SlideShare a Scribd company logo
1 of 36
Download to read offline
Engineer Your
Portfolio with ETFs
By the end of November 2011, there
 were more than 1,400 different
  exchange traded funds (ETFs)
        accounting for over
$1 trillion dollars invested.
You’ve heard a lot about ETFs. They’re an easy and
convenient way to “diversify your portfolio,” but how
about the real questions…




                            Which should I buy
                             and how much?
Harry Markowitz, PhD
Why not ask a Nobel     Modern Portfolio Theory (1952)
                        Nobel Prize (1990)
Prize winner?




                        David Swensen, PhD
… and the Chief         Yale Endowment CIO (1985-present)
                        Unconventional Success (2005)
Investment Officer at   Pioneering Portfolio Management (2009)


Yale University?
Harry Markowitz, PhD
                      Modern Portfolio Theory (1952)
                      Nobel Prize (1990)

  I invented it.




Use Modern Portfolio Theory
                      David Swensen, PhD
                      Yale Endowment CIO (1985-present)
                      Unconventional Success (2005)
  I wrote the         Pioneering Portfolio Management (2009)

  book on it.
A Quick Lesson in Modern Portfolio Theory

                  Every investment has an expected return
                  and some level of risk.
Expected Return




                                           Risk
A Quick Lesson in Modern Portfolio Theory

                  Every investment has an expected return
                  and some level of risk.
Expected Return




                                             Stocks	
  




                                           Risk
A Quick Lesson in Modern Portfolio Theory

                  Every investment has an expected return
                  and some level of risk.
Expected Return




                                             Stocks	
  




                        Bonds	
  


                                           Risk
A Quick Lesson in Modern Portfolio Theory

                  You can mix investments to get different
                  combinations of expected return vs. risk.
Expected Return




                                                                     Stocks	
  

                                    A	
  mix	
  of	
  Stocks	
  
                                    &	
  Bonds	
  


                        Bonds	
  


                                                                   Risk
A Quick Lesson in Modern Portfolio Theory

                  There are an unlimited number of
                  investments and combinations.
Expected Return




                                            Risk
A Quick Lesson in Modern Portfolio Theory

                  There is a theoretical maximum expected
                  return for each level of risk.
Expected Return




                                           Risk
A Quick Lesson in Modern Portfolio Theory

                  The best combinations of investments form
                  a curve known as the Efficient Frontier.
Expected Return




                                           Risk
A Quick Lesson in Modern Portfolio Theory

                  The only way to get to the efficient frontier
                  is by mixing uncorrelated asset classes.
Expected Return




                                               Risk
Modern Portfolio Theory
If you synthesize the recommendations of experts and look at the
practices of the best institutions, you come up with 6 core asset
classes that are publicly accessible.



                 US Stocks                     Natural Resources
                 Foreign Developed             Real Estate
                 Emerging Markets              Bonds



                           Why not more? More asset classes don’t
                           materially add more expected return with less risk
                           for the effort. Additionally, they may not be
                           uncorrelated or may have too much volatility.
Modern Portfolio Theory
Expected Return




                                                                                    Risk



                        Using Mean-Variance Optimization with the 6 asset
                        classes allows you to find the optimal portfolio for each
                        level of risk.
Modern Portfolio Theory
Expected Return




                                                                                                                                                          Risk

                       Bonds	
     US	
  Stock	
     Emerging	
  Markets	
     Foreign	
  Developed	
     Real	
  Estate	
     Natural	
  Resources	
  
100%
90%
80%
70%
60%                                    Which gives us an asset allocation for
50%
40%                                   each point along the Efficient Frontier.
30%
20%
10%
    0%
Modern Portfolio Theory
Expected Return




                                                                                                                                                                    ?

                                                                                                                                                                    Risk

                             Bonds	
     US	
  Stock	
     Emerging	
  Markets	
     Foreign	
  Developed	
         Real	
  Estate	
     Natural	
  Resources	
  
100%
90%
80%
70%                                                                                                                            Now, find the
60%
50%
                                                                                                                             portfolio that has
40%                                                                                                                         the right amount of
30%
20%
                                                                                                                                risk for you.
10%
    0%

                   0     1                2                 3                4              5                   6                    7              8               9      10
                  Less                                                                                                                                                     More

                                                                               Overall Risk
To find your risk tolerance, you need to measure your
  subjective willingness and your objective ability to take risk.

  Using tools on the internet, map your risk tolerance to any
  scale you choose. Also, lower your score if you find
  yourself providing answers that conflict with each other.

Subjective Score
                      0        1   2   3   4   5   6   7   8   9      10
                   Less Risk                                       More Risk



Objective Score
                      0        1   2   3   4   5   6   7   8   9      10
                   Less Risk                                       More Risk
Subjective Risk Tolerance


Take a risk questionnaire to identify
your comfort with the risks of
investing.



Note: Most questionnaires will likely end with a portfolio recommendation with a
different set of asset classes than we recommend. Your real goal is to figure out
where in the risk spectrum you fall so you can map it back to the Efficient Frontier.


