SlideShare una empresa de Scribd logo
1 de 103
Descargar para leer sin conexión
Mr. Tejas Pandya
M.Sc Nursing
Child Health Nursing
Parul Institute of Nursing
Congenital Heart Defects
Congenital Heart Defects
Congenital Heart Defects
Congenital Heart Defects
Congenital Heart Defects
Congenital Heart Defects
Congenital Heart Defects
Congenital Heart Defects
Congenital Heart Defects
Congenital Heart Defects
Congenital Heart Defects • The word "congenital" means existing at birth. The
terms "congenital heart defect" and "congenital heart
disease" are often used to mean the same thing, but
"defect" is more accurate.
• Anatomic malformation of the heart or great vessels
which occurs during intrauterine development,
irrespective of the age at presentation.
• Congenital heart disease occurs in approximately 0.8%
of live births.
• The incidence is higher in stillborns (3-4%),
spontaneous abortuses (10-25%), and premature
infants (about 2% excluding patent ductusarteriosus
[PDA]
Congenital Heart Defects
Congenital Heart Defects
Congenital Heart Defects
Congenital Heart Defects
Congenital Heart Defects
Congenital Heart Defects
Congenital Heart Defects
Congenital Heart Defects
Congenital Heart Defects
Congenital Heart Defects
Congenital Heart Defects
Congenital Heart Defects
Congenital Heart Defects
Congenital Heart Defects
Congenital Heart Defects
Congenital Heart Defects
Congenital Heart Defects
Congenital Heart Defects
Congenital Heart Defects
Congenital Heart Defects
Congenital Heart Defects
Congenital Heart Defects
Congenital Heart Defects
Congenital Heart Defects
Congenital Heart Defects
Congenital Heart Defects
Congenital Heart Defects
Congenital Heart Defects
Congenital Heart Defects
Congenital Heart Defects
Congenital Heart Defects
Congenital Heart Defects
Congenital Heart Defects
Congenital Heart Defects
Congenital Heart Defects
Congenital Heart Defects
Congenital Heart Defects
Congenital Heart Defects
Congenital Heart Defects
Congenital Heart Defects
Congenital Heart Defects
Congenital Heart Defects
Congenital Heart Defects
Congenital Heart Defects
Congenital Heart Defects
Congenital Heart Defects
Congenital Heart Defects
Congenital Heart Defects
Congenital Heart Defects
Congenital Heart Defects
Congenital Heart Defects
Congenital Heart Defects
Congenital Heart Defects
Congenital Heart Defects
Congenital Heart Defects
Congenital Heart Defects
Congenital Heart Defects
Congenital Heart Defects
Congenital Heart Defects
Congenital Heart Defects
Congenital Heart Defects
Incidences
• Patent ductus arteriosus is the most common congenital heart defect among adults.
• PDA is found in 1 of every 2, 500 to 5, 000 infants.
• It affects twice as many females as males.
Causes
• Normally, the ductus arteriosus closes within days to weeks after birth, and the
failure to close may be attributed to the following factors:
• Prematurity. PDA is most prevalent in premature neonates, probably as a result of
abnormalities in oxygenation.
• Prostaglandin E. The relaxant action of prostaglandin E prevents ductal spasm and
contracture necessary for closure.
• Other congenital defects. PDA commonly accompanies rubella syndrome and may
be associated with other congenital defects, such as coarctation of the aorta,
ventricular septal defect, and pulmonary and aortic stenosis.
Clinical Manifestations:
• Respiratory distress.
• Heart failure.
• Low immune system.
• Slow motor development.
• Physical underdevelopment.
• Heart murmur.
• Bounding peripheral pulses.
• Widened pulse pressure.
• Failure to thrive.
• Frequently respiratory infection.
• Dyspnea
• Chest pain
• Hoarseness of voice.
Congenital Heart Defects
Congenital Heart Defects
Congenital Heart Defects
Congenital Heart Defects
Nursing Diagnosis:
• Decreased cardiac output r / t cardiac malformations.
• Impaired gas exchange r / t pulmonary congestion.
• Activity intolerance r / t imbalance between oxygen consumption by the body,
and the supply of oxygen to the cells.
• Altered Growth and Development r / t inadequate supply of oxygen and
nutrients to the tissues.
• Imbalanced Nutrition, Less Than Body Requirements r / t fatigue at mealtime
and increased caloric needs.
• Risk for infection r / t decrease in health status.
Congenital Heart Defects
Congenital Heart Defects
Congenital Heart Defects
Congenital Heart Defects
Congenital Heart Defects
Congenital Heart Defects
Congenital Heart Defects
Congenital Heart Defects
Congenital Heart Defects
Congenital Heart Defects
Congenital Heart Defects
Congenital Heart Defects
Congenital Heart Defects
Congenital Heart Defects
Congenital Heart Defects
Congenital Heart Defects
Congenital Heart Defects
Congenital Heart Defects
Congenital Heart Defects
Congenital Heart Defects
Congenital Heart Defects
Congenital Heart Defects
Congenital Heart Defects
Congenital Heart Defects

