This document provides an index and overview of the development of Ayurveda education in India. It discusses key reports and governing bodies that shaped Ayurveda both before and after India's independence. Some highlights include:
- Ayurveda was practiced widely in rural pre-independence India through family physicians. Several state committees studied indigenous medical systems between 1923-1942.
- Post-independence, influential reports like the Bhore Report (1946), Chopra Report (1948), and Mudaliar Report (1962) recommended reforms to modernize and develop Ayurveda.
- Central governing bodies like the Central Council of Indian Medicine (CCIM) and department of AYUSH were formed to
1. Technoayurveda's
Global Ayurveda Scenario
Index
Preamble:
1. Background and Rationale
2. Indian Trends in Ayurveda Education
2.1. Ayurveda in pre Independence India
2.1.1. Government Reports
2.1.2. Government Acts
2.2. Ayurveda during Post Independent India
2.2.1. Government Reports
2.2.2. Government Acts
2.3. Reforms offered to Ayurveda development
2.3.1. Bhore Report, 1946
2.3.2. Chopra Report, 1948
2.3.3. Pandit Report, 1951
2.3.4. Dave Report, 1956
2.3.5. The Udupa Report, 1959
2.3.6. The Mudaliar Report, 1962
2.3.7. Vyas Report, 1963
2.3.8. Ramalinga swami Report, 1981
2.4. Governing Bodies of Ayurveda
2.4.1. CENTRAL COUNCIL OF INDIAN MEDICINE
2.4.1.1. THE INDIAN MEDICINE CENTRAL COUNCIL ACT, 1970
2.4.1.2. Achievements
2.4.1.3. Updating of syllabus:
2.4.1.4. Starting of new Post-graduate Diploma Course:
2.4.1.5. Action against substandard existing colleges of ISM:
2.4.1.6. Revision of Regulations
2.4.1.7. Revision of Minimum Standards & Requirements
1
Global Ayurveda Scenario – Index
2. 2.4.2. AYUSH
2.4.2.1. Objectives:
3. Global Trends in Ayurveda
3.1. Indian Continent
3.1.1.Herbs
3.1.2. Ayurvedic Herbal Industry
3.2. World Scenario
3.2.1 Status of Ayurvedic Medicine in the U.S
3.2.2. Organizations / Schools
3.2.2.1. AAPNA
3.2.2.2. California College of Ayurveda (CCA)
3.2.2.3. Ayurveda Courses
3.2.2.4. Ayurveda Schools around World
3.2.2.4. 1. AYURVEDIC SCHOOLS IN THE U.S.A.
4. Future Strategies of Ayurveda Medicine
4.1. Future Strategy for Medicinal Plants
4.2. Sculpting for a Global Market
4.3. Features of Present Global Demand for Ayurvedic Products
4.4. World Bank role in Ayurveda
4.5. Development of Medicinal Plant Sector
4.6. Products Standardization
4.7. Globalization of Ayurveda and Medicinal Plant Sector
4.8. Trends in Ayurvedic Pharmacy Education
4.9. Reverse Pharmacology
4.10. Teaching reforms
4.11. MOU for Globalization
5. Ayurveda software
6. Conclusion
2
Global Ayurveda Scenario – Index
3. Global Ayurveda Scenario
Report by Dr. K.S.R. Prasad
It is the tremendous experience of becoming conscious, which nature has lain upon mankind, and
which unites the most diverse cultures in a common task.
Preamble:
Ayurveda is a Medical Science developed from Indian heritage for the ailed people to
make healthy in natural way. The antiquity of this Medical science to carbon date is difficult, but
the references push its development is long ago even 100 million years i.e. when the Indian
continent is an Island. This prime science of the Medical Knowledge has taken different shapes
by ethnic practices and postulated the new theories by observation. The science of result oriented
Ayurveda spread not only in the Indian continent but also globally. History reveals that the major
portion of the over sea trade is with condiments and Herbs.
Today Ayurveda is institutionally trained by the governance of CCIM and AYUSH.
There are around 250 Ayurveda Institutions in India produce around 13000 Ayurveda graduates
every year. Out of this picture the major portion is occupied by the Maharastra and Karnataka
along with Kerala. The number of Institutions placed in these provinces covers 50% of the
graduates (approx. 8000) and the next major part is taken by Gujarat. The rest of India is looking
towards Ayurveda as this branch seems to be a flawless and reaction free.
Recently even the commercial banks also interested in funding the Ayurveda researches. EXIM
bank (Export-Import Bank of India) has offered a loan of 4.62 crore to Traditional Ayush Cluster
of Tamilnadu to set up infrastructure and products promotion and export deals.
A composite herbal formulation named ‘Perfomax’ has been developed by DRDO and found to
improve physical and mental performance in High Altitude and Hypoxic Conditions. The
Minister of State for Defense Dr M M Pallam Raju launched this product at a function held in
Leh, Ladakh. This is an example how Ayurveda can help mankind in different and difficult
situations.
1. Background and Rationale
Ayurveda is self sufficient with 8000 plant species, 189 * animal specimens, 80 # metals
that form 10000 ** formulations. *Unnikrishnan, P.M. (1998) [1]. Even though each and every
part of globe is having their ethnic Medicines, the most regulated and conceptual based Ayurveda
1
Global Ayurveda Scenario
4. made them to incline towards Ayurveda. The world can be divided in to two major areas as the
East and West. The eastern world accepts the Ayurveda long back and included it in to their
health promotion. Western world is more commercialized and seek the balance of their health
through alternative remedies and invites the Ayurveda as Alternative Medicine.
Ayurvedacharya, the present course, began in Jaipur under the name, Ayurveda Shastra,
in 1870. In 1906 the Maharaja of Mysore started the first official college (including Unani). After
ups and downs of policy reversals by various government committees following independence,
the Central Council for Indian Medicine (CCIM) was constituted by Act of Parliament in 1970.
Minimum qualifications for admission to Ayurveda courses were fixed, as were the required
number of courses of study and practical training; [2].
2. Indian Trends in Ayurveda Education
2.1. Ayurveda in pre Independence India
The pre Independence state of Ayurveda is depicted through various Reports and acts
made by the Government. The rural population of India mostly dependent on Ayurveda and the
Family Physician system was prevalent.
2.1.1. Government Reports [3]
Prior to the Independence all the reports made are of individual to the state and consider the
indigenous system as one [4]. The recorded reports of the state are -
1923 Madras: The Committee on Indigenous Systems of Medicine (“The
Usman Report”) [§§44–58].
1925 Bengal: The Ayurvedic and Tibbi Committees [§§59–69].
1926 United Provinces: Ayurvedic and Unani Committee [§§70–73].
1927 Ceylon: a Government Committee [§§104–106].
1928 Burma: Committee to Enquire into the Indigenous Systems
of Medicine [§§74–75].
1939 Central Provinces and Berar: The Committee to Examine the
Indigenous Systems of Medicine [§§76–83].
1941 Punjab: The Indigenous Medicine Committee [§§84–92].
1942 Mysore: Committee “to go into the Question of Encouraging the
Indigenous Systems of Medicine” [§§100–103].
2
Global Ayurveda Scenario
5. 2.1.2. Government Acts
Legal provisions regarding health matters preceding Indian independence are to be found
scattered dealing with diverse subjects. Some examples include [5]:
1825 The Quarantine Act
1859 The Indian Merchants’ Shipping Act
1860 The Indian Penal Code
1880 The Vaccination Act
1886 The Medical Act
1890 The Indian Railways Act
1896 The Births, Deaths and Marriages Registration Act
1897 The Epidemic Diseases Act
1898 The Code of Criminal Procedure
1899 The Glanders and Farcy Act
1911 The Indian Factories Act
1917 The Indian Steam Vessels Act
1922 The Indian Red Cross Act
1923 The Indian Mines Act
1924 The Cantonments Act
1933 The Indian Medicine Council Act
1938 The Bombay Medical Practitioners Act
2.2. Ayurveda during Post Independent India
2.2.1. Government Reports [6]
The post Independence reports dealt according the need of target systems and reported. Some
of the reports such as - the Chopra Report of 1948 can be seen as a direct reaction to the
Bhore Report of 1946.
