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Software for Critical Path
in PERT Chart (Network Diagram) or Gantt Chart
   Presented to          Presented by
   Mr Amar Tiwari        Garima Joshi
   Associate Professor   Vinay Prajapati
   NIFT, Gandhinagar     MFTech, Sem-III
                         NIFT, Gandhinagar
Network
Diagram
          Task                                         Node
                           D=4
                 2                       5
    A=1                                          H=6
                     E=5
          B=2                      F=4                    J=3
1                3                               6              8


                                                 I=2
          C=3
                 4                           7
                           G=6



                            Task Duration
PERT Chart
  Background
∞PERT stands for Program Evaluation & Review
 Technique.
∞PERT chart is a task and event oriented
 technique.
∞PERT was developed by consultants at Booz
 Allen Hamilton for the U.S. Navy in 1957 to
 support the development of missile programs.
PERT Chart
  Uses
∞To plan, analyze and coordinate tasks within a
 project.
∞PERT is used in projects where time rather
 than cost is the major consideration.
∞Useful for organizing tasks and establishing
 time frames, and for showing tasks that
 depend on other tasks.
PERT Chart
   Merits
∞Gives a clear way of representing the
 dependencies and order of work/tasks to be
 completed.
∞PERT is helpful to plan what tasks can go on
 simultaneously to reduce time.
∞Allows identification of the critical path and the
 minimum time needed to complete the total
 project.
∞Provides for potentially reduced project duration
 due to better understanding of dependencies.
Project
   Network
∞ Activity-on-node (AON)
   - Nodes represent activities, and
   arrows show precedence                           Node
   relationships
∞ Activity-on-arrow (AOA)
   - Arrows represent activities and   1    2              3
   nodes are events for points in
   time
∞ Event                                    Branch
   - Completion or beginning of an
   activity in a project
Critical
  Path


Definition   The longest path through a
             PERT chart/Network diagram
             and determines the shortest
             time to complete the project
Slack/
  Float
                The amount of time an activity can be
TOTAL SLACK     delayed without delaying the project
                end date

                The amount of time an activity can be
FREE SLACK      delayed without delaying the early start
                date of its successor(s)

PROJECT SLACK   The amount of time a Project can be
                delayed without delaying the externally
                imposed project completion date
                required by the customer
Slack/Float
  Calculation
                                                    Forward
                   ES                      EF       Pass


                        Slack/Float

Backward           LS                       LF
Pass


ES: Early Start                Slack/Float= LS-ES
LS: Late Start                 Slack/Float= EF-LF
EF: Early Finish
LF: Late Finish
Critical Path
       Example
                                       D=4
                            2                          5
             A=1                                               H=6
                                 E=5
                   B=2                           F=4                    J=3
         1                  3                                  6                   8


                                                               I=2
                   C=3
                            4                              7
                                       G=6

Path 1: A-D-H-J    Length=1+4+6+3=14 day     Since the critical path is the longest path
Path 2: B-E-H-J    Length=2+5+6+3=16 day     through the network diagram, Path 2,
Path 3: B-F-J      Length=2+4+3=9 day        B-E-H-J, is the critical path.
Path 4: C-G-I-J    Length=3+6+2+3=14 day
Gantt
Chart


        Important events
        of zero duration
Gantt Chart
  Background
∞A Gantt chart is a graphical representation of
 the duration of tasks against the progression
 of time.
∞A Gantt chart is a useful tool for planning and
 scheduling projects.
∞The chart is named after Henry Gantt, who
 developed it between1910 and1915.
Gantt Chart
   Uses
∞A Gantt Chart helps to visualize and plan project
 tasks with start and finish dates.
∞ A Gantt chart is helpful when monitoring a project's
  progress.
∞Gantt Charts are able to show the dependency
 relationships between tasks, the critical path, and
 the current completion status.
Gantt Chart
   Merits
∞Gives a clear way of representing the
 dependencies and order of work/tasks to be
 completed.
∞Gantt is helpful to plan what tasks can go on
 simultaneously to reduce time.
∞Allows identification of the critical path and the
 minimum time needed to complete the total
 project.
∞Allows both planning and monitoring/control.
Task
Dependencies
Gantt Chart
Example
                                              Sample Work Breakdown Structure
                                                                    Immediate
                                          Activity       Duration   Predecessor
                                            A              14       Start of Project
                                            B               3       Start of Project
                     14
                                            C               3           A,B
Task A                                      D               7             B
             3                              E               4           C,D
Task B                                      F              10             E
                              3
Task C
                      7
                                                     31
Task D                                4