   Subjective Score
                                0        1   2      3     4     5     6      7    8   9      10
                             Less Risk                                                    More Risk
Examples
https://personal.vanguard.com/us/funds/tools/recommendation

http://www.schwabmoneywise.com/public/moneywise/calculators_tools/questionnaire
Objective Risk Tolerance


Use a financial planning tool to
ensure you’ll have more investment
income than spending needs when
you retire.


The lower your investment income relative to your spending needs, the less risk you
can take.


   Objective Score
                                0        1      2   3   4   5   6   7   8   9      10
                             Less Risk                                          More Risk


Example
http://www.smartmoney.com/retirement/planner/
Your Overall Risk Tolerance Score is the minimum of your
      subjective and objective risk scores. Using this score to help
      design your portfolio will help you avoid risk that you are
      unwilling or unable to take.


Subjective Score
                      0        1   2   3   4   5   6    7     8    9      10
                   Less Risk                                           More Risk



Objective Score
                      0        1   2   3   4   5   6    7     8    9      10
                   Less Risk                                           More Risk



Overall Score
                      0        1   2   3   4   5   6    7     8    9      10
                   Less Risk                                           More Risk
Plot Your Risk Level
Expected Return




                                                                                                       You are here.                                                Risk

                             Bonds	
     US	
  Stock	
     Emerging	
  Markets	
     Foreign	
  Developed	
         Real	
  Estate	
     Natural	
  Resources	
  
100%
90%
80%
70%
60%
50%
40%
30%
20%
10%
    0%

                   0     1                2                 3                4              5                   6                    7              8               9      10
                  Less                                                                                                                                                     More

                                                                               Overall Risk
Back to choosing ETFs…

We need to pick ETFs that represent each of the 6 core
asset classes and buy them in percentages dictated by your
risk tolerance.




                                 Now which ETFs
                                  should I buy?
Selecting ETFs


                 Filtering the universe of all ETFs only
                 to candidates that represent the core
                 asset classes gives you about 100 to
                 choose from.



                 The rest will be ranked by
                 three important characteristics.
Selecting ETFs
                   Three Important Characteristics

                   Low Costs – favorable expenses

                   Minimal Tracking Error – matches
                    the underlying index closely


                   Market Liquidity – can be traded
                    quickly and easily


                   Many investors look at expenses
                   but neglect to look at tracking
                   error and liquidity.
That’s how we got to our current recommendations:
( which you can also find at www.wealthfront.com )




                                                       US Stocks – VTI

                                                       Foreign Stocks – VEA

                                                       Emerging Markets – VWO

                                                       Real Estate – VNQ

                                                       Natural Resources – DJP

                                                       Bonds – BND


Wealthfront regularly surveys the ETF landscape and ranks ETFs in each asset
class using the criteria described in the prior slide. Vanguard ETFs often come
out on top. Wealthfront receives no compensation for recommending Vanguard
products or any other ETFs.
Risk Level 5
	
  
Harry Markowitz, PhD
               Modern Portfolio Theory (1952)
               Nobel Prize (1990)




               David Swensen, PhD
               Yale Endowment CIO (1985-present)
 Now you       Unconventional Success (2005)
               Pioneering Portfolio Management (2009)
 have to
maintain it!
Rebalancing
The value of your investments will naturally drift over time as the
market moves.

                                                       2012
Expected Return




                    2011



                                         Example
                              •  Green increases in value.
                              •  Yellow decreases in value.
                              •  Blue stays the same.
                                                                      Risk
Rebalancing
The new mix of asset classes will have a different risk and
expected return.

                                                      2012
Expected Return




                    2011




                         Additional Risk
                                                              Risk
Rebalancing
Rebalance your portfolio to get back to your desired risk level with
the highest expected return.
Expected Return




                           Rebalance




                                                                       Risk
Rebalancing   Time-based or Threshold-based

              You can rebalance based on a variety of
              criteria. Some choose to rebalance after
              a predefined duration.

              We recommend rebalancing whenever
              any asset class deviates from a portfolio’s
              allocation by more than a certain
              percentage, depending on the type of
              account.

                For tax-deferred accounts: 4-6%
                For taxable account: 6-10%


              … but with the following caveats
Rebalancing Considerations


                        Keep in mind…

                          Tax implications

                          Impact of commissions

                          Changes in your risk profile

                        Most individual investors don’t
                        rebalance because they struggle
                        with these issues.
To Recap:

  Construct the Efficient Frontier

      Allocate to the six core asset classes, select low-cost ETFs, and
      allocate optimally


  Place your portfolio on the Efficient Frontier

      Understand your subjective willingness and objective ability to take
      risk and find the portfolio that’s right for you


  Keep your portfolio on the Efficient Frontier

      Rebalance your portfolio weighing taxes, commissions and changes
      in your risk profile
Want us to do this for you?


Visit         .com to get started.
Disclosures
Nothing in this presentation should be construed as a solicitation or offer, or
recommendation, to buy or sell any security. Photographs do not depict actual
Wealthfront clients. Financial advisory services are only provided to investors who
become Wealthfront clients pursuant to a written agreement, which investors are
urged to read and carefully consider in determining whether such agreement is
suitable for their individual facts and circumstances.