1947 Bombay: The Indian Systems of Medicine Enquiry Committee [§§93–
95].1947 Assam: The Scheme Committee to Report on Steps to be Takenfor the
Development of Ayurveda [§§96–97].
1947 Orissa: The Utkal Ayurvedic Committee [§§98–99].1947 Ceylon: Commission
on Indigenous Medicine, Ceylon [§§107–108].In the period after Independence, the
following reports on Ayurveda were published under the auspices of the
Ministry of Health of the Government of India (Brass 1972:454):
3
Global Ayurveda Scenario
6. 1948 The Report of the Committee on Indigenous Systems of Medicine
(“The Chopra Report”).
1951 Report of the Committee Appointed by the Government of Indiato Advise
Them on the Steps to be taken to establish a Research Centre in the Indigenous Systems
of Medicine and Other Cognate Matters (“The Pandit Committee Report”).
1956 Interim Report of the Committee Appointed by the Government of India to
Study and Report on the Question of Establishing Uniform Standards in Respect
of Education & Practice of Vaidyas, Hakims and Homoeopaths (“The Dave Report”).
1959 Report of the Committee to Assess and Evaluate the Present Status of
Ayurvedic System of Medicine (“The Udupa Commit-tee Report”).
1963 Report of the Shuddha Ayurvedic Education Committee (“The Vyas Committee
Report”).
1981 Health for All: an Alternative Strategy (“The Ramalingaswami Report”)
2.2.2. Government Acts
Efforts to regulate teaching, practice, and research specifically in indigenous
medicine continued after Independence with many more government acts, such as: [7]
1956 The Madras Registration of Practitioners of Integrated MedicineAct
1961 The Mysore Homoeopathic Practitioners Act, and
1962 The Mysore Ayurvedic and Unani Practitioners Registration Act
1970 The Indian Medicine Central Council Act [8]
1984 The Central Council was reconstituted
1995 The Central Council was reconstituted again
2002 The Central Council Amendment [9]
The most important of these Acts, from the point of view of present-day Ayurvedic
practice, were those of 1938 and 1970. The former established the first professional
register for Ayurvedic (and Unani) practitioners, effectively creating a pan national profession
for the first time. The 1970 Act, with its later Amendments, established the Central Council
of Indian Medicine, whose objects were as follow:
1. To prescribe minimum standards of education in Indian Systems of Medi-cine,
i.e., Ayurveda, Siddha and Unani Tibb,
2. To advise Central Government in matters relating to recognition and with-
drawal of recognition of medical qualifications in Indian Medicine,
4
Global Ayurveda Scenario
7. 3. To maintain the Central Register of Indian Medicine and revise the Register from time
to time, and
4. to Prescribe standards of professional conduct, etiquette and code of ethics to be
observed by the practitioners. The Act included the following important “schedules”
which are frequently referred to in later legislation and documentation, and which are
regularly updated (at least 60 times between 1970 and 2002): [10]
The Second Schedule:
“Recognized medical qualifications in Indian medicine [Ayurveda, Siddha,
Unani] granted by Universities, Boards or other medical institutions in India”. [11]
The Third Schedule:
“qualifications granted by certain medical institutions before 15th August, 1947
in areas which comprised within India as defined in the Government of India Act,
1935”. [12]
The Fourth Schedule:
“Qualifications granted by Medical Institutions in Countries with which there
is a scheme of reciprocity [Only Sri Lanka]” [13].
2.3. Reforms offered to Ayurveda development
Out of above said reports, the important are - The Bhore Report, 1946, Chopra
Report, 1948, Pandit Report, 1951, Mudaliar Report, 1962 and Ramalinga swami Report,
1981. All these reports have made remarkable suggestions and contributed reforms to
update and develop Ayurveda and indigenous systems of medicine.
2.3.1. Bhore Report, 1946
The times of Bhore committee’s work is before independence and the modern medical
facilities were restricted mostly to India’s metropolitan and capital cities. The Bhore
Report is robustly scientist in its views and unreflective about the hegemonic nature of
what it calls “scientific medicine.” But it has been decisively demonstrated for Ayurveda
that from its very earliest roots, the tradition of medical thought and practice was in
constant flux and tension, with different schools vying for their own theories, different
physicians using different therapies, and in more recent time’s traditionalists exchanging
medical therapies and ideas with foreigners. [14] Bhore Report was silent on the
subject of India’s indigenous culture and medical traditions.
5
Global Ayurveda Scenario
8. He added further, the undoubted part that these systems have played in the long
distant past in influencing the development of medicine and surgery in other countries of
the world has naturally engendered a feeling of patriotic pride in the place they will
always occupy in any world history of the rise and development of medicine. He
continued as – The indigenous medical systems are associated with “illiterate masses”,
over which they have a “hold”. The pejorative use of language here already
discloses the Report’s presuppositions: The knowledge of Materia Medica
accumulated in the indigenous medical traditions, so highly valued in today’s
world of bio-piracy and patent protection, is reduced to a mere claim by un specified
persons that this knowledge may be only of “some” value. Indigenous medicine is
projected in to the historic all past of global medicine, where no doubt the
authors of the Report felt it rightly belonged. Indigenous medicine is also associated
with patriotic pride, and this, rather than any intrinsic medical merit, is given to account
for the value which some, perhaps otherwise intelligent people, find in these systems.
2.3.2. Chopra Report, 1948
Sir Ram Nath Chopra (1882–1973) was a distinguished Indian pharmacologist
[16]. The Chopra Report consisted of the following chapters:
1: Introductory. The history and development of Ayurveda and Unani or Arabian
systems of medicine—their past achievements—the cause of decline and their
present position—Attempts at their revival.
2: The appointment and personnel of the committee and the procedure adopted
by it.
3: Progress of work of the committee.
4: Previous committees on indigenous systems of medicine set up by provincial
and other governments. Madras (1923) - Ceylon (1927 and 1947)
5: Existing conditions of medical relief.
6: Integration of Indian and Western medicine leading to their ultimate
synthesis.
7: Education and medical institutions
8: The organization of rural medical relief
9: State control of medical practice and education
10: Research
11: Drugs and medicinal preparations
6
Global Ayurveda Scenario
9. 12: Administration and finance
13: Summary of the recommendations
14: Conclusions.
The Report’s apparent aim is to give indigenous medical systems a proper
place in India’s health care structure. However, this aim is undermined in an
insidious way in Chapter 6. This chapter argues that a careful study of Ayurvedic
principles, for example, will show that the various humours and other traditional and
non-allopathic parts of the body will eventually be found to coincide with modern
medical categories as revealed by science. Thus, the Report’s aim is not to integrate
traditional and modern sciences, but rather for modern medicine to absorb
traditional medicine by re-interpreting its principle categories. Ultimately, all traditional
practices and explanations will be subsumed by scientific medical ones. Never the less,
chapters 10 and 11 of the Report do emphasize the importance if investigating India’s
Flora and fauna for medical uses. Again, this shows the Report’s orientation towards
traditional medicine as a source of potential therapies that can be absorbed and taken over
by modern medicine.
2.3.3. Pandit Report, 1951
The idea was that a common integrated syllabus for all medical colleges
would be rejected, but that research should be undertaken into the validity of indigenous
medicine from the point of view of contemporary establishment medical science.
