The Philippines was originally named Filipinas by Spanish explorer Ruy Lopez de Villalobos in 1543 after King Philip II of Spain. It consists of over 7,000 islands located in Southeast Asia between latitude 4 and 21 degrees north and longitude 116 and 127 degrees east. Early Filipino society was organized into autonomous barangays led by datus. Each barangay had three social classes - maharlikas, timawas, and alipin. Women held important roles. The pre-Spanish era ended when Spain colonized the islands in the 16th century.
3. •The Philippines was named after Prince
Philip (later King Philip II) of Spain, by the
Spanish explorer Ruy Lopez de Villalobos
during his 1542-1546 expedition to the
islands.
4. ARCHIPELAGO’S NAME
Filipinas
• The name given to Philippines in 1543 by the ill- starred Spanish explorer, Ruy Lopez de
Villalobos, in honor of Prince Felipe of Austria who later became Philip II, the greatest king of Spain.
• This name first appeared on a rare map published at Venice in 1554 by Giovanni Battista
Ramusio.
Philippine Islands
• The anglicized name of Filipinas during the American colonial
regime.
Republic of the Philippines
• The name given to Philippines after the decolonization in 1946
5. Ma-yi/ ma-I
• The name given to Philippines by the early Chinese traders such as Chau
Ju Kua and Wang Ta- Yuan.
Rizaline Republic
• The name proposed by the Katipunan General Artemio Ricarte in honor
of Dr. Jose Rizal
Maharlika
• It was proposed by former President Ferdinand Marcos after his dream
of making the Philippines great again.
Pearl of the Orient Seas
• The most romantic name of the Philippines.
• It was originally given in 1751 by father Juan J. Delgado as a name of Manila
(Pearl of the Orient) and was also mentioned by Manuel De Azcarraga y
Palmero.
• It was also grunted by Dr. Jose P. Rizal in his published article in the Hong
Kong Telegraph.
6. GEOGRAPHY AND RESOURCES
• The Philippine Archipelago sprawls a little above the equator in
Southeast Asia between latitude 4 degree 23” and 21 degree
25” north and longitude 116 degree and 127 degree east.
• Philippines has a very strategic location due to the following;
• It serves as a bridge between the cultures of the East and the West.
• It lies at the crossroad of international air and sea routes.
• It looms as bastion of democracy in an area where dictators and communism
hold sway over Asian Nations.
• It is the citadel of Christianity between the largely Christian west and largely
non- Christian east. Hence, its role as “Christian Light of the World”.
7. EARLY FILIPINO ANCESTORS
• THE BARANGAYS
• Well organized independent villages.
• It originated from balangay, a Malayan word meaning
“sailboat”.
• It is a self- sustaining community ruled by a datu.
• It consisted of from 30- 100 families while some having a
population of more than 2,000.
8. SOCIETY AND SOCIAL CLASSES
• The pre- Spanish society was divided into three social classes:
• Maharlikas- nobles- they constituted the barangay aristocracy, the highest social class.
This class was composed of the affluent slave- owning families, including the datu, his
family and relatives and the rich people.
• Timawas- freemen- they constituted the middle class in the barangays. They were free-
born persons and emancipated slaves. They formed the majority among the inhabitants
of every barangay.
• Alipin- slaves- they belonged to the lowest social classes. The causes of slavery were the following:
• Birth
• Captivity in war
• Purchase
• Failure to pay debts
• Penalty for crimes committed
9. • Kinds of Slaves
• Aliping Namamahay- they lived in their houses. They owned their property. They
could marry without their master’s consent. They could not be sold.
• Aliping Saguiguilid- they owned no property. They lived in their master’s house.
They could not marry without their master’s consent. They could be sold anytime.
• Slaves could emancipate themselves and become a freeman in
various ways of emancipation as follows:
• Marriage
• Purchase
• Voluntary action of the master
10. • Hence, a slave woman who married a freeman or a noble
automatically becomes free.
• A slave man could become free by paying his master a
certain sum of gold.
• A slave- owner, according to customary laws, might
emancipate his slave for saving his life in the war or for
having served his family faithfully for many years.