Past performance is no guarantee of future results, and any hypothetical
returns, expected returns, or probability projections may not reflect actual
future performance. Investors should review Wealthfront’s website for additional
information about advisory services.

More Related Content

What's hot (20)

Investment Vehicles
Investment VehiclesInvestment Vehicles
Investment Vehicles
 
Debt mutual fund
Debt mutual fund   Debt mutual fund
Debt mutual fund
 
STABILITY OF FINANCIAL SYSTEM.ppt
STABILITY OF FINANCIAL SYSTEM.pptSTABILITY OF FINANCIAL SYSTEM.ppt
STABILITY OF FINANCIAL SYSTEM.ppt
 
Start Investing Young
Start Investing YoungStart Investing Young
Start Investing Young
 
Risk and return
Risk and returnRisk and return
Risk and return
 
Chap015
Chap015Chap015
Chap015
 
Portfolio Mgt Ch 01 The Investment Setting
Portfolio Mgt Ch 01 The Investment SettingPortfolio Mgt Ch 01 The Investment Setting
Portfolio Mgt Ch 01 The Investment Setting
 
valuation of Goodwill and Share
valuation of Goodwill and Sharevaluation of Goodwill and Share
valuation of Goodwill and Share
 
Basics Of Wealth Mgt
Basics Of Wealth MgtBasics Of Wealth Mgt
Basics Of Wealth Mgt
 
Chapter (6)
Chapter (6)Chapter (6)
Chapter (6)
 
Mutual Funds
Mutual FundsMutual Funds
Mutual Funds
 
Liquid fund
Liquid fundLiquid fund
Liquid fund
 
Valuation of bonds
Valuation of bondsValuation of bonds
Valuation of bonds
 
6. bond valuation
6. bond valuation6. bond valuation
6. bond valuation
 
How To Save Tax Through ELSS
How To Save Tax Through ELSS How To Save Tax Through ELSS
How To Save Tax Through ELSS
 
Retirement solution SIP & SWP
Retirement solution SIP & SWPRetirement solution SIP & SWP
Retirement solution SIP & SWP
 
Middle income group financial planning
Middle income group financial planningMiddle income group financial planning
Middle income group financial planning
 
Lecture 6
Lecture 6Lecture 6
Lecture 6
 
Measuring risk
Measuring riskMeasuring risk
Measuring risk
 
An Overview Of Financial Management
An Overview Of Financial ManagementAn Overview Of Financial Management
An Overview Of Financial Management
 

Similar to Engineer Your Portfolio with ETFs

The Imperatives of Investment Suitability
The Imperatives of Investment SuitabilityThe Imperatives of Investment Suitability
The Imperatives of Investment Suitabilityfinametrica
 
Dr. Ibha_Nature & Scope of PM _ Markowitz.pptx
Dr. Ibha_Nature & Scope of PM _ Markowitz.pptxDr. Ibha_Nature & Scope of PM _ Markowitz.pptx
Dr. Ibha_Nature & Scope of PM _ Markowitz.pptxibha1234
 
Risk parity revolution
Risk parity revolutionRisk parity revolution
Risk parity revolutionZakMaymin
 
The legacy of modern portfolio theory academic essay assignment - www.topgr...
The legacy of modern portfolio theory   academic essay assignment - www.topgr...The legacy of modern portfolio theory   academic essay assignment - www.topgr...
The legacy of modern portfolio theory academic essay assignment - www.topgr...Top Grade Papers
 
Portfolio management and asset allocation12111
Portfolio management and asset allocation12111Portfolio management and asset allocation12111
Portfolio management and asset allocation12111mqijahmani
 
SAPM team 10.pptx
SAPM team 10.pptxSAPM team 10.pptx
SAPM team 10.pptxgobigobi21
 
Hybrid Portfolio Theory, 6.17.09
Hybrid Portfolio Theory, 6.17.09Hybrid Portfolio Theory, 6.17.09
Hybrid Portfolio Theory, 6.17.09Prescient Partners
 
2009 modern portfolio theory approved - copy
2009 modern portfolio theory approved - copy2009 modern portfolio theory approved - copy
2009 modern portfolio theory approved - copyDeana Lanham
 
Portfolio Management
Portfolio ManagementPortfolio Management
Portfolio ManagementBikash Kumar
 
The Phenomena Behind Equity Risk Premium Discussion For 35...
The Phenomena Behind Equity Risk Premium Discussion For 35...The Phenomena Behind Equity Risk Premium Discussion For 35...
The Phenomena Behind Equity Risk Premium Discussion For 35...Jennifer Rivera
 
Client Education Session 1
Client Education Session 1Client Education Session 1
Client Education Session 1FerroFinancial
 
Portfolio Optimization
Portfolio OptimizationPortfolio Optimization
Portfolio OptimizationGlenn Solomon
 
Economics Of Corporate Finance Theory
Economics Of Corporate Finance TheoryEconomics Of Corporate Finance Theory
Economics Of Corporate Finance TheoryDenise Enriquez
 