Task E                                         10

Task F   .       .    .   .   .   .       .     .    .
                                  Time
Microsoft
Project 2010
Setup
   MS Project 2010
∞ Select File, Options, click on “Schedule” tab
∞ For Calendar options for this project: “Select “All New
  Projects”
∞ For Scheduling options for this project: select “All New
  Projects”
∞ For New Tasks Created: select “Auto Scheduled”
∞ For Duration is entered in: select “weeks”
∞ For default task type: select “fixed duration”
∞ Make sure New tasks are effort driven is NOT checked
∞ Click OK when finished
Setup
MS Project 2010
Creating
   First Project
∞ Click on Project, Project Information, select
  10/3/11 as the Start date, click OK
∞ Click on Save as, type in project name such as
  Demo, click OK
∞ Your project is saved as Project1.mpp
Creating
First Project
Example
       Project
Task, Duration, and Immediate Predecessor Information for Construction Project
                                                IMMEDIATE           DURATION
TASK             DESCRIPTION                    PREDECESSORS        (WEEKS)
1                START                          --                  0
2                Excavate and Pour Footers      1                   3
3                Pour Concrete Foundation       2                   1
4                Erect Rough Wall & Roof        3                   4
5                Install Siding                 4                   6
6                Install Plumbing               4                   3
7                Install Electrical             4                   4
8                Install Wallboard              6,7                 5
9                Lay Flooring                   8                   6
10               Do Interior Painting           8                   3
11               Install Interior Fixtures      9,10                3
12               Install Gutters & Downspouts   5                   2
13               Do Grading & Landscaping       12                  3
14               FINISH                         11,13               0
Entering
    Task Information
∞ Default view, Entry table on left, Gantt Chart on right
∞ You can delete the two left-most columns, “i” and “task
  mode” by highlighting these columns and pressing the
  “delete” key (not needed by us)
   - Task numbers now in left-most column
∞ Enter task name and duration in their field
   - The default is weeks or “w”
   - “d” for days and “h” for hours can be used
∞ Enter predecessor task number(s) in the “Predecessors”
  field
∞ MS Project automatically gives start and finish dates based
  on critical path analysis
Entering
Task Information
Task
    Information
Double-clicking on a task name opens the Task Information” screen
Project
   Charts
∞ The Gantt Chart view shows task linkages
  - Since START and FINISH are dummy activities with 0
  duration, they are milestones in MS Project (black
  diamonds)
  - Right-click on dates in the chart and then “zoom” as
  desired
∞ Change view to Network Diagram by clicking on
  “View” in the menu and then select “Network
  Diagram” (zoom as desired)
Gantt
Chart
Network
Diagram
Analysis
  Critical Path
∞ MS Project 2010 automatically computes the
  critical path and the earliest and latest start and
  finish times and slack

∞ Project, Project Information, Statistics shows the
  critical path is 26 weeks in our project
Length
Critical Path
Analysis
  Critical Path
∞ Use the “Detail Gantt” to best display the critical
  path
   - Select “View”, “Other Views”, “More Views”, “Detail
   Gantt” then “Apply”
∞ Use the “Schedule Table” to display all of the early
  and late start and finish information, along with
  total and free slack
   - Again from “View”, select “Table”, and then
   “Schedule”
Schedule Table
& Detailed Gantt
Analysis
   Critical Path
∞ Critical path tasks can be identified as those have zero
  total slack (TS) or float
   - TS = LF – EF = LS – ES
   - The TS of only 1 task can be used if we want to be certain
   about not delaying the project
∞ Free slack (FS) of a task is the difference between the
  smallest of the ES’s of the task’s immediate successors
  and the task’s EF.
   - Using FS does not affect the start times of a task’s
   successors
   - FS <= TS
   - FS of multiple tasks can be used without delaying the
   project
∞ FS is shown on the Detail Gantt
Analysis
    Critical Path
∞ Notice that tasks 12 and 13 both have 7 weeks of total
  slack
∞ However, if task 12 uses this slack, it is not available to task
  13, so its slack is not free
   - Tasks 12 and 13 are linked, so delaying the start of 12 delays
   the start of 13 by the same amount
Summary
   Tasks
∞ Summary tasks can be used to better organize a
  project (see constructions.mpp)
∞ We add three summary tasks: Structure, Interior,
  and Exterior
∞ Structure includes current tasks 2 – 4, Interior
  includes 6 – 11, Exterior includes 5, 12, 13
∞ Example: highlight “Excavate and Pour Footers,” click
  on “Tasks”, click on” Summary,” enter “Structure”
   - Indent first three tasks under “Structure” by
   highlighting them and selecting “indent” (thick green
   arrow going to the right)
Creating
Summary Tasks
Video
   Tutorials
Introduction to Microsoft Project 2010 Part 1 of 2 [OPEN]
Introduction to Microsoft Project 2010 Part 2 of 2 [OPEN]
Microsoft Project 2010 Video Training Tutorial - Creating a Project [OPEN]
Microsoft Project 2010 Video Training Tutorial - The Workspace - Part 1 [OPEN]
Microsoft Project 2010 Video Training Tutorial - The Workspace - Part 2 [OPEN]
Microsoft Project 2010 Video Training Tutorial - Tracking Costs [OPEN]
Project 2010 - Create a Project Plan [OPEN]
Tour of the Microsoft Project 2010 Interface [OPEN]
Thank You!