• There was no caste system unlike in India. Hence, a noble could become slave, a
freeman could rise to nobility, and a slave could become a freeman.
11. WOMENS’ POSITION
• Tribal Laws and Customs recognized them as equal to men.
• They could own and inherent property.
• They could engage in trade and industry.
• If they were daughters of datus who had no sons, they could
inherit the chieftaincy and rule barangays.
• They had the exclusive privilege of naming their children.
12. BARANGAY GOVERNMENT
• Barangays were virtually independent village- kingdoms.
• Each barangay was ruled by a chieftain called Datu. The rulers of bigger
barangay kingdoms assumed the title of raha, hari or lakan.
• Datu- he was the chief, executive, legislator, and judge of the barangay and in
time of war, he was the commander of the barangay warriors. He obtained his
position by inheritance, being a son or daughter of a datu.
• In case the datu died without any legitimate son or daughter, the people of
barangay choose their new datu who should be the strongest, richest, or
wisest man in the barangay.
• Despite his great powers, he was not an absolute ruler.
13. The datu should consult the barangay elders in their approval of the following matters:
• Declaration of war with the enemy barangay
• The marriage of the barangay lakan (prince) or lakambini (princess)
• The negotiation of a political alliance with another barangay.
• Making new laws for the barangay.
• The barangay elders also took part in judicial trials of persons accused of certain crimes and
the datu’s decision could not be binding without their approval.
There were also confederations of barangays. The causes of these emergence were the
following:
• For better protection against enemies
• The marriage of a lakan of a barangay with the lakambini of another barangay
14. BARANGANIC RELATIONS
• Barangays concluded treaties of alliance and friendship with each
other, sealed by a traditional ceremony of the blood compact
called sandugo (one blood).
• Sometimes wars broke up between barangays. Such according to
Captain Miguel Loarca were caused by the following:
• When one goes to another village and was put to death without any
reason
• When one’s wives were stolen from them
• When one went to any village and he was badly treated or aggrieved
15. LAWS
• The early Filipinos had both oral and written laws.
• The oral laws were their customs (ugali) which had been handed
down orally from generation to generation.
• According to legend, the lawgiver of the pre- Spanish Philippines was a
woman named Lubluban, the great granddaughter of the first man and
the first woman of the world.
• The written laws were promulgated by datus with the help of the
barangay elders and announced to the people by a barangay crier
known as umalohokan.
• Take note that the much known Kalantiaw Code of the Philippines
has been proven to be suspect of origin and contents. Hence, it
should be believed in.
16. RELIGION
• The early Filipinos were pagans except that of Moros in Mindanao and Sulu.
• The following were their gods and goddesses:
• Bathala- supreme god and the creator of heaven and earth
• Idianale- Tagalog goddess of agriculture
• Lakampati- Tagalog god of harvest
• Sidapa- Visayan god of death
• Apolaki- Pangasinan war god
• Kidul- Kalinga god of thunder
• Dal’lang- Ilocano goddess of beauty
• Malyari- Zambal god of power and strength
• Poko- Tagbanua god of sea
• Kolyog- Ifugao god of earthquakes
17. • They worshipped ancestral spirits called anitos (Tagalog) or
diwatas (Visayan). To these anitos the sacrifices called,
maganito, were offered. The ritual was performed by a priest
or priestess called katalona or babaylan.
• They also worshipped nature in the belief that such natural
objects were the habitats of the spirits.
• They also believed in life after death. The good soul would
go to heaven, called kaluwalhatian (Tagalog) or Ologan
(Visayan), while the bad soul would go to hell called,
kasamaan (Tagalog) or Solad (Visayan).
18. FILIPINO VALUES AND CULTURE
1 Family
2 Politeness
3 Hospitality
4 Gratitude
5 Shame
6 Flexibility, Adaptability, and Creativity
7 Loyalty
8 Hard work and Industry
9 Resignation
19. THANK YOU!
REFERENCES:
Agoncillo, Teodoro A. Agoncillo & Fe B. Mangahas. 2010. Philippine History. C & E
Publishing
Halili (2010). Philippine History 2nd edition Rex Bookstore Inc.
Zulueta (2013) Philippine History and Government through the years National
Bookstore