One early outcome of the Pandit Report was the establishment of the Central
Institute of Research in Indigenous Systems of Medicine in and the Postgraduate
Training Centre for Ayurveda, both in Jamnagar in 1952 [17].
2.3.4. Dave Report, 1956
Dave Report, 1956 presented a model integrated syllabus to be used in colleges
that would teach only physicians of indigenous systems of medicine (ISM).
2.3.5. The Udupa Report, 1959
The Udupa Report, 1959 chief recommendation of the committee was that
the Government should establish a Council of Indian Medicine (to regulate
educational standards) and a Council of Ayurvedic Research. The latter Council was soon
established and it sponsored further committees to investigate the question of Ayurvedic
7
Global Ayurveda Scenario
10. medicine. It arrived at the conclusion that an integrated training was appropriate (Jaggi
2000: 312–3).
2.3.6. The Mudaliar Report, 1962
They prepared by Dr. Arcot Lakshmana-swami Mudaliar and his
committee took the opposite approach, rejecting integrated medical education.
Instead, it recommend that systems of indigenous medicine should be taught and
practiced in a purely classical form, with due attention to language skills and access to
original sources (Jaggi 2000:313–17,Shankar 1992: 146), Once fully trained, indigenous
physicians could be separately trained in MEM. The final practical effect would be
the withering away of indigenous medical practice in the face of superior MEM,
which would absorb its best features, although this was not stated quite so baldly as
this [18].
2.3.7. Vyas Report, 1963
Vyas Report is prepared by Mohanlal P. Vyas, was the Minister for Health and
Labour, Ahmedabad, Gujarat along with Pandit Shiv Sharma who was educated
in medicine and Sanskrit by his father, the court physician to the Maharaja
of Patiala. When Mahatma Gandhi was dying, and his wife called for an Ayurvedic
physician, it was Pt. Sharma who was summoned. Committee draw up a
curriculum and syllabus of study in pure (unmixed) Ayurveda extending to over
four years, which should not include any subject of modern medicine or allied
sciences in any form or language.
2.3.8. Ramalinga swami Report, 1981
Ramalinga swami Report, 1981 r e c o m m e n d e d , t h a t t h e existing model
of health care in India should be replaced by one that combined “the best elements
in the traditional and culture of the people with modern science and technology.
Committee recommends that the health care system of India should be given a national
orientation by the incorporation of the culture and traditions of the people
(Ramalingaswami 1981: 95). The Report recognizes five broad elements of traditional
Indian culture which it feels are relevant to its recommendations.
1. The varnasrama concept of the stages of Hindu life, which inculcates
“the right attitudes to pain, to growing old, and to death”.
8
Global Ayurveda Scenario
11. 2. A non-consumerist approach to life.
3. A devolved and distributed attitude to health service provision, and a
withdrawal of centralized state intervention.
4. The use of Yoga asan instrument for physical and mental health.
5. An emphasis on “simple but effective things” such as naturopathy, the use of
simple medicines and home-grown herbs for day-to-day illnesses, games and
sports that require little equipment, and similar practices that oppose “a profit-
motivated capitalist civilization [that] treatise encourage consumerism”
(Ramalingaswami 1981:96f.).
2.4. Governing Bodies of Ayurveda
There are various governing bodies in Ayurveda. The description of these are
here as under.
2.4.1. CENTRAL COUNCIL OF INDIAN MEDICINE
The Central Council of Indian Medicine is the statutory body constituted under
the Indian Medicine Central Council Act, 1970 vide gazette notification extraordinary
part (ii) section 3(ii) dated 10.8.71. Since its establishment in 1971, the Central Council
has been framing on and implementing various regulations including the Curricula and
Syllabi in Indian Systems of Medicine viz. Ayurved, Siddha and Unani Tibb at Under-
graduate and Post-graduate level.
2.4.1.1. THE INDIAN MEDICINE CENTRAL COUNCIL ACT, 1970
This is a revised diglot edition of the Indian Medicine Central Council Act, 1970,
as on the 1st November, 1975 containing the authoritative Hindi text thereof alongwith its
English text. The Hindi text of the Act was published in the Gazette of India,
Extraordinary, Part II, Section 1A, No.33, Vol.VII, dated the 9th September, 1971 on
pages 285 to 318.
It has cleared the time for seeking permission for certain existing medical
colleges and new along with withdrawal of recognition terms and conditions. It cleared
what are minimum standards of education in Indian medicine. In addition the act added a
body for registration in the Central Register of Indian Medicine for AYUSH doctors.
2.4.1.2. Achievements
Translation of the syllabus of Ayurveda, Unani and Siddha: For the past 37 years
(since establishment of the Council) the syllabus of Under-Graduate and Post Graduate
courses of Ayurveda, Unani and Siddha were in Sanskrit, Urdu and Tamil languages
9
Global Ayurveda Scenario
12. respectively. The language barrier was hindering the path of success and popularity of
these systems inside and outside the country. The present Council came forward & took
steps to popularize the Indian System of Medicine and successfully completed the task of
translating the whole syllabus of three systems into English language which is an globally
accepted language, previous secretary AYUSH Mrs. Anita Das also advised the same.
This Challenging work completed with in very short period of six months.
2.4.1.3. Updating of syllabus:
The syllabus of Under-Graduate and Post Graduate courses of Ayurveda, Unani
and Siddha were not updated since long and the present Council updated the UG and PG
syllabus of all three systems, and this is applicable from this session in all over the
country.
2.4.1.4. Starting of new Post-graduate Diploma Course:
To provide specialized services of ISM systems and to enhance the benefits of
these ancient systems, the Council has designed new Ayurveda PG Diploma courses in
16 subjects. The aim of introducing new PG Diploma courses in Ayurveda is to produce
specialists of Ayurveda who can practice Ayurveda more affidiantly and successfully,
these entire PG Diploma courses started from Decision It is very heartening that the new
Ayurveda PG Diploma courses have been implemented from this year. The provision of
PG diploma Course is already exists in Unani and in Siddha system is under process.
2.4.1.5. Action against substandard existing colleges of ISM:
Standard of the ISM colleges is reflected from the graduates and post- graduate’s
scholars before the year 2008-09, number of sub-standards colleges were running and
ruining the future of the students. The present Council took the matter seriously and
without making any compromise with the standard of education, it withdraws its
recommendations which eventually led the stoppage of admission in such sub-standards
colleges. After observing the Minimum Standards and Requirements of these college &
hospital a strict scrutiny of the visitation report were carried out and 84 Ayurveda, 26
Unani and 03 Siddha colleges (2008-09) and 64 Ayurveda, 01 Siddha and 08 Unani
colleges (2009-10) and 55 Ayurveda and 01 Unani colleges (2010-11) have not been
permitted to take admission. It is also noteworthy to mentioned here that not a single
college was denied for to take admission bu the council /GOI prior to the commencement
of this present Council.
10
Global Ayurveda Scenario
13. To improve the actual assessment of teaching and practical training
facilities along with the teaching staff in conformity with the Minimum
Standards laid down by CCIM following action have been initiated.
a) Preparation of the data base of the teaching staff: The visitation report of
Ayurveda, Siddha and Unani were being examined thoroughly time to time, it
was observed that name of many teachers are exist in more than one college and
teachers have submitted false experience certificate.
A more challenging task which was accomplished by this Council was to
prepare a database of all ISM teachers. The aim of preparing the database was to
keep a record of all ISM teachers and to assess their eligibility. However, all
efforts were made and prima facie data base has been prepared by the office. The
data base of teaching staff alongwith their other details are being maintained in
the office of CCIM and being updated time to time to rule out the delicacy etc.