The Rate Of Return On A Stock
The Rate Of Return On A StockThe Rate Of Return On A Stock
The Rate Of Return On A StockAllison Weaver
 
Using Mean-Variance Optimization in the Real World: Black-Litterman vs. Resam...
Using Mean-Variance Optimization in the Real World: Black-Litterman vs. Resam...Using Mean-Variance Optimization in the Real World: Black-Litterman vs. Resam...
Using Mean-Variance Optimization in the Real World: Black-Litterman vs. Resam...SSA KPI
 
Asset allocation for_real-world_investors_affluent_version
Asset allocation for_real-world_investors_affluent_versionAsset allocation for_real-world_investors_affluent_version
Asset allocation for_real-world_investors_affluent_versiondhirajsingh88
 
Erm Symposium Slides
Erm Symposium SlidesErm Symposium Slides
Erm Symposium Slidesjmiccolis
 

Similar to Engineer Your Portfolio with ETFs (20)

The Imperatives of Investment Suitability
The Imperatives of Investment SuitabilityThe Imperatives of Investment Suitability
The Imperatives of Investment Suitability
 
Dr. Ibha_Nature & Scope of PM _ Markowitz.pptx
Dr. Ibha_Nature & Scope of PM _ Markowitz.pptxDr. Ibha_Nature & Scope of PM _ Markowitz.pptx
Dr. Ibha_Nature & Scope of PM _ Markowitz.pptx
 
Risk parity revolution
Risk parity revolutionRisk parity revolution
Risk parity revolution
 
The legacy of modern portfolio theory academic essay assignment - www.topgr...
The legacy of modern portfolio theory   academic essay assignment - www.topgr...The legacy of modern portfolio theory   academic essay assignment - www.topgr...
The legacy of modern portfolio theory academic essay assignment - www.topgr...
 
Portfolio management and asset allocation12111
Portfolio management and asset allocation12111Portfolio management and asset allocation12111
Portfolio management and asset allocation12111
 
Dopfel
DopfelDopfel
Dopfel
 
SAPM team 10.pptx
SAPM team 10.pptxSAPM team 10.pptx
SAPM team 10.pptx
 
Hybrid Portfolio Theory, 6.17.09
Hybrid Portfolio Theory, 6.17.09Hybrid Portfolio Theory, 6.17.09
Hybrid Portfolio Theory, 6.17.09
 
2009 modern portfolio theory approved - copy
2009 modern portfolio theory approved - copy2009 modern portfolio theory approved - copy
2009 modern portfolio theory approved - copy
 
Portfolio Management
Portfolio ManagementPortfolio Management
Portfolio Management
 
The Phenomena Behind Equity Risk Premium Discussion For 35...
The Phenomena Behind Equity Risk Premium Discussion For 35...The Phenomena Behind Equity Risk Premium Discussion For 35...
The Phenomena Behind Equity Risk Premium Discussion For 35...
 
Client Education Session 1
Client Education Session 1Client Education Session 1
Client Education Session 1
 
Portfolio Optimization
Portfolio OptimizationPortfolio Optimization
Portfolio Optimization
 
Economics Of Corporate Finance Theory
Economics Of Corporate Finance TheoryEconomics Of Corporate Finance Theory
Economics Of Corporate Finance Theory
 
The Rate Of Return On A Stock
The Rate Of Return On A StockThe Rate Of Return On A Stock
The Rate Of Return On A Stock
 
Portfolio analysis
Portfolio analysisPortfolio analysis
Portfolio analysis
 
Using Mean-Variance Optimization in the Real World: Black-Litterman vs. Resam...
Using Mean-Variance Optimization in the Real World: Black-Litterman vs. Resam...Using Mean-Variance Optimization in the Real World: Black-Litterman vs. Resam...
Using Mean-Variance Optimization in the Real World: Black-Litterman vs. Resam...
 
Modern portfolio theory
Modern portfolio theoryModern portfolio theory
Modern portfolio theory
 
Asset allocation for_real-world_investors_affluent_version
Asset allocation for_real-world_investors_affluent_versionAsset allocation for_real-world_investors_affluent_version
Asset allocation for_real-world_investors_affluent_version
 
Erm Symposium Slides
Erm Symposium SlidesErm Symposium Slides
Erm Symposium Slides
 

More from Wealthfront

Invest Well Seminar
Invest Well Seminar Invest Well Seminar
Invest Well Seminar Wealthfront
 
How to Invest Well
How to Invest WellHow to Invest Well
How to Invest WellWealthfront
 
Supercharge your Investments with Tax-Loss Harvesting
Supercharge your Investments with Tax-Loss HarvestingSupercharge your Investments with Tax-Loss Harvesting
Supercharge your Investments with Tax-Loss HarvestingWealthfront
 
Wealthfront Equity Plan
Wealthfront Equity PlanWealthfront Equity Plan
Wealthfront Equity PlanWealthfront
 
Personal Finance for Engineers
Personal Finance for EngineersPersonal Finance for Engineers
Personal Finance for EngineersWealthfront
 