Más contenido relacionado

La actualidad más candente

La actualidad más candente (20)

Cardiac tamponade
Cardiac tamponadeCardiac tamponade
Cardiac tamponade
 
coronary artery disease
coronary artery diseasecoronary artery disease
coronary artery disease
 
Restrictive cardiomyopathy
Restrictive cardiomyopathyRestrictive cardiomyopathy
Restrictive cardiomyopathy
 
Cardiomyopathy
CardiomyopathyCardiomyopathy
Cardiomyopathy
 
Coarctation of aorta
Coarctation of aorta  Coarctation of aorta
Coarctation of aorta
 
Rheumatic heart disease
Rheumatic heart diseaseRheumatic heart disease
Rheumatic heart disease
 
Aneurysms & dissection 7
Aneurysms & dissection 7Aneurysms & dissection 7
Aneurysms & dissection 7
 
Pediatric pulmonary hypertension
Pediatric pulmonary hypertension Pediatric pulmonary hypertension
Pediatric pulmonary hypertension
 
Corpulmonale
CorpulmonaleCorpulmonale
Corpulmonale
 
HEART FAILURE
HEART FAILUREHEART FAILURE
HEART FAILURE
 
Myocarditis
MyocarditisMyocarditis
Myocarditis
 
Constrictive pericarditis
Constrictive pericarditisConstrictive pericarditis
Constrictive pericarditis
 
Heart failure
Heart failureHeart failure
Heart failure
 
Cardiac dyrrythmias
Cardiac dyrrythmiasCardiac dyrrythmias
Cardiac dyrrythmias
 
Heart failure
Heart failureHeart failure
Heart failure
 
Coronary artery disease (cad)
Coronary artery disease (cad)Coronary artery disease (cad)
Coronary artery disease (cad)
 
Truncus Arteriosus
Truncus Arteriosus Truncus Arteriosus
Truncus Arteriosus
 
Valvular Heart Diseases
Valvular Heart DiseasesValvular Heart Diseases
Valvular Heart Diseases
 
Myocarditis
MyocarditisMyocarditis
Myocarditis
 
Myocardial Infarction
Myocardial InfarctionMyocardial Infarction
Myocardial Infarction
 

Similar a Congenital Heart Defects

2.CHD1.pptx
2.CHD1.pptx2.CHD1.pptx
2.CHD1.pptxBiniam24
 
The Great Arteries Case Study
The Great Arteries Case StudyThe Great Arteries Case Study
The Great Arteries Case StudyBeth Salazar
 
Aging disoder and orthopedics disorders
Aging disoder and orthopedics disordersAging disoder and orthopedics disorders
Aging disoder and orthopedics disordersdyana lee
 
Critical congenital heart diseases
Critical congenital heart diseases  Critical congenital heart diseases
Critical congenital heart diseases Vaishnavi S Nair
 
Congenital heart diseases
Congenital heart diseasesCongenital heart diseases
Congenital heart diseasestksuja10
 
Management of Medically Compromised Children
Management of Medically Compromised ChildrenManagement of Medically Compromised Children
Management of Medically Compromised ChildrenDrArunSharma7
 
Congenital Heart Diseases
Congenital Heart DiseasesCongenital Heart Diseases
Congenital Heart DiseasesProf Vijayraddi
 
CONGENITAL HEART DISEASE
CONGENITAL HEART DISEASECONGENITAL HEART DISEASE
CONGENITAL HEART DISEASEPraTik Trivedi
 
Get the fact of congenital heart defects
Get the fact of congenital heart defectsGet the fact of congenital heart defects
Get the fact of congenital heart defectsHumza_Hussain
 
Congintal heart defect.pptx
Congintal heart defect.pptxCongintal heart defect.pptx
Congintal heart defect.pptxmousaderhem1
 
cardiacdiseaseinpregnancy-220427173031.pdf
cardiacdiseaseinpregnancy-220427173031.pdfcardiacdiseaseinpregnancy-220427173031.pdf
cardiacdiseaseinpregnancy-220427173031.pdfTemGemechu
 
