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GENERAL METHODOLOGY OF MARKET REPORTS
Secondary Market Research
 The reports are compiled based on secondary market research. Secondary research is information gathered from previously published sources. Our reports are
solely based on information and data acquired from national and international statistical offices, industry and trade associations, business reports, business and
company databases, journals, company registries, news portals and many other reliable sources. By using various sources we ensure maximum objectivity for
all obtained data. As a result, companies gain a precise and unbiased impression of the market situation.
 Cross referencing of data is conducted in order to ensure validity and reliability.
 The source of information and its release date are provided on every chart. It is possible that the information contained in one chart is derived from several
sources. If this is the case, all sources are mentioned on the chart.
 The reports include mainly data from the last 12 months prior to the date of report publication. Exact publication dates are mentioned in every chart.
Definitions
 The reports take into account a broad definition of B2C E-Commerce, which might include mobile commerce. As definitions may vary among sources, exact
definition used by the source (if available) is included at the bottom of the chart.
Chart Types
 Our reports include text charts, pie charts, bar charts, rankings, line graphs and tables. Every chart contains an Action Title, which summarizes the main
idea/finding of the chart and a Subtitle, which provides necessary information about the country, the topic, units or measures of currency, and the applicable time
period(s) to which the data refers. With respect to rankings, it is possible that the summation of all categories amounts to more than 100%. In this case, multiple
answers were possible, which is noted at the bottom of the chart.
Report Structure
 Reports are comprised of the following elements, in the following order: Cover page, preface, legal notice, methodology, definitions, table of contents,
management summary (summarizing main information contained in each section of report) and report content (divided into sections and chapters). When
available, we also include forecasts in our report content. These forecasts are not our own; they are published by reliable sources. Within Global and Regional
reports, we include all major developed and emerging markets, ranked in order of importance by using evaluative criteria such as sales figures.
Notes and Currency Values
 If available, additional information about the data collection, for example the time of survey and number of people surveyed, is provided in the form of a note. In
some cases, the note (also) contains additional information needed to fully understand the contents of the respective data.
 When providing information about amounts of money, local currencies are most often used. When referencing currency values in the Action Title, the EUR
values are also provided in brackets. The conversions are always made using the average currency exchange rate for the respective time period. Should the
currency figure be in the future, the average exchange rate of the past 12 months is used.

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METHODOLOGY OF THE CURRENT REPORT
Report Coverage
 This report covers the global online payment market with a focus on alternative payment methods. Alternative online payment methods generally refer to
payment methods other than credit card of bank card payments.
 Major B2C E-Commerce markets in all global regions are covered, including advanced and emerging, while data availability varied across the countries.
 The report includes data mostly published within the first six months of 2016. The exact date of publication of the source is stated on each chart. The time period
which the data refers to differs by source.
Report Structure
 The global chapter opens the report, featuring a ranking of payment methods used by global online shoppers and breakdown by regions. The rest of the report is
divided by regions presented in the descending order of B2C E-Commerce sales.
 Within each region, the countries are also ranked by B2C E-Commerce sales and, where applicable, grouped by advanced and emerging markets.
 Depending on data availability, the following types of market information are included: payment methods most used in online and mobile shopping, including
cards and alternative methods; attitude of online shoppers to the variety of payment methods offered; breakdown of preferences of online shoppers and of online
retail sales by payment methods. Not all the mentioned types of information are available for each of the covered countries. For selected leading advanced and
emerging markets, also online and mobile payment trends and news about major players, such as payment providers, banks and retailers are presented on text
charts.

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DEFINITIONS
 ONLINE PAYMENT
Transfer of money made over the Internet following a consumer’s payment command, includes payments for product
and service purchased in (B2C) E-Commerce and M-Commerce.
 ALTERNATIVE PAYMENTS
Generally refers to payment methods other than credit card or bank card payments. Widely defined, alternative
online payment methods include bank transfers and direct debit, digital wallets, pre-paid cards and private label
cards, invoice, and digital currency. They may also include cash on delivery and card schemes by local companies
other than global card brands.
 DIGITAL WALLET
Also known as E-Wallet. A prepaid digital account, allowing users to store money and use it in online or mobile
transactions.
 E-MONEY Short for electronic money. Money which is exchanged electronically using digitally stored values.
 B2C E-COMMERCE The sale of products (and services) through electronic transactions via the Internet from businesses to consumers.
 M-COMMERCE
M-Commerce, also called “Mobile Commerce”, means the sale of products (and services) through transactions via
mobile devices.
 ONLINE SHOPPING
Purchase of products or services by consumers via the Internet. Broadly defined, may include business to consumer
and consumer to consumer transactions.
The following expressions and definitions are used in this Online Payment market report*:
Note: *the definitions used by the original sources might differ from the ones stated on this chart; the exact definition used by each source, where available, is included on the respective
charts

