1. Asha Vasantha
Vinod Prajapati
Nov 3rd 2014

2. Introduction
 CBT was primarily developed through an integration
of behaviour therapy (the term "behaviour
modification" appears to have been first used by
Edward Thorndike) with cognitive psychology
research, first by Donald Meichenbaum and several
other authors with the label of cognitive behaviour
modification in the late 1970s
 Cognitive behavioural therapy (CBT) is a form of
treatment that focuses on examining the relationships
between thoughts, feelings and behaviours.

3.  CBT has been demonstrated to be effective for the
treatment of a variety of conditions
including mood, anxiety, personality, eating,
substance abuse, and psychotic disorders.
 CBT is a type of psychotherapy that is different from
traditional psychodynamic psychotherapy in that the
therapist and the patient will actively work together to
help the patient recover from their mental illness

4. Special application of CBT
 Anxiety disorders
 Schizophrenia
 Psychosis and
 Mood disorders
 With older adults
 Other mental illness.

5. Method of access.
 Therapist
A typical CBT programme would consist of face-to-
face sessions between patient and therapist, made up of 6-18
sessions of around an hour each with a gap of a 1–3 weeks
between sessions.
This initial programme might be followed by some booster
sessions, for instance after one month and three months.

6.  Computerized or Internet-Delivered
Computerized cognitive behavioural therapy (CCBT) has
been described by NICE as a "generic term for delivering
CBT via an interactive computer interface delivered by a
personal computer, internet, or interactive voice response
system", instead of face-to-face with a human therapist. It is
also known as internet-delivered cognitive behavioural
therapy or ICBT

7.  Reading self-help materials
Enabling patients to read self-help CBT guides has been
shown to be effective by some studies. However one study
found a negative effect in patients who tended to ruminate
and another meta-analysis found that the benefit was only
significant when the self-help was guided (e.g. by a medical
professional)
 Group educational course
Patient participation in group courses has been shown to be
effective

8. Types of CBT
 Brief cognitive behavioural therapy
Brief CBT is the compression of CBT material and the
reduction of the average 12-20 sessions into 4 - 8 sessions.
In Brief CBT the concentration is on specific treatments for
a limited number of the patient’s problems.
Specificity of the treatment is required because of the
limited number of sessions and because the patient is
required to be diligent in using extra reading materials and
homework to assist in his or her therapeutic growth.

9.  Cognitive emotional behavioural therapy
Cognitive emotional behavioural therapy (CEBT) is a form
of CBT developed initially for individuals with eating
disorders but now used with a range of problems including
anxiety, depression, obsessive compulsive disorder , post
traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) and anger problems.
It combines aspects of CBT and Dialectical Behavioural
Therapy and aims to improve understanding and tolerance of
emotions in order to facilitate the therapeutic process. It is
frequently used as a 'pretreatment' to prepare and better
equip individuals for longer term therapy.

10.  Structured cognitive behavioural training
Structured Cognitive Behavioural Training is a step-by-step
process designed to produce permanent lifestyle
transformation without the frustration and misery that
accompanies unsustainable willpower-based behaviour
change methodologies.

11. Uses of CBT
 In adults
• Anxiety disorders
• Depression
• Eating disorders
• Chronic low back pain
• Personality disorders
• Psychosis
• Schizophrenia
• Substance use disorders
• Post-spinal cord injuries

12.  In children or adolescents
• Body dysmorphic disorder
• Depression and suicidality
• Eating disorders and obesity
• Obsessive–compulsive disorder,
• Posttraumatic stress disorder
• Other repetitive behaviour disorders.

13. Aim of CBT
 The aim of therapy is to work in a collaborative way
with therapist in identifying and developing new skills
and life changes, so that ultimately it become own
therapist so when problems arise in the future can
equipped to deal with the situation in a new and more
helpful way.

14. Problems with CBT
 CBT is not a quick fix. A therapist is like a personal
trainer that advises and encourages but cannot 'do' it for
you.
 If you are feeling low, it can be difficult to concentrate and
get motivated.
 To overcome anxiety, you need to confront it. This may
lead you to feel more anxious for a short time.
 A good therapist will pace your sessions. You decide what
you do together, so you stay in control.

15. Advantages of CBT
 CBT are very instructive
When clients / patients understand how to counsel themselves
rationally, they have confidence that they will continue to do
well. For this reason, It teach their clients rational self-
counceling skills.
 CBT emphasize getting better, rather than feeling
better.
By correcting problematic underlying assumptions, CBT creates
long-term results since the cause of the problem is corrected.
 CBT are cross-cultural.
They are based on universal laws of human behaviour. They also
focus on the client's goals, rather than attempting to impose the
therapist's goals on the client.

16.  CBT are shorter-term.
The average number of sessions that people spend in
cognitive-behavioural therapy, across the various approaches
to CBT and problems, is 16. There are those people who
require more sessions (sometimes many more), but the
average is 16 sessions.
 CBT are structured
 CBT are adaptive
The fundamental principle of CBT is that thoughts
(cognitions) cause our feelings and behaviours.

17. Disadvantages
 To benefit from CBT, you need to commit yourself to the
process. A therapist can help and advise you, but cannot
make your problems go away without your co-operation.
 Attending regular CBT sessions and carrying out any extra
work between sessions can take up a lot of your time.
 Due to the structured nature of CBT, it may not be suitable
for people with more complex mental health needs or
learning difficulties.

18.  As CBT can involve confronting your emotions and
anxieties, you may experience initial periods where you
are more anxious or emotionally uncomfortable.
 Some critics argue that because CBT only addresses
current problems and focuses on specific issues, it does
not address the possible underlying causes of mental
health conditions, such as an unhappy childhood.
 CBT focuses on the individual’s capacity to change
themselves (their thoughts, feelings and behaviours), and
does not address wider problems in systems or families
that often have a significant impact on an individual’s
health and wellbeing.