Cardiac Disease in pregnancy.pptx
Cardiac Disease in pregnancy.pptxCardiac Disease in pregnancy.pptx
Cardiac Disease in pregnancy.pptxAbhishek Joshi
 
Approach to acyanotic congenital heart diseases
Approach to acyanotic congenital heart diseasesApproach to acyanotic congenital heart diseases
Approach to acyanotic congenital heart diseasesNagendra prasad Kulari
 

Similar a Congenital Heart Defects (20)

heart and DNA.pptx
heart and DNA.pptxheart and DNA.pptx
heart and DNA.pptx
 
Polycystic kidney disease
Polycystic kidney diseasePolycystic kidney disease
Polycystic kidney disease
 
2.CHD1.pptx
2.CHD1.pptx2.CHD1.pptx
2.CHD1.pptx
 
Types of pediatric heart disease
Types of  pediatric heart diseaseTypes of  pediatric heart disease
Types of pediatric heart disease
 
The Great Arteries Case Study
The Great Arteries Case StudyThe Great Arteries Case Study
The Great Arteries Case Study
 
Aging disoder and orthopedics disorders
Aging disoder and orthopedics disordersAging disoder and orthopedics disorders
Aging disoder and orthopedics disorders
 
Critical congenital heart diseases
Critical congenital heart diseases  Critical congenital heart diseases
Critical congenital heart diseases
 
Congenital heart diseases
Congenital heart diseasesCongenital heart diseases
Congenital heart diseases
 
Management of Medically Compromised Children
Management of Medically Compromised ChildrenManagement of Medically Compromised Children
Management of Medically Compromised Children
 
Congenital Heart Diseases
Congenital Heart DiseasesCongenital Heart Diseases
Congenital Heart Diseases
 
CONGENITAL HEART DISEASE
CONGENITAL HEART DISEASECONGENITAL HEART DISEASE
CONGENITAL HEART DISEASE
 
Get the fact of congenital heart defects
Get the fact of congenital heart defectsGet the fact of congenital heart defects
Get the fact of congenital heart defects
 
Congintal heart defect.pptx
Congintal heart defect.pptxCongintal heart defect.pptx
Congintal heart defect.pptx
 
How to detect & diagnose congenital heart disease in children
How to detect & diagnose congenital heart disease in childrenHow to detect & diagnose congenital heart disease in children
How to detect & diagnose congenital heart disease in children
 
cardiacdiseaseinpregnancy-220427173031.pdf
cardiacdiseaseinpregnancy-220427173031.pdfcardiacdiseaseinpregnancy-220427173031.pdf
cardiacdiseaseinpregnancy-220427173031.pdf
 
Cardiac Disease in pregnancy.pptx
Cardiac Disease in pregnancy.pptxCardiac Disease in pregnancy.pptx
Cardiac Disease in pregnancy.pptx
 
Approach to acyanotic congenital heart diseases
Approach to acyanotic congenital heart diseasesApproach to acyanotic congenital heart diseases
Approach to acyanotic congenital heart diseases
 
Optimizing Cardiac health.pptx
Optimizing Cardiac health.pptxOptimizing Cardiac health.pptx
Optimizing Cardiac health.pptx
 
Pediatrick stroke
Pediatrick strokePediatrick stroke
Pediatrick stroke
 
tertalogy of fallot
tertalogy of fallottertalogy of fallot
tertalogy of fallot
 

Último

MedMatch: Your Health, Our Mission. Pitch deck.
MedMatch: Your Health, Our Mission. Pitch deck.MedMatch: Your Health, Our Mission. Pitch deck.
MedMatch: Your Health, Our Mission. Pitch deck.whalesdesign
 
historyofpsychiatryinindia. Senthil Thirusangu
historyofpsychiatryinindia. Senthil Thirusanguhistoryofpsychiatryinindia. Senthil Thirusangu
historyofpsychiatryinindia. Senthil Thirusangu Medical University
 
Unit I herbs as raw materials, biodynamic agriculture.ppt
Unit I herbs as raw materials, biodynamic agriculture.pptUnit I herbs as raw materials, biodynamic agriculture.ppt
Unit I herbs as raw materials, biodynamic agriculture.pptPradnya Wadekar
 