Supercharge your Investments with Tax-Loss Harvesting
Supercharge your Investments with Tax-Loss HarvestingSupercharge your Investments with Tax-Loss Harvesting
Supercharge your Investments with Tax-Loss HarvestingWealthfront
 
SXSW '12 Customer Development
SXSW '12 Customer DevelopmentSXSW '12 Customer Development
SXSW '12 Customer DevelopmentWealthfront
 
Lean Startup for Geeks with Eric Ries
Lean Startup for Geeks with Eric RiesLean Startup for Geeks with Eric Ries
Lean Startup for Geeks with Eric RiesWealthfront
 

More from Wealthfront (8)

Invest Well Seminar
Invest Well Seminar Invest Well Seminar
Invest Well Seminar
 
How to Invest Well
How to Invest WellHow to Invest Well
How to Invest Well
 
Supercharge your Investments with Tax-Loss Harvesting
Supercharge your Investments with Tax-Loss HarvestingSupercharge your Investments with Tax-Loss Harvesting
Supercharge your Investments with Tax-Loss Harvesting
 
Wealthfront Equity Plan
Wealthfront Equity PlanWealthfront Equity Plan
Wealthfront Equity Plan
 
Personal Finance for Engineers
Personal Finance for EngineersPersonal Finance for Engineers
Personal Finance for Engineers
 
Supercharge your Investments with Tax-Loss Harvesting
Supercharge your Investments with Tax-Loss HarvestingSupercharge your Investments with Tax-Loss Harvesting
Supercharge your Investments with Tax-Loss Harvesting
 
SXSW '12 Customer Development
SXSW '12 Customer DevelopmentSXSW '12 Customer Development
SXSW '12 Customer Development
 
Lean Startup for Geeks with Eric Ries
Lean Startup for Geeks with Eric RiesLean Startup for Geeks with Eric Ries
Lean Startup for Geeks with Eric Ries
 

Recently uploaded

Monthly Market Risk Update: March 2024 [SlideShare]
Monthly Market Risk Update: March 2024 [SlideShare]Monthly Market Risk Update: March 2024 [SlideShare]
Monthly Market Risk Update: March 2024 [SlideShare]Commonwealth
 
What Key Factors Should Risk Officers Consider When Using Generative AI
What Key Factors Should Risk Officers Consider When Using Generative AIWhat Key Factors Should Risk Officers Consider When Using Generative AI
What Key Factors Should Risk Officers Consider When Using Generative AI360factors
 
Lundin Gold March 2024 Corporate Presentation - PDAC v1.pdf
Lundin Gold March 2024 Corporate Presentation - PDAC v1.pdfLundin Gold March 2024 Corporate Presentation - PDAC v1.pdf
Lundin Gold March 2024 Corporate Presentation - PDAC v1.pdfAdnet Communications
 
RWA Report 2024: Rise of Real-World Assets in Crypto | CoinGecko
RWA Report 2024: Rise of Real-World Assets in Crypto | CoinGeckoRWA Report 2024: Rise of Real-World Assets in Crypto | CoinGecko
RWA Report 2024: Rise of Real-World Assets in Crypto | CoinGeckoCoinGecko
 
Hungarys economy made by Robert Miklos
Hungarys economy   made by Robert MiklosHungarys economy   made by Robert Miklos
Hungarys economy made by Robert Miklosbeduinpower135
 
Stock Market Brief Deck for 3/22/2024.pdf
Stock Market Brief Deck for 3/22/2024.pdfStock Market Brief Deck for 3/22/2024.pdf
Stock Market Brief Deck for 3/22/2024.pdfMichael Silva
 
Buy and Sell Urban Tots unlisted shares.pptx
Buy and Sell Urban Tots unlisted shares.pptxBuy and Sell Urban Tots unlisted shares.pptx
Buy and Sell Urban Tots unlisted shares.pptxPrecize Formely Leadoff
 
Remembering my Totem _Unity is Strength_ growing in Bophuthatswana_Matthews B...
Remembering my Totem _Unity is Strength_ growing in Bophuthatswana_Matthews B...Remembering my Totem _Unity is Strength_ growing in Bophuthatswana_Matthews B...
Remembering my Totem _Unity is Strength_ growing in Bophuthatswana_Matthews B...Matthews Bantsijang
 
LIC PRIVATISATION its a bane or boon.pptx
LIC PRIVATISATION its a bane or boon.pptxLIC PRIVATISATION its a bane or boon.pptx
LIC PRIVATISATION its a bane or boon.pptxsonamyadav7097
 
Contracts with Interdependent Preferences
Contracts with Interdependent PreferencesContracts with Interdependent Preferences
Contracts with Interdependent PreferencesGRAPE
 
Introduction to Entrepreneurship and Characteristics of an Entrepreneur
Introduction to Entrepreneurship and Characteristics of an EntrepreneurIntroduction to Entrepreneurship and Characteristics of an Entrepreneur
Introduction to Entrepreneurship and Characteristics of an Entrepreneurabcisahunter
 
Sarlat Advisory - Corporate Brochure - 2024
Sarlat Advisory - Corporate Brochure - 2024Sarlat Advisory - Corporate Brochure - 2024
Sarlat Advisory - Corporate Brochure - 2024Guillaume Ⓥ Sarlat
 