However, the database of teachers prepared by the Council became an important
tool to stop the malpractice of teachers of ISM and colleges. The present council
identified about 400 teachers who submitted the false teaching experience
certificates and around 1000 teachers were found to be in duplicacy. The Council
made them ineligible for teaching. The letters in this regard were issued to the
Concern College and teacher to clarify the matter. Action in this matter is under
progress and process of the issuance of I-card is under progress.
b) Appointment of teaching staff in Ayurveda, Unani & Siddha Colleges: By
observing the Minimum Standards & Requirement of the colleges strictly and not
permitting the colleges of Government, Grant-in-aid and private colleges and
continuous pressure of the CCIM more than 4000 teachers have been appointed
in these colleges. It is also noteworthy to mention here that State Governments
have also taken keen interest to appoint the teaching staff to bring the staff
strength at par with the Minimum Standards laid down by CCIM.
c) Construction of the building of college & hospital: By observing the Minimum
Standards and Requirements strictly, the Management of the private college and
State Governments have constructed the building to bring the area at par with the
Minimum Standards & Requirements of the CCIM.
11
Global Ayurveda Scenario
14. d) Improvement of the functioning of the Hospital: By fixing the criteria of daily
average attendance of patient in OPD (100 per day) and bed occupancy
(minimum 40%) in IPD, the competent authority have taken keen interest to
improve the functioning of the hospital.
2.4.1.6. Revision of Regulations:
Present Council hold many meetings with all subject experts/eminent teachers of
three systems in order to make ISM system more practically. So the qualified ISM
doctors may become more skilled practitioners, researchers and scientists and can provide
the best services to the community.
2.4.1.7. Revision of Minimum Standards & Requirements
Revision of Minimum Standards & Requirements of Ayurveda, Unani and
Siddha colleges & hospital: Keeping in view of the requirements of all three Indian
Systems of Medicine, minimum standards for Ayuveda, Unani and Siddha systems have
been reviewed as per requirement of present scenario with the consultation of department
of AYUSH and this mater is awaited for approval from GOI department of AYUSH
(Regulation of minimum standards and requirements is not notified till today since
inception of the council)
To maintain and update the Central Register of Indian Medicine as well as supply
of updated as well as early submission of State Register and observance of the
Professional Conduct and Etiquette, duties and oblegations by the practitioner of ISM:
On account of non-submission/delay submission of the State Register, it was very
difficult to update and maintain the Central Register of Indian Medicine. Therefore, to
ensure the same, two meetings of the President and Registrar of the State Board/Council
have been convenied to sort out the problem of the State Board/Council for updatation
and supply of State Register of Indian Medicine and to strengthen the bond between the
Practitioners of Indian system of Medicine and their patients so that the Practitioners may
perform their duties effectively, serve the community with responsibility and the patients
may not get neglected. By following the professional conduct and etiquette, ISM
Practitioners may uphold the dignity of profession.
During the tenure of present Council, the Central Register of Indian Medicine has
been updated and revised. About 1.3 lakh names of ISM practitioners from all over
country have been uploaded on website of CCIM, therefore, practitioners can ensure the
12
Global Ayurveda Scenario
15. availability of the his/her name on the Central Register of Indian Medicine and can do
practice anywhere in India. Moreover, the names of Ayurveda, Unani and Siddha
practitioners of all states of India got centrally registered and their names have been
published in Gazette notification.
1. Revision of Second Schedule of IMCC Act, 1970: It was observed by the
council that there are 200-250 degrees/diploma courses by various
Boards/Universities which have stopped conducting the courses before inception
of the Central Council of Indian Medicine but the names of such degrees and
diploma still appeared in the second schedule the closing year was not mentioned
against them. Because of this, many such degree/diploma holders filed the case
for their registration and one diploma holder from UP even got registration by the
order of hon’ble high court. The Council took the matter seriously and held talk
at Govt. level to stop the registration of these degree/diploma holders, collected
all the relevant documents to put a closing year against the name of
Boards/Universities awarding such degree/diploma courses and successfully
gazette notified the same.
2. Maintaining the transperacy: to maintain the transperacy, the minutes of
Executive Committee and Central Council have been uploaded on the website of
CCIM since establishment of CCIM i.e. 1971 to till date.
3. Remuneration to subject Experts/specialists: It has been observed that the
subject experts/ specialists have never been interested in attending the
meetings/workshops whenever they have been called for important work of
Council such as framing the syllabus, to draft regulations and other related
academic work because they were not paid any remuneration. Taking into the
consideration their important role and their academic excellence, the present
Council with the approval of Govt. of India decided to pay them Rs.1500/- per
day for such meetings of Council so that they may provide their specialised
services to the Council without hesitation. The expenditure on the same is met by
the CCIM from own sources.
4. Proposal for declaration of world Ayurveda Day, world Unani Day, world
Siddha Day: It has been proposed to celebrate Ayurveda, Unani and Siddha Day
each year in form of world Ayurveda Day (28th December), world Unani Day
(4th October) and world Siddha Day (14th April). Proposal have been sent to
Govt. of India for declaration.
13
Global Ayurveda Scenario
16. 2.4.2. AYUSH
Department of Indian Systems of Medicine and Homoeopathy (ISM&H) was
created in March,1995 and re-named as Department of Ayurveda, Yoga & Naturopathy,
Unani, Siddha and Homoeopathy (AYUSH) in November, 2003 with a view to providing
focused attention to development of Education & Research in Ayurveda, Yoga &
Naturopathy, Unani, Siddha and Homoeopathy systems. The Department continued to lay
emphasis on upgradation of AYUSH educational standards, quality control and
standardization of drugs, improving the availability of medicinal plant material, research
and development and awareness generation about the efficacy of the systems
domestically and internationally.
2.4.2.1. Objectives:
To upgrade the educational standards in the Indian Systems of Medicines and
Homoeopathy colleges in the country.
To strengthen existing research institutions and ensure a time-bound research
programme on identified diseases for which these systems have an effective
treatment.
To draw up schemes for promotion, cultivation and regeneration of medicinal
plants used in these systems.
To evolve Pharmacopoeial standards for Indian Systems of Medicine and
Homoeopathy drugs.
3. Global Trends in Ayurveda
3.1. Indian Continent
3.1.1. Herbs [19]
Curriculum related to Ayurvedic Pharmaceutical Sciences largely bank on
Dravyguna (Phytopharmacology) and Ras Shastra (alchemy or latrochemistry).
Dravyaguna is essentially compilation of ancient medical knowledge based on Ayurvedic
pharmacy lexicons. Charka and Sushruta lists 341 and 395 medicinal plants respectively,
in treatise on Ayurveda. Bhavprakash Nighantu, the standard book on Ayurvedic
perspective of medicinal plants, mentions medicinal actions and therapeutics of 470
medicinal plants.
Shortage of trained manpower in Ayurvedic pharmacies, has forced the statutory
bodies to introduce industry specific courses related to Ayurvedic Pharmaceutical
Sciences. Introduction of maters course in Traditional Medicine by Mohali based
14
Global Ayurveda Scenario
17. National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research is important landmark in the
history of Ayurvedic drug industry.
3.1.2. Ayurvedic Herbal Industry [20]
Worldwide, alternative medicine is becoming popular and herbal medicine has
become one of the most common forms of alternative therapy. The international herbal
market is approximately $61 billion. Annual sales of herbal medicinal products (HMPs)
are approximately $3 billion in Germany and $1.5 billion in the US [21].
Annual turnover of Indian Ayurvedic industry is $ 0.8 billion (Rs 35,000 million)
[22]. The Indian market is growing at 15-20% per annum (Rs 7,000 million or $150
million). With world demand growing at 1% annually ($ 610 million), the size of export
market for medicinal plants appears bigger than the Indian domestic market.