CPR.nursingoutlook.pdf , Bsc nursing student
CPR.nursingoutlook.pdf , Bsc nursing studentCPR.nursingoutlook.pdf , Bsc nursing student
CPR.nursingoutlook.pdf , Bsc nursing studentsaileshpanda05
 
Male Infertility, Antioxidants and Beyond
Male Infertility, Antioxidants and BeyondMale Infertility, Antioxidants and Beyond
Male Infertility, Antioxidants and BeyondSujoy Dasgupta
 
Mental health Team. Dr Senthil Thirusangu
Mental health Team. Dr Senthil ThirusanguMental health Team. Dr Senthil Thirusangu
Mental health Team. Dr Senthil Thirusangu Medical University
 
ayurvedic formulations herbal drug technologyppt
ayurvedic formulations herbal drug technologypptayurvedic formulations herbal drug technologyppt
ayurvedic formulations herbal drug technologypptPradnya Wadekar
 
DNA nucleotides Blast in NCBI and Phylogeny using MEGA Xi.pptx
DNA nucleotides Blast in NCBI and Phylogeny using MEGA Xi.pptxDNA nucleotides Blast in NCBI and Phylogeny using MEGA Xi.pptx
DNA nucleotides Blast in NCBI and Phylogeny using MEGA Xi.pptxMAsifAhmad
 
Pharmacokinetic Models by Dr. Ram D. Bawankar.ppt
Pharmacokinetic Models by Dr. Ram D.  Bawankar.pptPharmacokinetic Models by Dr. Ram D.  Bawankar.ppt
Pharmacokinetic Models by Dr. Ram D. Bawankar.pptRamDBawankar1
 
SGK NGẠT NƯỚC ĐHYHN RẤT LÀ HAY NHA .pdf
SGK NGẠT NƯỚC ĐHYHN RẤT LÀ HAY NHA    .pdfSGK NGẠT NƯỚC ĐHYHN RẤT LÀ HAY NHA    .pdf
SGK NGẠT NƯỚC ĐHYHN RẤT LÀ HAY NHA .pdfHongBiThi1
 
SGK LEUKEMIA KINH DÒNG BẠCH CÂU HẠT HAY.pdf
SGK LEUKEMIA KINH DÒNG BẠCH CÂU HẠT HAY.pdfSGK LEUKEMIA KINH DÒNG BẠCH CÂU HẠT HAY.pdf
SGK LEUKEMIA KINH DÒNG BẠCH CÂU HẠT HAY.pdfHongBiThi1
 
Bulimia nervosa ( Eating Disorders) Mental Health Nursing.
Bulimia nervosa ( Eating Disorders) Mental Health Nursing.Bulimia nervosa ( Eating Disorders) Mental Health Nursing.
Bulimia nervosa ( Eating Disorders) Mental Health Nursing.aarjukhadka22
 
Physiology of Smooth Muscles -Mechanics of contraction and relaxation
Physiology of Smooth Muscles -Mechanics of contraction and relaxationPhysiology of Smooth Muscles -Mechanics of contraction and relaxation
Physiology of Smooth Muscles -Mechanics of contraction and relaxationMedicoseAcademics
 
"Radical excision of DIE in subferile women with deep infiltrating endometrio...
"Radical excision of DIE in subferile women with deep infiltrating endometrio..."Radical excision of DIE in subferile women with deep infiltrating endometrio...
"Radical excision of DIE in subferile women with deep infiltrating endometrio...Sujoy Dasgupta
 
SGK ĐIỆN GIẬT ĐHYHN RẤT LÀ HAY TUYỆT VỜI.pdf
SGK ĐIỆN GIẬT ĐHYHN        RẤT LÀ HAY TUYỆT VỜI.pdfSGK ĐIỆN GIẬT ĐHYHN        RẤT LÀ HAY TUYỆT VỜI.pdf
SGK ĐIỆN GIẬT ĐHYHN RẤT LÀ HAY TUYỆT VỜI.pdfHongBiThi1
 
Red Blood Cells_anemia & polycythemia.pdf
Red Blood Cells_anemia & polycythemia.pdfRed Blood Cells_anemia & polycythemia.pdf
Red Blood Cells_anemia & polycythemia.pdfMedicoseAcademics
 