MARKET FAILURE SITUATION IN THE ECONOMY.
MARKET FAILURE SITUATION IN THE ECONOMY.MARKET FAILURE SITUATION IN THE ECONOMY.
MARKET FAILURE SITUATION IN THE ECONOMY.Arifa Saeed
 
Taipei, A Hidden Jewel in East Asia - PR Strategy for Tourism
Taipei, A Hidden Jewel in East Asia - PR Strategy for TourismTaipei, A Hidden Jewel in East Asia - PR Strategy for Tourism
Taipei, A Hidden Jewel in East Asia - PR Strategy for TourismBrian Lin
 
The Power Laws of Bitcoin: How can an S-curve be a power law?
The Power Laws of Bitcoin: How can an S-curve be a power law?The Power Laws of Bitcoin: How can an S-curve be a power law?
The Power Laws of Bitcoin: How can an S-curve be a power law?Stephen Perrenod
 
Stock Market Brief Deck for March 26.pdf
Stock Market Brief Deck for March 26.pdfStock Market Brief Deck for March 26.pdf
Stock Market Brief Deck for March 26.pdfMichael Silva
 
The unequal battle of inflation and the appropriate sustainable solution | Eu...
The unequal battle of inflation and the appropriate sustainable solution | Eu...The unequal battle of inflation and the appropriate sustainable solution | Eu...
The unequal battle of inflation and the appropriate sustainable solution | Eu...Antonis Zairis
 

Recently uploaded (20)

Monthly Market Risk Update: March 2024 [SlideShare]
Monthly Market Risk Update: March 2024 [SlideShare]Monthly Market Risk Update: March 2024 [SlideShare]
Monthly Market Risk Update: March 2024 [SlideShare]
 
What Key Factors Should Risk Officers Consider When Using Generative AI
What Key Factors Should Risk Officers Consider When Using Generative AIWhat Key Factors Should Risk Officers Consider When Using Generative AI
What Key Factors Should Risk Officers Consider When Using Generative AI
 
New Monthly Enterprises Survey. Issue 21. (01.2024) Ukrainian Business in War...
New Monthly Enterprises Survey. Issue 21. (01.2024) Ukrainian Business in War...New Monthly Enterprises Survey. Issue 21. (01.2024) Ukrainian Business in War...
New Monthly Enterprises Survey. Issue 21. (01.2024) Ukrainian Business in War...
 
Lundin Gold March 2024 Corporate Presentation - PDAC v1.pdf
Lundin Gold March 2024 Corporate Presentation - PDAC v1.pdfLundin Gold March 2024 Corporate Presentation - PDAC v1.pdf
Lundin Gold March 2024 Corporate Presentation - PDAC v1.pdf
 
RWA Report 2024: Rise of Real-World Assets in Crypto | CoinGecko
RWA Report 2024: Rise of Real-World Assets in Crypto | CoinGeckoRWA Report 2024: Rise of Real-World Assets in Crypto | CoinGecko
RWA Report 2024: Rise of Real-World Assets in Crypto | CoinGecko
 
Hungarys economy made by Robert Miklos
Hungarys economy   made by Robert MiklosHungarys economy   made by Robert Miklos
Hungarys economy made by Robert Miklos
 
Effects & Policies Of Bank Consolidation
Effects & Policies Of Bank ConsolidationEffects & Policies Of Bank Consolidation
Effects & Policies Of Bank Consolidation
 
Stock Market Brief Deck for 3/22/2024.pdf
Stock Market Brief Deck for 3/22/2024.pdfStock Market Brief Deck for 3/22/2024.pdf
Stock Market Brief Deck for 3/22/2024.pdf
 
Buy and Sell Urban Tots unlisted shares.pptx
Buy and Sell Urban Tots unlisted shares.pptxBuy and Sell Urban Tots unlisted shares.pptx
Buy and Sell Urban Tots unlisted shares.pptx
 
Remembering my Totem _Unity is Strength_ growing in Bophuthatswana_Matthews B...
Remembering my Totem _Unity is Strength_ growing in Bophuthatswana_Matthews B...Remembering my Totem _Unity is Strength_ growing in Bophuthatswana_Matthews B...
Remembering my Totem _Unity is Strength_ growing in Bophuthatswana_Matthews B...
 
Commercial Bank Economic Capsule - March 2024
Commercial Bank Economic Capsule - March 2024Commercial Bank Economic Capsule - March 2024
Commercial Bank Economic Capsule - March 2024
 
LIC PRIVATISATION its a bane or boon.pptx
LIC PRIVATISATION its a bane or boon.pptxLIC PRIVATISATION its a bane or boon.pptx
LIC PRIVATISATION its a bane or boon.pptx
 
Contracts with Interdependent Preferences
Contracts with Interdependent PreferencesContracts with Interdependent Preferences
Contracts with Interdependent Preferences
 
Introduction to Entrepreneurship and Characteristics of an Entrepreneur
Introduction to Entrepreneurship and Characteristics of an EntrepreneurIntroduction to Entrepreneurship and Characteristics of an Entrepreneur
Introduction to Entrepreneurship and Characteristics of an Entrepreneur
 
Sarlat Advisory - Corporate Brochure - 2024
Sarlat Advisory - Corporate Brochure - 2024Sarlat Advisory - Corporate Brochure - 2024
Sarlat Advisory - Corporate Brochure - 2024
 
MARKET FAILURE SITUATION IN THE ECONOMY.
MARKET FAILURE SITUATION IN THE ECONOMY.MARKET FAILURE SITUATION IN THE ECONOMY.
MARKET FAILURE SITUATION IN THE ECONOMY.
 