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TABLE OF CONTENTS (1 OF 5)
1. Management Summary
2. Global Developments
• Payment Methods Used in Online Shopping, in % of Online Shoppers, October 2015
• Payment Methods Used in Online Shopping, by Regions, in % of Online Shoppers, October 2015
3. Asia-Pacific
3.1. Advanced Markets
3.1.1. Japan
• Online and Mobile Payment Trends and News about Players, H1 2016
• Breakdown of Payment Methods Most Used in Online Shopping, in % of Online Shoppers, March 2016
• Breakdown of Experience with Cases Where Preferred Payment Method Was Not Offered, in % of Online Shoppers, March 2016
3.1.2. South Korea
• Payment Methods Used in Online Shopping, in % of Online Shoppers, October 2015
• Payment Methods Used in Mobile Shopping, in % of Mobile Shoppers, 2014 & 2015
3.2. Emerging Markets
3.2.1. China
• Online and Mobile Payment Trends and News about Players, H1 2016
• Third-Party Online Payment GMV, in CNY trillion, and in % Year-on-Year Change, 2012 - 2019f
• Breakdown of Third-Party Online Payment GMV, in %, and Total, in CNY trillion, Q1 2015 – Q4 2015
• Breakdown of Third-Party Online Payment GMV, by Providers, in %, 2015
3.2.2. India
• Payment Methods Used in Online Shopping, in % of Online Shoppers, October 2015

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TABLE OF CONTENTS (2 OF 5)
3. Asia-Pacific (Cont.)
3.2. Emerging Markets (Cont.)
3.2.3. Indonesia
• Breakdown of E-Commerce Payments by Payment Method, by Approximate Share in %, 2015
3.2.4. Thailand
• Payment Methods Used in Online Shopping, in % of Online Shoppers, by Gender and Generation, May 2015
3.2.5. Vietnam
• Payment Methods Used in Online Shopping, in % of Online Shoppers, 2014 & 2015
4. Europe
4.1. Advanced Markets
4.1.1. UK
• Online and Mobile Payment Trends and News about Players, H1 2016
• Top 3 Payment Methods Used in Online Shopping, in % of Online Shoppers, October 2015
4.1.2. Germany
• Online and Mobile Payment Trends and News about Players, August 2016
• Breakdown of Online and Mail Order Sales, by Payment Methods, in % and in EUR million, 2014 & 2015
• Breakdown of Payment Methods Preferred in Online Shopping, in % of Online Shoppers, 2014 & 2015
• Most Important Criteria When Choosing a Payment Method to Purchase Online, in % of Online Shoppers, 2015
• Payment Methods Used in Mobile Shopping, in % of Mobile Shoppers, May 2015
4.1.3. France
• Payment Methods Most Used in B2C E-Commerce, in % of Online Shoppers, June 2015 & June 2016

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TABLE OF CONTENTS (3 OF 5)
4. Europe (Cont.)
4.1. Advanced Markets (Cont.)
4.1.4. Spain
• Payment Methods Used in Online Shopping, in % of Online Shoppers, 2014 & 2015
• Breakdown of Aspects Most Important for Payment Methods in Online Shopping, in % of Online Shoppers, 2015
4.1.5. Italy
• Breakdown of B2C E-Commerce Sales, by Payment Methods, in %, 2012 - 2016f
4.1.6. Netherlands
• Breakdown of Online Purchases by Payment Methods, in %, 2014 & 2015
4.1.7 Sweden
• Breakdown of Preferred Payment Methods in Online Shopping, in % of Online Shoppers, Q4 2014 & Q4 2015
4.2. Emerging Markets
4.2.1. Russia
• Payment Methods Used in Online Shopping, in % of Online Shoppers, 2013 – 2015
• Top 5 E-Money Services Used, in % of E-Money Users, December 2015
• Online Payment Methods Used When Paying Online via Smartphone, in % of Users, March 2016
4.2.2. Poland
• Payment Methods Preferred in Online Shopping, in % of Online Shoppers, April 2016
4.2.3. Czech Republic
• Payment Methods Preferred in Online Shopping, in % of Online Shoppers, 2015