AUTONOMIC NERVOUS SYSTEM organization and functions
AUTONOMIC NERVOUS SYSTEM organization and functionsAUTONOMIC NERVOUS SYSTEM organization and functions
AUTONOMIC NERVOUS SYSTEM organization and functionsMedicoseAcademics
 
pA2 value, Schild plot and pD2 values- applications in pharmacology
pA2 value, Schild plot and pD2 values- applications in pharmacologypA2 value, Schild plot and pD2 values- applications in pharmacology
pA2 value, Schild plot and pD2 values- applications in pharmacologyDeepakDaniel9
 
PAIN/CLASSIFICATION AND MANAGEMENT OF PAIN.pdf
PAIN/CLASSIFICATION AND MANAGEMENT OF PAIN.pdfPAIN/CLASSIFICATION AND MANAGEMENT OF PAIN.pdf
PAIN/CLASSIFICATION AND MANAGEMENT OF PAIN.pdfDolisha Warbi
 

Último (20)

How to master Steroid (glucocorticoids) prescription, different scenarios, ca...
How to master Steroid (glucocorticoids) prescription, different scenarios, ca...How to master Steroid (glucocorticoids) prescription, different scenarios, ca...
How to master Steroid (glucocorticoids) prescription, different scenarios, ca...
 
MedMatch: Your Health, Our Mission. Pitch deck.
MedMatch: Your Health, Our Mission. Pitch deck.MedMatch: Your Health, Our Mission. Pitch deck.
MedMatch: Your Health, Our Mission. Pitch deck.
 
historyofpsychiatryinindia. Senthil Thirusangu
historyofpsychiatryinindia. Senthil Thirusanguhistoryofpsychiatryinindia. Senthil Thirusangu
historyofpsychiatryinindia. Senthil Thirusangu
 
Unit I herbs as raw materials, biodynamic agriculture.ppt
Unit I herbs as raw materials, biodynamic agriculture.pptUnit I herbs as raw materials, biodynamic agriculture.ppt
Unit I herbs as raw materials, biodynamic agriculture.ppt
 
CPR.nursingoutlook.pdf , Bsc nursing student
CPR.nursingoutlook.pdf , Bsc nursing studentCPR.nursingoutlook.pdf , Bsc nursing student
CPR.nursingoutlook.pdf , Bsc nursing student
 
Male Infertility, Antioxidants and Beyond
Male Infertility, Antioxidants and BeyondMale Infertility, Antioxidants and Beyond
Male Infertility, Antioxidants and Beyond
 
Mental health Team. Dr Senthil Thirusangu
Mental health Team. Dr Senthil ThirusanguMental health Team. Dr Senthil Thirusangu
Mental health Team. Dr Senthil Thirusangu
 
ayurvedic formulations herbal drug technologyppt
ayurvedic formulations herbal drug technologypptayurvedic formulations herbal drug technologyppt
ayurvedic formulations herbal drug technologyppt
 
DNA nucleotides Blast in NCBI and Phylogeny using MEGA Xi.pptx
DNA nucleotides Blast in NCBI and Phylogeny using MEGA Xi.pptxDNA nucleotides Blast in NCBI and Phylogeny using MEGA Xi.pptx
DNA nucleotides Blast in NCBI and Phylogeny using MEGA Xi.pptx
 
Pharmacokinetic Models by Dr. Ram D. Bawankar.ppt
Pharmacokinetic Models by Dr. Ram D.  Bawankar.pptPharmacokinetic Models by Dr. Ram D.  Bawankar.ppt
Pharmacokinetic Models by Dr. Ram D. Bawankar.ppt
 
SGK NGẠT NƯỚC ĐHYHN RẤT LÀ HAY NHA .pdf
SGK NGẠT NƯỚC ĐHYHN RẤT LÀ HAY NHA    .pdfSGK NGẠT NƯỚC ĐHYHN RẤT LÀ HAY NHA    .pdf
SGK NGẠT NƯỚC ĐHYHN RẤT LÀ HAY NHA .pdf
 
SGK LEUKEMIA KINH DÒNG BẠCH CÂU HẠT HAY.pdf
SGK LEUKEMIA KINH DÒNG BẠCH CÂU HẠT HAY.pdfSGK LEUKEMIA KINH DÒNG BẠCH CÂU HẠT HAY.pdf
SGK LEUKEMIA KINH DÒNG BẠCH CÂU HẠT HAY.pdf
 
Bulimia nervosa ( Eating Disorders) Mental Health Nursing.
Bulimia nervosa ( Eating Disorders) Mental Health Nursing.Bulimia nervosa ( Eating Disorders) Mental Health Nursing.
Bulimia nervosa ( Eating Disorders) Mental Health Nursing.
 