Taipei, A Hidden Jewel in East Asia - PR Strategy for Tourism
Taipei, A Hidden Jewel in East Asia - PR Strategy for TourismTaipei, A Hidden Jewel in East Asia - PR Strategy for Tourism
Taipei, A Hidden Jewel in East Asia - PR Strategy for Tourism
 
The Power Laws of Bitcoin: How can an S-curve be a power law?
The Power Laws of Bitcoin: How can an S-curve be a power law?The Power Laws of Bitcoin: How can an S-curve be a power law?
The Power Laws of Bitcoin: How can an S-curve be a power law?
 
Stock Market Brief Deck for March 26.pdf
Stock Market Brief Deck for March 26.pdfStock Market Brief Deck for March 26.pdf
Stock Market Brief Deck for March 26.pdf
 
The unequal battle of inflation and the appropriate sustainable solution | Eu...
The unequal battle of inflation and the appropriate sustainable solution | Eu...The unequal battle of inflation and the appropriate sustainable solution | Eu...
The unequal battle of inflation and the appropriate sustainable solution | Eu...
 

Engineer Your Portfolio with ETFs

  • 2. By the end of November 2011, there were more than 1,400 different exchange traded funds (ETFs) accounting for over $1 trillion dollars invested.
  • 3. You’ve heard a lot about ETFs. They’re an easy and convenient way to “diversify your portfolio,” but how about the real questions… Which should I buy and how much?
  • 4. Harry Markowitz, PhD Why not ask a Nobel Modern Portfolio Theory (1952) Nobel Prize (1990) Prize winner? David Swensen, PhD … and the Chief Yale Endowment CIO (1985-present) Unconventional Success (2005) Investment Officer at Pioneering Portfolio Management (2009) Yale University?
  • 5. Harry Markowitz, PhD Modern Portfolio Theory (1952) Nobel Prize (1990) I invented it. Use Modern Portfolio Theory David Swensen, PhD Yale Endowment CIO (1985-present) Unconventional Success (2005) I wrote the Pioneering Portfolio Management (2009) book on it.
  • 6. A Quick Lesson in Modern Portfolio Theory Every investment has an expected return and some level of risk. Expected Return Risk
  • 7. A Quick Lesson in Modern Portfolio Theory Every investment has an expected return and some level of risk. Expected Return Stocks   Risk
  • 8. A Quick Lesson in Modern Portfolio Theory Every investment has an expected return and some level of risk. Expected Return Stocks   Bonds   Risk
  • 9. A Quick Lesson in Modern Portfolio Theory You can mix investments to get different combinations of expected return vs. risk. Expected Return Stocks   A  mix  of  Stocks   &  Bonds   Bonds   Risk
  • 10. A Quick Lesson in Modern Portfolio Theory There are an unlimited number of investments and combinations. Expected Return Risk
  • 11. A Quick Lesson in Modern Portfolio Theory There is a theoretical maximum expected return for each level of risk. Expected Return Risk
  • 12. A Quick Lesson in Modern Portfolio Theory The best combinations of investments form a curve known as the Efficient Frontier. Expected Return Risk
  • 13. A Quick Lesson in Modern Portfolio Theory The only way to get to the efficient frontier is by mixing uncorrelated asset classes. Expected Return Risk
  • 14. Modern Portfolio Theory If you synthesize the recommendations of experts and look at the practices of the best institutions, you come up with 6 core asset classes that are publicly accessible.   US Stocks   Natural Resources   Foreign Developed   Real Estate   Emerging Markets   Bonds Why not more? More asset classes don’t materially add more expected return with less risk for the effort. Additionally, they may not be uncorrelated or may have too much volatility.
  • 15. Modern Portfolio Theory Expected Return Risk Using Mean-Variance Optimization with the 6 asset classes allows you to find the optimal portfolio for each level of risk.
  • 16. Modern Portfolio Theory Expected Return Risk Bonds   US  Stock   Emerging  Markets   Foreign  Developed   Real  Estate   Natural  Resources   100% 90% 80% 70% 60% Which gives us an asset allocation for 50% 40% each point along the Efficient Frontier. 30% 20% 10% 0%
  • 17. Modern Portfolio Theory Expected Return ? Risk Bonds   US  Stock   Emerging  Markets   Foreign  Developed   Real  Estate   Natural  Resources   100% 90% 80% 70% Now, find the 60% 50% portfolio that has 40% the right amount of 30% 20% risk for you. 10% 0% 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Less More Overall Risk
  • 18. To find your risk tolerance, you need to measure your subjective willingness and your objective ability to take risk. Using tools on the internet, map your risk tolerance to any scale you choose. Also, lower your score if you find yourself providing answers that conflict with each other. Subjective Score 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Less Risk More Risk Objective Score 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Less Risk More Risk
  • 19. Subjective Risk Tolerance Take a risk questionnaire to identify your comfort with the risks of investing. Note: Most questionnaires will likely end with a portfolio recommendation with a different set of asset classes than we recommend. Your real goal is to figure out where in the risk spectrum you fall so you can map it back to the Efficient Frontier. Subjective Score 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Less Risk More Risk Examples https://personal.vanguard.com/us/funds/tools/recommendation http://www.schwabmoneywise.com/public/moneywise/calculators_tools/questionnaire