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TABLE OF CONTENTS (4 OF 5)
5. North America
5.1. Regional
• Payment Methods Preferred in Online Shopping, in % of Online Shoppers, October 2015
5.2. USA
• Online Payment Trends and News about Players, H1 2016
• General Payment Methods Used, in % of Internet Users, March 2016
6. Latin America
6.1. Brazil
• Online Payment Trends and News about Players, H1 2016
• Breakdown of Payment Methods Used in Online Shopping, in % of Online Shoppers, 2015
6.2. Mexico
• Payment Methods Used in Online Shopping, in % of Online Shoppers, 2015
• Reasons for Not Shopping Online, incl. Payment-Related, in % of Internet Users Who Do Not Shop Online, 2015
6.3. Argentina
• Breakdown of E-Commerce Sales by Payment Methods, in %, 2015
6.4. Colombia
• Payment Methods Used in Online Shopping, in % of Online Shoppers, October 2015

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TABLE OF CONTENTS (5 OF 5)
7. Middle East and Africa
7.1. Regional
• Breakdown of Payment Methods Preferred in Online Shopping in MENA, in % of Online Shoppers, June 2016
• Share of Consumers in the Middle East Who Would Opt for Alternative Payment Methods, in %, and Selected Alternative Payment
Methods They Would Opt for, incl. “Mobile Wallet”, in %, May 2016
7.2. South Africa
• Payment Methods Used in Online Shopping, in % of Online Shoppers, October 2015
7.3. Nigeria
• Payment Methods Used in Online Shopping, in % of Online Shoppers, October 2015
7.5. Morocco
• Payment Methods Used in Online Shopping, in % of Online Shoppers, February 2016

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1. Management
Summary
12 – 16
2. Global
Developments
17 – 19
3.
3.1.
3.1.1.
3.1.2.
3.2.
3.2.1.
3.2.2.
3.2.3.
3.2.4.
3.2.5.
Asia-Pacific
Advanced Markets
Japan
South Korea
Emerging Markets
China
India
Indonesia
Thailand
Vietnam
20 – 34
20 – 25
21 – 23
24 – 25
26 – 35
27 – 30
31 – 31
32 – 32
33 – 33
34 – 34
4.
4.1.
4.1.1.
4.1.2.
4.1.3.
4.1.4.
4.1.5.
4.1.6.
4.1.7.
4.2.
4.2.1.
4.2.2.
4.2.3.
Europe
Advanced Markets
UK
Germany
France
Spain
Italy
Netherlands
Sweden
Emerging Markets
Russia
Poland
Czech Republic
35 – 55
35 – 49
36 – 37
38 – 42
43 – 43
44 – 46
42 – 42
47 – 47
49 – 49
50 – 55
51 – 53
54 – 54
55 – 55
5.
5.1.
5.2.
North America
Regional
USA
56 – 59
57 – 57
58 – 59
6.
6.1.
6.2.
6.3.
6.4.
Latin America
Brazil
Mexico
Argentina
Colombia
60 – 66
61 – 62
63 – 64
65 – 65
66 – 66
7.
7.1.
7.2.
7.3.
7.4.
7.5.
Middle East and
Africa
Regional
South Africa
Nigeria
Egypt
Morocco
67 – 73
68 – 69
70 – 70
71 – 71
72 – 72
73 – 73

13. 1%
11%
37%
7%
14%
64%
1%
6%
11%
20%
48%
91%
0% 20% 40% 60% 80% 100%
Others
Scratch Card
E-Wallet
Payment Card
Bank Transfer
Cash on Delivery
2015
2014
13
“Cash on delivery” was used by 91% of online shoppers in Vietnam
in 2015, compared to 20% using “Payment card”.
Vietnam: Payment Methods Used in Online Shopping, in % of Online Shoppers, 2014 & 2015
in % of Online Shoppers
Note: does not add up to 100% due to multiple answers possible
Survey: based on a survey of 900 Internet users in 2014 and 967 in 2015; in 2015 36% of respondents were aged 20-24 and 38% were 25-29
Source: VECITA, July 2015, May 2016

14. Q4 2015Q4 2014
Invoice was the leading alternative payment method used by 35% of
online shoppers in Sweden both in Q4 2014 and in Q4 2015.
Sweden: Breakdown of Preferred Payment Methods in Online Shopping, in % of Online Shoppers,
Q4 2014 & Q4 2015
Note: may not add up to 100% due to rounding
Survey: based on a survey of 1,066 Internet users in Q4 2014 and 1,106 in Q4 2015; question asked “Which of the following methods do you prefer to use when paying for an
online purchase?”
Source: PostNord, April 2015, April 2016
Debit Card or Credit
Card
35%
Invoice
35%
Direct Payment via a
Bank
19%
PayPal, Payson or
Similar
7%
Cash on Delivery
1% Other, Unsure, Don't
Know
1%
14
Debit Card or Credit
Card
37%
Invoice
35%
Direct Payment
Through Bank
19%
PayPal, Payson or
Similar
5%
Other, Unsure, Don't
Know
4%

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