Physiology of Smooth Muscles -Mechanics of contraction and relaxation
Physiology of Smooth Muscles -Mechanics of contraction and relaxationPhysiology of Smooth Muscles -Mechanics of contraction and relaxation
Physiology of Smooth Muscles -Mechanics of contraction and relaxation
 
"Radical excision of DIE in subferile women with deep infiltrating endometrio...
"Radical excision of DIE in subferile women with deep infiltrating endometrio..."Radical excision of DIE in subferile women with deep infiltrating endometrio...
"Radical excision of DIE in subferile women with deep infiltrating endometrio...
 
SGK ĐIỆN GIẬT ĐHYHN RẤT LÀ HAY TUYỆT VỜI.pdf
SGK ĐIỆN GIẬT ĐHYHN        RẤT LÀ HAY TUYỆT VỜI.pdfSGK ĐIỆN GIẬT ĐHYHN        RẤT LÀ HAY TUYỆT VỜI.pdf
SGK ĐIỆN GIẬT ĐHYHN RẤT LÀ HAY TUYỆT VỜI.pdf
 
Red Blood Cells_anemia & polycythemia.pdf
Red Blood Cells_anemia & polycythemia.pdfRed Blood Cells_anemia & polycythemia.pdf
Red Blood Cells_anemia & polycythemia.pdf
 
AUTONOMIC NERVOUS SYSTEM organization and functions
AUTONOMIC NERVOUS SYSTEM organization and functionsAUTONOMIC NERVOUS SYSTEM organization and functions
AUTONOMIC NERVOUS SYSTEM organization and functions
 
pA2 value, Schild plot and pD2 values- applications in pharmacology
pA2 value, Schild plot and pD2 values- applications in pharmacologypA2 value, Schild plot and pD2 values- applications in pharmacology
pA2 value, Schild plot and pD2 values- applications in pharmacology
 
PAIN/CLASSIFICATION AND MANAGEMENT OF PAIN.pdf
PAIN/CLASSIFICATION AND MANAGEMENT OF PAIN.pdfPAIN/CLASSIFICATION AND MANAGEMENT OF PAIN.pdf
PAIN/CLASSIFICATION AND MANAGEMENT OF PAIN.pdf
 

Congenital Heart Defects

  • 1. Mr. Tejas Pandya M.Sc Nursing Child Health Nursing Parul Institute of Nursing Congenital Heart Defects
  • 11. Congenital Heart Defects • The word "congenital" means existing at birth. The terms "congenital heart defect" and "congenital heart disease" are often used to mean the same thing, but "defect" is more accurate. • Anatomic malformation of the heart or great vessels which occurs during intrauterine development, irrespective of the age at presentation. • Congenital heart disease occurs in approximately 0.8% of live births. • The incidence is higher in stillborns (3-4%), spontaneous abortuses (10-25%), and premature infants (about 2% excluding patent ductusarteriosus [PDA]
  • 73. Incidences • Patent ductus arteriosus is the most common congenital heart defect among adults. • PDA is found in 1 of every 2, 500 to 5, 000 infants. • It affects twice as many females as males. Causes • Normally, the ductus arteriosus closes within days to weeks after birth, and the failure to close may be attributed to the following factors: • Prematurity. PDA is most prevalent in premature neonates, probably as a result of abnormalities in oxygenation. • Prostaglandin E. The relaxant action of prostaglandin E prevents ductal spasm and contracture necessary for closure. • Other congenital defects. PDA commonly accompanies rubella syndrome and may be associated with other congenital defects, such as coarctation of the aorta, ventricular septal defect, and pulmonary and aortic stenosis.
  • 74. Clinical Manifestations: • Respiratory distress. • Heart failure. • Low immune system. • Slow motor development. • Physical underdevelopment. • Heart murmur. • Bounding peripheral pulses. • Widened pulse pressure. • Failure to thrive. • Frequently respiratory infection. • Dyspnea • Chest pain • Hoarseness of voice.
  • 79. Nursing Diagnosis: • Decreased cardiac output r / t cardiac malformations. • Impaired gas exchange r / t pulmonary congestion. • Activity intolerance r / t imbalance between oxygen consumption by the body, and the supply of oxygen to the cells. • Altered Growth and Development r / t inadequate supply of oxygen and nutrients to the tissues. • Imbalanced Nutrition, Less Than Body Requirements r / t fatigue at mealtime and increased caloric needs. • Risk for infection r / t decrease in health status.