The global regulatory agencies – US FDA, European Community – have made
guidelines for botanicals [22]. Recently, The Australian government has backed increased
regulation of the complementary health sector. These guidelines focus on documentation
of the key issues - Quality, Efficacy, Safety, and Standardization. Some of these issues
will also be applicable to dietary supplements. The international regulatory authorities
would expect the data generated (pre-clinical, CMC and clinical) should meet the
standards of GxPs (Good Practices) – good agricultural practices, good laboratory
practices (GLP), good clinical practices (GCP) and good manufacturing practices (GMP).
These guidelines will make licensing difficult for HMPs. Besides, the governments are
likely to restrict availability of HMPs with toxic potential. WHO has also recommended
that it important for governments [23] to establish regulatory mechanisms to control the
safety and quality of products and of TM/CAM practice?
The consumers – doctors and patients- expect innovation and effective options
for chronic diseases. The industry has to 1) become creative in designing clinical trials, 2)
developing consumer friendly products and 3) effective marketing communication. Table
1 and 2 suggest some innovative options for developing consumer friendly medicines.
clinically Rrelevant Evaluation of Aadvantages of medicinal plants (CREAM)
Holistic therapy for disease and concomitant conditions –
o Poly-herbal for Diabetes mellitus to manage - Hyperglycemia, Hyperlipidemia
Adjuvant synergistic therapy to improve response to primary therapy
o Issues in Tuberculosis treatment - Hepato-toxicity, Immune-deficiency
Niche therapy when there are contraindications or cautions against allopathic agents –
o Arthritis with associated problems - Acid peptic disease, Edema,
15
Global Ayurveda Scenario
18. Therapy to provide positive side effects
o Cough suppressants and constipation
Development Rationale for Enhancing Advantages of Medicinal plants (D R E A M)
Conversion of powder to tablet / capsule / liquid form
Reduction in size of tablet or capsule
Reduced frequency of dosing
Improved solubility providing a liquid alternative for elderly and children
Improved palatability
Potential for parenteral formulation
3.2. World Scenario
3.2.1 Status of Ayurvedic Medicine in the U.S
U.S. is a growing interest in what has recently been called complementary and
alternative medicine (CAM) [24]. This term marks a change in attitude regarding medical
practices that are outside the standard therapies. ‘Alternative medicine’ was the
previously used term for all these practices that indicated a rejection of a modern medical
approach and adoption of something else. The majority of people who pursue Ayurvedic
medicine show an equal or even greater acceptance in such things as Western herbal
medicine, homeopathy, chiropractic therapy, and numerous other materials, health
philosophies, and techniques that have no direct connection to India.
As a result of this situation, Ayurvedic medicine in the U.S. has two main
manifestations that are somewhat isolated from each other. On the one hand, there is a
plethora of books that either describe Ayurvedic medicine (sometimes in considerable
detail) or purport to do so (but, in actuality, misrepresent it). On the other hand there is
the introduction of products, mainly herbal remedies that are promoted by the distributors
as being highly effective. The situation facing Ayurvedic medicine in America should be
compared with that of traditional Chinese medicine, because there are similarities and
differences that illustrate the possibilities and problems of introducing foreign traditional
medical systems. Few salient features turning the face of Ayurveda in US are -
o Currently, there are five colleges or institutes that provide some training in
Ayurveda, but all admit to providing only a limited aspect of the field and the
main ones are located in low population states, such as New Mexico (Ayurvedic
16
Global Ayurveda Scenario
19. Institute) and Iowa (College of Maharishi Ayur-Ved) that don’t stimulate
national trends as does California.
o The Indian government is not involved in export of Ayurveda and few Indian
writers have made an effort to have their books published for an American
audience and distributed in the U.S. Few Ayurvedic practitioners have stepped
forward to intensively promote the medical system here, and it has been nearly
impossible, until very recently, to get Indian crude herbs or even finished
products.
o Still, the power of Ayurveda, in terms of the duration of its existence and the size
of the country (India) that relies on it, will inevitably lead to a greater influence
on America. The future direction of Ayurveda in the U.S. will depend very much
on whether or not there is an increased effort on the part of the community of
Ayurvedic doctors, professors, and researchers to determine and then meet the
requirements of the unique American situation.
o Standardization of herbal materials is extremely difficult, and usually requires
development of non-traditional products that involve special extracts of
individual herbs rather than the complex preparations that have a long history of
use. These forces must be taken into account by proponents of Ayurvedic
medicine in the U.S.; otherwise, much effort could be wasted on very limited
results.
3.2.2. Organizations / Schools
3.2.2.1. AAPNA [25]
Association of Ayurvedic Professionals of North America situated in
567 Thomas Street, Coopersburg, PA 18036 began as a discussion amongst Ayurvedic
professionals in 2002. AAPNA wanted to create a community of Ayurvedic professionals
with the common goal of growing the presence of Ayurveda in integrative health care.
AAPNA is since grown working to unite Ayurvedic and integrative medicine health
professionals, students, academic institutes, and corporations throughout North America
and internationally.
3.2.2.2. California College of Ayurveda (CCA) [26]
The California College of Ayurveda (CCA) offers the most comprehensive
curriculum in the field of Ayurvedic Medicine in the United States. CCA is the first
established, and longest-running, private Ayurvedic educational program in California,
17
Global Ayurveda Scenario
20. and is approved by the Bureau for Private Postsecondary Education (BPPE) as prescribed
by the standards set forth in the Education Code.
3.2.2.3. Ayurveda Courses [27]
Ayurveda Courses offered by Indian Schools in India for the western students – at Kerala,
Basic Ayurveda Learning Programme
Basic Principles Of Ayurveda
Introduction To Kerala Ayurveda
Ayurveda Therapy
Introduction To Panchakarma
Ayurvedic Beauty Concept
Introduction To Ayurveda Products
Introduction To Ayurvedic Diagnostic Methods
Introduction To Ayurvedic Spa Designing
Diploma In International Spa Therapy
3.2.2.4. Ayurveda Schools around World
3.2.2.4. 1. AYURVEDIC SCHOOLS IN THE U.S.A.
Interest in Ayurveda in the United States began in the 1970's, largely as the result
of efforts by the Maharishi Mahesh Yogi organization of Transcendental Meditation.
Interest continued to grow as Indian physicians came to the United States in the 1980's.
The Ayurveda schools in USA offer Institutional and also online learning of the Indian
traditional system of medicine – Ayurveda. [http://www.loaj.com/index.html] Ayurveda
is likely to continue to grow in America and eventually take its place among the other
licensed health care professions.
In most States, schools require State approval to operate. State approval is based
primarily upon financial stability and professional operation. Several institutions in the
country have successfully by-passed State regulations by declaring themselves religious
institutions or churches or by structuring their program in ways to avoid State regulation.
These schools, operating illegally, are generally much less professionally run. Because of
limited oversight, these schools continue to operate.
Ayurvedic massage is regulated through the massage laws of most states. In five
states, California, Idaho, Minnesota, New Mexico and Rhode Island, specific laws, often
referred to as “Health Freedom Acts”, were passed protecting the practice of alternative
medicine and the practitioners who provide those services.
18
Global Ayurveda Scenario
21. Having no formal scope of practice defined through legislation, the practice of
Ayurveda is defined more by what cannot be done than by what can be legally practiced.
While the laws in each state vary, there are many commonalities to these laws that restrict
the practice of Ayurveda, the medical practice acts established in each state being the
most significant. The following is a list of actions that are generally considered illegal in
the United States for an India-trained Ayurvedic physician who come to the United States
on a work visa or through immigration may practice Ayurveda within the allowable
scope.