  • 20. Objective Risk Tolerance Use a financial planning tool to ensure you’ll have more investment income than spending needs when you retire. The lower your investment income relative to your spending needs, the less risk you can take. Objective Score 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Less Risk More Risk Example http://www.smartmoney.com/retirement/planner/
  • 21. Your Overall Risk Tolerance Score is the minimum of your subjective and objective risk scores. Using this score to help design your portfolio will help you avoid risk that you are unwilling or unable to take. Subjective Score 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Less Risk More Risk Objective Score 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Less Risk More Risk Overall Score 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Less Risk More Risk
  • 22. Plot Your Risk Level Expected Return You are here. Risk Bonds   US  Stock   Emerging  Markets   Foreign  Developed   Real  Estate   Natural  Resources   100% 90% 80% 70% 60% 50% 40% 30% 20% 10% 0% 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Less More Overall Risk
  • 23. Back to choosing ETFs… We need to pick ETFs that represent each of the 6 core asset classes and buy them in percentages dictated by your risk tolerance. Now which ETFs should I buy?
  • 24. Selecting ETFs Filtering the universe of all ETFs only to candidates that represent the core asset classes gives you about 100 to choose from. The rest will be ranked by three important characteristics.
  • 25. Selecting ETFs Three Important Characteristics   Low Costs – favorable expenses   Minimal Tracking Error – matches the underlying index closely   Market Liquidity – can be traded quickly and easily Many investors look at expenses but neglect to look at tracking error and liquidity.
  • 26. That’s how we got to our current recommendations: ( which you can also find at www.wealthfront.com )   US Stocks – VTI   Foreign Stocks – VEA   Emerging Markets – VWO   Real Estate – VNQ   Natural Resources – DJP   Bonds – BND Wealthfront regularly surveys the ETF landscape and ranks ETFs in each asset class using the criteria described in the prior slide. Vanguard ETFs often come out on top. Wealthfront receives no compensation for recommending Vanguard products or any other ETFs.
  • 28. Harry Markowitz, PhD Modern Portfolio Theory (1952) Nobel Prize (1990) David Swensen, PhD Yale Endowment CIO (1985-present) Now you Unconventional Success (2005) Pioneering Portfolio Management (2009) have to maintain it!
  • 29. Rebalancing The value of your investments will naturally drift over time as the market moves. 2012 Expected Return 2011 Example •  Green increases in value. •  Yellow decreases in value. •  Blue stays the same. Risk
  • 30. Rebalancing The new mix of asset classes will have a different risk and expected return. 2012 Expected Return 2011 Additional Risk Risk
  • 31. Rebalancing Rebalance your portfolio to get back to your desired risk level with the highest expected return. Expected Return Rebalance Risk
  • 32. Rebalancing Time-based or Threshold-based You can rebalance based on a variety of criteria. Some choose to rebalance after a predefined duration. We recommend rebalancing whenever any asset class deviates from a portfolio’s allocation by more than a certain percentage, depending on the type of account.   For tax-deferred accounts: 4-6%   For taxable account: 6-10% … but with the following caveats
  • 33. Rebalancing Considerations Keep in mind…   Tax implications   Impact of commissions   Changes in your risk profile Most individual investors don’t rebalance because they struggle with these issues.
  • 34. To Recap:   Construct the Efficient Frontier Allocate to the six core asset classes, select low-cost ETFs, and allocate optimally   Place your portfolio on the Efficient Frontier Understand your subjective willingness and objective ability to take risk and find the portfolio that’s right for you   Keep your portfolio on the Efficient Frontier Rebalance your portfolio weighing taxes, commissions and changes in your risk profile
  • 35. Want us to do this for you? Visit .com to get started.
  • 36. Disclosures Nothing in this presentation should be construed as a solicitation or offer, or recommendation, to buy or sell any security. Photographs do not depict actual Wealthfront clients. Financial advisory services are only provided to investors who become Wealthfront clients pursuant to a written agreement, which investors are urged to read and carefully consider in determining whether such agreement is suitable for their individual facts and circumstances. Past performance is no guarantee of future results, and any hypothetical returns, expected returns, or probability projections may not reflect actual future performance. Investors should review Wealthfront’s website for additional information about advisory services.

Editor's Notes

  1. Add the thresholds for accounts