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Project Management Through Gantt & Pert Chart

  • 1. Software for Critical Path in PERT Chart (Network Diagram) or Gantt Chart Presented to Presented by Mr Amar Tiwari Garima Joshi Associate Professor Vinay Prajapati NIFT, Gandhinagar MFTech, Sem-III NIFT, Gandhinagar
  • 2. Network Diagram Task Node D=4 2 5 A=1 H=6 E=5 B=2 F=4 J=3 1 3 6 8 I=2 C=3 4 7 G=6 Task Duration
  • 3. PERT Chart Background ∞PERT stands for Program Evaluation & Review Technique. ∞PERT chart is a task and event oriented technique. ∞PERT was developed by consultants at Booz Allen Hamilton for the U.S. Navy in 1957 to support the development of missile programs.
  • 4. PERT Chart Uses ∞To plan, analyze and coordinate tasks within a project. ∞PERT is used in projects where time rather than cost is the major consideration. ∞Useful for organizing tasks and establishing time frames, and for showing tasks that depend on other tasks.
  • 5. PERT Chart Merits ∞Gives a clear way of representing the dependencies and order of work/tasks to be completed. ∞PERT is helpful to plan what tasks can go on simultaneously to reduce time. ∞Allows identification of the critical path and the minimum time needed to complete the total project. ∞Provides for potentially reduced project duration due to better understanding of dependencies.
  • 6. Project Network ∞ Activity-on-node (AON) - Nodes represent activities, and arrows show precedence Node relationships ∞ Activity-on-arrow (AOA) - Arrows represent activities and 1 2 3 nodes are events for points in time ∞ Event Branch - Completion or beginning of an activity in a project
  • 7. Critical Path Definition The longest path through a PERT chart/Network diagram and determines the shortest time to complete the project
  • 8. Slack/ Float The amount of time an activity can be TOTAL SLACK delayed without delaying the project end date The amount of time an activity can be FREE SLACK delayed without delaying the early start date of its successor(s) PROJECT SLACK The amount of time a Project can be delayed without delaying the externally imposed project completion date required by the customer
  • 9. Slack/Float Calculation Forward ES EF Pass Slack/Float Backward LS LF Pass ES: Early Start Slack/Float= LS-ES LS: Late Start Slack/Float= EF-LF EF: Early Finish LF: Late Finish
  • 10. Critical Path Example D=4 2 5 A=1 H=6 E=5 B=2 F=4 J=3 1 3 6 8 I=2 C=3 4 7 G=6 Path 1: A-D-H-J Length=1+4+6+3=14 day Since the critical path is the longest path Path 2: B-E-H-J Length=2+5+6+3=16 day through the network diagram, Path 2, Path 3: B-F-J Length=2+4+3=9 day B-E-H-J, is the critical path. Path 4: C-G-I-J Length=3+6+2+3=14 day
  • 11. Gantt Chart Important events of zero duration
  • 12. Gantt Chart Background ∞A Gantt chart is a graphical representation of the duration of tasks against the progression of time. ∞A Gantt chart is a useful tool for planning and scheduling projects. ∞The chart is named after Henry Gantt, who developed it between1910 and1915.
  • 13. Gantt Chart Uses ∞A Gantt Chart helps to visualize and plan project tasks with start and finish dates. ∞ A Gantt chart is helpful when monitoring a project's progress. ∞Gantt Charts are able to show the dependency relationships between tasks, the critical path, and the current completion status.
  • 14. Gantt Chart Merits ∞Gives a clear way of representing the dependencies and order of work/tasks to be completed. ∞Gantt is helpful to plan what tasks can go on simultaneously to reduce time. ∞Allows identification of the critical path and the minimum time needed to complete the total project. ∞Allows both planning and monitoring/control.
  • 16. Gantt Chart Example Sample Work Breakdown Structure Immediate Activity Duration Predecessor A 14 Start of Project B 3 Start of Project 14 C 3 A,B Task A D 7 B 3 E 4 C,D Task B F 10 E 3 Task C 7 31 Task D 4 Task E 10 Task F . . . . . . . . . Time
  • 18. Setup MS Project 2010 ∞ Select File, Options, click on “Schedule” tab ∞ For Calendar options for this project: “Select “All New Projects” ∞ For Scheduling options for this project: select “All New Projects” ∞ For New Tasks Created: select “Auto Scheduled” ∞ For Duration is entered in: select “weeks” ∞ For default task type: select “fixed duration” ∞ Make sure New tasks are effort driven is NOT checked ∞ Click OK when finished