1- Ayurveda Practitioners cannot call themselves a Doctor, even if possessing a
doctorate degree from India or a PhD.
2- Practitioners may not diagnose medical disease. A practitioner of Ayurveda may
declare that a patient is suffering from a vitiation of pachaka pitta in the rasa
dhatu of the annavaha srota but may not declare that the patient is suffering from
hyperacidity or an ulcer, or the Sanskrit equivalents: Urdvarga Amlapitta and
Grahani.
3- Practitioners cannot interfere with the prescriptions or recommendations made by
a licensed physician.
4- Practitioners cannot invade the body or perform any other procedure that
penetrates the skin or any orifice of the body. This places the practice of nasya
and basti in jeopardy [28].
The National Association has not taken any action against these schools. The
National Ayurvedic Medical Association is the major body in the United States
representing the Ayurvedic profession. A non-profit association, it was founded in 1998.
According to the 2007 National Health Interview Survey, which included a
comprehensive survey of CAM use by Americans, more than 200,000 U.S. adults had
used Ayurvedic medicine in the previous year. NCCAM supported research on therapies
used in Ayurvedic medicine includes: [29]
Herbal therapies, including curcuminoids (substances found in turmeric), used
for cardiovascular conditions
A compound from the cowhage plant (Mucuna pruriens), used to prevent or
lessen side effects from Parkinson’s disease drugs
Three botanicals (ginger, turmeric, and boswellia) used to treat inflammatory
disorders such as arthritis and asthma
19
Global Ayurveda Scenario
23. Laboratories (RRL) are also involved in the regional Medicinal and Aromatic Plant
(MAP) conservation and proper utilization through R&D. RRLThiruvananthapuram is
involved in search for bioactive/polymer compounds from natural resources and
development of new synthetic systems of technological interest; agro-processing of and
value addition to spices, coconut, oil palm, cassava, etc. In short, a separate Ayurveda,
Siddha and Unani Technical Advisory Board (ASUDTAB), an Ayurveda, Siddha and
Unani Drugs Consultative Committee (ASUDCC) Pharmacopoeial Laboratory of Indian
Medicine (PLIM) are some of the government initiatives. Pharmacopoeial Committees
have been constituted separately for ASU systems. It is the responsibility of these
Committees to lay down standards of quality, purity and strength of drugs and approve
drug formularies. So far, 326 monographs of Ayurveda drugs in 4 volumes, 45 of Unani
drugs, 916 of Homeopathic drugs have been published. Another 98 monographs on
Ayurveda drugs are in the pipeline.
Increasing beauty consciousness of consumers, a large chunk of Ayurvedic
research papers regarding properties of Ayurvedic substances to enhance beauty and the
size and potential of Indian cosmetics industry of Rs.840 crores. Ayurvedic cosmetic
products to capture the beauty market like Kaveri fairness cream, Kaveri milk cream,
Pankajakasthuri dandruff oil etc.
4.3. Features of Present Global Demand for Ayurvedic Products
1. The pure classical traditions as followed by Arya Vaidya Sala Kottakkal (AVS), Arya
Vaidya pharmacy, Coimbatore, which revolve around a physician and his/ her
prescription. The growth of this sector is very slow but steady.
2. The growth pattern using classical as well as patent and proprietary medicines (PP) and
OTC (Over the Counter) products. Probably Dabur is the best example. Their classical
side is rather slow in growth and expansion where as their PP products are popular.
3. The growth pattern of PP and OTC alone with a focus on the modern medicine
practitioners as well as new ayurvedic generation physicians. Himalaya Drug Company
makes such preparations and perhaps its fast growth in the last few decades is an
indicative of this trend.
The main issues the industry faces in terms of quality and standardization are:
Lack of Product and process validation:
Lack of Quality Control and quality assurance:
Lack of GLP and GMP:
Lack of Toxicological/ Safety Studies:
21
Global Ayurveda Scenario
24. Inadequacies with existing patent laws and protection of Ayurvedic
knowledge
There is a need for vertical integration in the industry and vertical clustering.
That may create growth and employment opportunities through linkage effects. The
private initiatives should be encouraged regarding standardization, documentation,
ideological mismatch and property rights problems, raw material depletion etc. Initiatives
and incentives for more expenditure in R&D in developing new drugs and extracts other
than clinical trials and standardization should be brought in as a new agenda and a
national legislation for property rights and grass root innovation should be formed.
Clearly there is a need to conduct trials which use not just simple, but these complex
herbal compounds. The interactions between the constituents in a compound may be
crucial to its modus operandi. There is an immediate need for trial promotion in the
compound drugs.
4.4. World Bank role in Ayurveda
World Bank [32] group have several project to support the cultivation of
medicinal plants through various lending and non-lending initiatives, the World Bank is
assisting the countries of South Asia to address these needs. Some of these efforts are,
The Kerala Forestry Project, The Sri Lanka Medicinal Plants Project, Ritigala
Community Based Development and Environment Management Foundation, The India
Capacity Building for Food and Drugs Quality Control Project, etc. There is a need to
launch number of projects for arid region of India.
Although the Bank has supported some pioneering work in the South Asia region
related to medicinal plants and, more generally, natural resource management, much
remains to be done. In the future, it will be important to mainstream medicinal plants and
other non-timber forest products into natural resource management and development
programs. To boost the quality of plant resource management and increase supplies of
these resources:
1. Agricultural support agencies should strengthen extension efforts to farmers.
2. Research institutions need to improve basic knowledge about cultivation
practices and dissemination of plant species.
3. Conservation agencies and NGOs should promote conservation of vulnerable
species at the grass-roots level.
4. Community organizations need to adopt sustainable collection and
management practices on public lands.
22
Global Ayurveda Scenario
25. 5. Profitable private enterprises for processing, transporting, and marketing
must be developed.
6. Government institutions need to be strengthened to regulate these important
resources and, at the same time, foster their sustainable development and
conservation.
7. Future initiatives should also link the management and conservation of
medicinal plants (and other non-timber forest products) with the commercial
development of these resources. In this spirit, every new forestry project
should be designed to have a significant effect on the sustained use of non-
timber forest products. Management and conservation must be integrated
with programs in other sectors: in health, to foster better use of plant
materials; in education, to build awareness of the need for protection and
judicious development; and in agriculture, to strengthen farmer extension
methods for plant cultivation.
8. The Bank's new lending instruments-learning and innovation loans and
adaptable program loans-are well suited to these efforts. They can allow for
project design flexibility to incorporate lessons learned, encourage
institutional reforms, and, where appropriate, foster pilot exercises to test
new approaches. With the commitment of governments, local communities,
and NGOs, coupled with international support, the medicinal plant resources
of South Asia have a chance of surviving, thriving, and continuing to aid
billions of people.
9. The Global Environment Facility (GEF) provides grant and concessional
funds to developing countries and those with economies in transition for
projects and activities that address four aspects of the global environment:
biological diversity, climate change, international waters, and the ozone
layer. Activities related to land degradation, primarily those addressing
deforestation and desertification as they relate to the focal areas, are also
eligible for funding. Along with the United Nations Development
Programme and the United Nations Environment Programme, the World
Bank is an implementing agency for the GEF.
International Conference on Medicinal Plants and Ayurveda was held 16th
December, 2002 at India International Centre 40, Max-Muller Marg, New Delhi. The
Conference was organized by UTTHAN (Centre for Sustainable Development and
23
Global Ayurveda Scenario
26. Poverty Alleviation) in association with RIFA (Russian-Indian Federation of Ayurveda).
The Chairman of UTTHAN, Dr. D. N. Tiwari, Member, Planning Commission, and
Govt. of India was the Organized Secretary. On Conclusion, the conference made
following Recommendation. During the conference following issues were discussed:
1. Policy and legal issues for the development of Ayurveda and medicinal Plants.
2. Development of Medicinal Plants sector.
3. Ayurvedic Drugs Development and Product Standardization.
4. Globalization of Ayurveda and medicinal plant sector.
After a detailed discussion the conference made following recommendations
1. Ayurveda is a holistic health science, having diversity, flexibility, accessibility,
affordability and have a potential to meet with the new challenges to human life.
2. The concept of destress and detoxification packages of Ayurveda can largely
solve psychosomatic problems.
3. Panchkarma and Yogic therapy are popular and health tourists visiting India
should be treated well.
4. The Ayurvedic treatments are simpler, gentler and cheaper and therefore to be
popularized.
5. The Ayurveda should play the major role in national health care system.
Globalization of Ayurveda should be our goal.
6. Ayurveda is the only medical science which gives equal stress to the preventive
and curative aspects of health to be highlighted.
4.5. Development of Medicinal Plant Sector
1. Demand for medicinal plants is rapidly increasing; therefore, organized
cultivation of medicinal plant is urgently required for meeting the demand.
2. While selecting the germplasm, standardization of toxicity, self-life of the
product, the potency and the concentration has to be taken care of.
3. Harvesting, drying and storage of medicinal plants must ensure the purity
and safety against microbial contamination and quality deterioration.
4. There should be a linkage between growers and pharmaceutical companies to
ensure marketability of raw drugs.
5. Village level cultivation of medicinal plants should ensure health,
nutritional and environmental security.
24
Global Ayurveda Scenario
27. 4.6. Products Standardization
1. For popularizing ayurvedic medicine it is necessary to promote (a)
standardization, (b) safety, (c) quality, (d) integrity and (e) authenticity of the
practices and the products.
2. At least one drug for each major disease should be identified and the
manufacturing process, standard, quality and clinical trial should be
completed within stipulated period.
3. Good Manufacturing Practices (GMP) should be adopted while
manufacturing Ayurvedic medicines.
4. There should be State Drug Testing Laboratory to check the quality and
standard of Ayurvedic medicines.
5. All pharmacies should have a research and development activity at least to
provide rationale to the products they want to sell in the market.
6. Ayurvedic industry should incorporate the latest advances of science and
technology in the manufacturing process and clinical practices.
7. Ayurvedic industries should be given "priority industry status" and declared
as "green industry".
8. Guidelines should be framed for patent and proprietary medicines and
manufacture to have efficacy and safety.
9. Priority would be recorded to research covering clinical trials, pharmacology,
toxicology, standardization and study of pharmacology kinetics in respect of
identified drugs.
4.7. Globalization of Ayurveda and Medicinal Plant Sector
1. Ayurveda community of the entire world should be brought [under the single
banner of a global federation for ayurvedic practitioners.
2. India should upgrade educational centers of Ayurveda such as BHU
Varanasi, Gujarat Ayurveda University, Jamnagar, National Institute of
Ayurveda, Jaipur and proposed Deemed University of Ayurveda, Paprola,
H.P. to extend educational facility to in India and abroad interested people.
3. India should produce quality ayurvedic medicine and make it available to
different countries for utilization.
4. Collaborative research should be encouraged between India and other
countries for propagating Ayurveda.
5. Panchkarma and Yoga therapy should be popularized in other countries.
25
Global Ayurveda Scenario
28. 6. India should prepare a website to provide all the required data in Ayurveda
such as GMP regulations, R & D findings, raw material standardization,
trade and market information and other things relevant for the global
community.
The rapidly expanding movement to minimise the impact of full implementation
of the European Union (EU) herb law, the Traditional Herbal Medicinal Products
Directive (THMPD), took another major step forward on Monday 28th March at a
symposium organised by the campaign group Save Herbal Medicine headed by Amarjeet
Bhamra. Following the broad expression of support from a wide cross-section of
European herbal interests last week, the ANH-Intl judicial review and other important
initiatives were widely backed by representatives of the UK Ayurveda community. Under
the fully operational THMPD, non-European medical traditions like Ayurveda will see
hundreds, even thousands, of perfectly safe and effective herbal products banned from
1st May 2011 because there is no place in the Directive’s regime for them – they are
simply locked out. The THMPD regulates herbal products, and the UK is unique in the
EU in that the government has announced that it will regulate herbal practitioners through
the Health Professions Council (HPC) [33].
4.8. Trends in Ayurvedic Pharmacy Education
Ayurvedic Pharmacy (AP) is emerging as an independent science largely due to
global acceptance of Ayurveda. Although Ayurvedic Pharmacy is not new subject but
recently it has faced drastic transition. Ayurvedic Pharmacy has roots in Dravyguna, Ras-
Shastra and Bhaishjya Kalpana. Ayurvedic Pharmacy utilizes drugs of composite origin
including plant, animal, mineral and marine sources. Formulation is Ayurveda are of two
types: 1. Traditional formulations and 2. Patented and proprietary medicines [34].
Traditional formulations are based on methodology mentioned in ancient
pharmacy lexicons related to Ayurveda. AYUSH, the prime body dealing with Ayurvedic
education and regulatory affairs related to Ayurvedic drug industry has issued several
guidelines related to drug manufacturing. The courses available in Ayurvedic pharmacy
are in initial phase and strict master plan is required for enhancing quality education.
Recently Lovely professional University in Punjab has taken the initiative of
launching diploma, degree and masters programs in Ayurvedic pharmacy. Curriculum for
M.S. Pharma (Traditional Medicine) issued by National Institute of Pharmaceutical
Education and Research (NIPER) can act as benchmark for enhancing popularity of
courses related to Ayurvedic pharmaceutical sciences. J.J.S College of Pharmacy,
26
Global Ayurveda Scenario
29. Octamund has taken the initiative to bridge the gap between traditional and modern
pharmaceutical sciences by introducing course in Phytopharmacy. The course gives due
attention to Ayurveda or other traditional medicinal systems with stress on modern
aspects.
It is time to take essential steps for welfare for education in Ayurveda keeping in
mind the reorganization of traditional system of medicine by World Health Organization.
Traditional Chinese System (TCM) can act as role model for imparting quality education
in Ayurvedic Pharmaceutical Sciences. Pharmacy education in Western Herbal Medicine
or phytotherapy is highly developed curriculum and recently subjects like phyto-
pharmacotherapy and phyto-pharmacovigilance have been added to increase the viability
of the subject.
4.9. Reverse Pharmacology
Typical reductionist approach of modern science is being revisited over the
background of systems biology and holistic approaches of traditional practices.
Scientifically validated and technologically standardized botanical products may be
explored on a fast track using innovative approaches like reverse pharmacology and
systems biology, which are based on traditional medicine knowledge. Traditional
medicine constitutes an evolutionary process as communities and individuals continue to
discover practices transforming techniques. Ayurvedic knowledge and experiential
database can provide new functional leads to reduce time, money and toxicity - the three
main hurdles in the drug development [35].
Interdisciplinary School of Health Sciences, University of Pune, begin the search
based on Ayurvedic medicine research, clinical experiences, observations or available
data on actual use in patients as a starting point. Since safety of the materials is already
established from traditional use track record, we undertake pharmaceutical development,
safety validation and pharmacodynamic studies in parallel to controlled clinical studies.
Thus, drug discovery based on Ayurveda follows a ‘Reverse Pharmacology’ path from
Clinics to Laboratories.
4.10. Teaching reforms
“The wise regard the science of life as the supreme science, because it teaches
mankind what constitutes well in both worlds, here and hereafter. That is the importance
of Ayurveda.” The development of the modern system of Ayurveda education from 1870
to 1970 has been a great saga [36].