  • 20. Creating First Project ∞ Click on Project, Project Information, select 10/3/11 as the Start date, click OK ∞ Click on Save as, type in project name such as Demo, click OK ∞ Your project is saved as Project1.mpp
  • 22. Example Project Task, Duration, and Immediate Predecessor Information for Construction Project IMMEDIATE DURATION TASK DESCRIPTION PREDECESSORS (WEEKS) 1 START -- 0 2 Excavate and Pour Footers 1 3 3 Pour Concrete Foundation 2 1 4 Erect Rough Wall & Roof 3 4 5 Install Siding 4 6 6 Install Plumbing 4 3 7 Install Electrical 4 4 8 Install Wallboard 6,7 5 9 Lay Flooring 8 6 10 Do Interior Painting 8 3 11 Install Interior Fixtures 9,10 3 12 Install Gutters & Downspouts 5 2 13 Do Grading & Landscaping 12 3 14 FINISH 11,13 0
  • 23. Entering Task Information ∞ Default view, Entry table on left, Gantt Chart on right ∞ You can delete the two left-most columns, “i” and “task mode” by highlighting these columns and pressing the “delete” key (not needed by us) - Task numbers now in left-most column ∞ Enter task name and duration in their field - The default is weeks or “w” - “d” for days and “h” for hours can be used ∞ Enter predecessor task number(s) in the “Predecessors” field ∞ MS Project automatically gives start and finish dates based on critical path analysis
  • 25. Task Information Double-clicking on a task name opens the Task Information” screen
  • 26. Project Charts ∞ The Gantt Chart view shows task linkages - Since START and FINISH are dummy activities with 0 duration, they are milestones in MS Project (black diamonds) - Right-click on dates in the chart and then “zoom” as desired ∞ Change view to Network Diagram by clicking on “View” in the menu and then select “Network Diagram” (zoom as desired)
  • 29. Analysis Critical Path ∞ MS Project 2010 automatically computes the critical path and the earliest and latest start and finish times and slack ∞ Project, Project Information, Statistics shows the critical path is 26 weeks in our project
  • 31. Analysis Critical Path ∞ Use the “Detail Gantt” to best display the critical path - Select “View”, “Other Views”, “More Views”, “Detail Gantt” then “Apply” ∞ Use the “Schedule Table” to display all of the early and late start and finish information, along with total and free slack - Again from “View”, select “Table”, and then “Schedule”
  • 33. Analysis Critical Path ∞ Critical path tasks can be identified as those have zero total slack (TS) or float - TS = LF – EF = LS – ES - The TS of only 1 task can be used if we want to be certain about not delaying the project ∞ Free slack (FS) of a task is the difference between the smallest of the ES’s of the task’s immediate successors and the task’s EF. - Using FS does not affect the start times of a task’s successors - FS <= TS - FS of multiple tasks can be used without delaying the project ∞ FS is shown on the Detail Gantt
  • 34. Analysis Critical Path ∞ Notice that tasks 12 and 13 both have 7 weeks of total slack ∞ However, if task 12 uses this slack, it is not available to task 13, so its slack is not free - Tasks 12 and 13 are linked, so delaying the start of 12 delays the start of 13 by the same amount
  • 35. Summary Tasks ∞ Summary tasks can be used to better organize a project (see constructions.mpp) ∞ We add three summary tasks: Structure, Interior, and Exterior ∞ Structure includes current tasks 2 – 4, Interior includes 6 – 11, Exterior includes 5, 12, 13 ∞ Example: highlight “Excavate and Pour Footers,” click on “Tasks”, click on” Summary,” enter “Structure” - Indent first three tasks under “Structure” by highlighting them and selecting “indent” (thick green arrow going to the right)
  • 37. Video Tutorials Introduction to Microsoft Project 2010 Part 1 of 2 [OPEN] Introduction to Microsoft Project 2010 Part 2 of 2 [OPEN] Microsoft Project 2010 Video Training Tutorial - Creating a Project [OPEN] Microsoft Project 2010 Video Training Tutorial - The Workspace - Part 1 [OPEN] Microsoft Project 2010 Video Training Tutorial - The Workspace - Part 2 [OPEN] Microsoft Project 2010 Video Training Tutorial - Tracking Costs [OPEN] Project 2010 - Create a Project Plan [OPEN] Tour of the Microsoft Project 2010 Interface [OPEN]