27
Global Ayurveda Scenario
30. For 35 years, the syllabus was not translated into English. The responsible body
is the Central Council of Indian Medicine. The translation has been done and circulated
in 2011, so that teachers have been able to look into the syllabus. Today's world
encourages evidence-based teaching and practice, another important point, which was
practiced in Ayurveda from ages. But the work is going n to show the evidence in terms
of present day parameters. Teaching methods deliberately reduce factual knowledge;
replace didactic teaching with problem based learning directed by the students
themselves. Traditional classroom teaching is old fashioned; too detailed, producing
doctors with poor interpersonal skills. Rather we must improve doctors’ interpersonal
skills, so they can train students to be empathetic and relate better to patients and their
problems. Teaching should thus be hospital-oriented, and clinically oriented; then
students remember well. Didactic teaching, lectures and tutorials, is outdated spoon-
feeding, stifling creative thinking, keeping students inferior. Lectures are still necessary,
but should be effective.
Here are points to improve lectures:
Use concrete examples to illustrate abstract principles,
Give handouts of the lecture slides with space to write notes.
Allow for pauses in delivery for students to write notes.
Check for understanding by asking questions or by running mini quies.
Keep students attentive so they are able to understand.
There is an ancient Chinese proverb, “Tell me and I forget, Show me and I
remember, Involve me and I understand.”
A study undertaken by Kishor Patwardhan et.al., indicates that there are some
serious flaws in the existing system of the graduate level Ayurvedic education. Only a
good exposure to basic clinical skills during the medical education can produce a
confident physician. Though many topics related to the essential clinical skills are
included in the curriculum, the education system has not been able to produce skillful
clinicians. Since the Ayurvedic graduates play an important role in the primary healthcare
delivery system of the country, this study seeks the attention of governing bodies to take
necessary steps ensuring the exposure of the students to the basic clinical skills. Along
with the strict implementation of all the regulatory norms during the process of
recognition of the colleges, introducing some changes in the policy model may also be
required to tackle the situation. See Annex-3 for the questioners offered to students and
28
Global Ayurveda Scenario
31. teachers to draw the conclusion [37]. CCIM has issued a notification on 25th April 2012
published in the Gazette to change the syllabus and the method of curriculum.
4.11. MOU for Globalization
The Department of AYUSH has stepped up its activities to achieve its mandate in
certain specific areas such as improvement of educational standards, strengthening of the
regulatory mechanism, protection of consumers’ interests, quality control, research and
for propagation of AYUSH on the international front. This was stated by Shri Anil
Kumar, Secretary, AYUSH in New Delhi today.
Department of AYUSH has taken a series of measures in the recent past to deal
with quality control issues of ASU and H drugs. These include notification of the shelf
life for the ASU (Ayurveda, Siddha and Unani) medicines, amendment in the labelling
and licensing provisions, imposing a legal ban on the misleading use of prefixes or
suffixes in ASU medicines, initiating action for setting up of a more effective central
regulatory mechanism etc.
Department is now increasingly engaging with other countries in a more
structured and concrete manner by entering into MoUs for cooperation in Traditional
Medicine as well as for setting up of Academic Chairs in educational institutions abroad.
Thus as compared to the previous years where only one MoU had been signed with China
in 2008, MoUs on Traditional Medicine have already been entered into with Malaysia
and Trinidad & Tobago in the recent past. An MoU with Nepal is currently under
Government’s consideration. Furthermore, MoUs with Nepal and Serbia are also in the
pipeline. In addition, Academic Chairs have already been set up in South Africa, and are
in the process of being set up in Germany and Trinidad & Tobago. Chairs will also be set
up in Nepal and Sri Lanka after the MoUs have been signed [38]. The series of MOU
signed and under pipeline are enlisted in the Aneex-4.
Other than AYUSH department a direct approach and MOU to the foreign
Governments and institutions are made by the Ayurveda Institutions and NGOs working
for Ayurveda. Some examples are here as such.
On 22nd April 2003, the R. A. Podar Ayurved Medical College, a Govt. of
Maharashtra Institution has signed an MOU with Nelson R. Mandela School of
Medicine, University of Natal, Durban, South Africa for setting up Ayurveda
Curriculum for various courses aimed at imparting Education for the award of
BAM&S Degree in South Africa. This MOU also aims at a collaborative
29
Global Ayurveda Scenario
32. research in many areas where traditional or Ayurvedic Medicines can offer better
cures/management than the other conventional systems of medicine. Priority
areas like HIV/AIDS, Diabetes, Bronchial Asthma etc. shall be taken up for joint
funding from international agencies [39].
The Ayurveda Foundation of South Africa (TAFSA) has signed a memorandum
of understanding (MoU) with the Shree Niramay Ayurveda Kendra (SNAK) and
Beyond Horizons Health And Social circle (BHHAS), both based in Pune and
International Ayurveda Association (India chapter) for promotion, learning,
development and practice of ayurveda medicine with special reference to
traditional healing systems of South Africa. As per the MoU, student training
programmes will be conducted according to the criteria, standards and
knowledge of ayurveda and traditional healing systems of South Africa [40].
Roy Padayachee, South African Minister of Communications and patron of the
Ayurveda Foundation of South Africa, is eager to adapt India's experience to his
country's circumstances [41].
5. Ayurveda software
Much software appears in the market to educate the common man. Few of the
software targeted the physician needs and make the databases and hospital management
software. The pioneer in this aspect is CDAC. They make software by name - AyuSoft is
a vision of converting classical Ayurvedic texts into comprehensive, authentic, intelligent
and interactive knowledge repositories with complex analytical tools. In a nutshell,
AyuSoft focuses on data mining wherein several databases interact with each other
through the controlling computational engine enabling the users to act upon the useful
information extracted from the enormous amount of available data. It helps the Ayurveda
physician with parameter modifications –
Patient Information Management System (PIMS)
Case Analysis
Disease Diagnosis and Treatment
Constitution (Physiological and Psychological) and Tissue Assessment
Assist with Multimedia based Encyclopedia
Analytical Reporting Tool to make Multidimensional complex search of
signs, symptoms, causative factors, diseases, herbs, formulation,
therapeutic procedures, diet, lifestyle & treatment principles and Specific
treatment options could be searched
30
Global Ayurveda Scenario
33. 6. Conclusion
History of Ayurveda in Japan went back to the 6th centuary, when Buddhism
brought Ayurveda as Buddhism medicine to Japan. On the other hand, Ayurveda could
not gain full attention until 1970. In the 21st century, Ayurveda must be an essential
wisdom of life and medicine not only in Japan but also in all over the world [42]. As the
American acts and rules are strict and are specific about the rudiments of pesticides and
restricted herbs inclusion. Australia doesn’t allow the oils and ghee, even though they are
under GMP. Governments do not allow the doctors to practice in their country and
honors them as health workers [43].
As far as his therapeutics is concerned, Galen mixed empirical testing of the
effects of medicines with speculation on their mode of action, namely the heating,
cooling, drying and moistening effects they might have on the body. These actions are
still integral to Eastern systems of natural medicine such as Ayurveda and Unani Tibb,
while in Western herbal medicine their prevalence diminished after the rise of a
mechanical philosophy in the later 17th century [44].
The Globe is vast to do commercialization of the Ayurveda in better way than
India. The inspired Indian Vaidyas migrate and mushroomed in the west with small
pockets of “Panchakarma” units. Ultimately we require a strong backup to globalize the
Ayurveda technically and scientifically. To fulfill those objectives we have to start -
Offering introductory courses for Foreign Nationals
Conducting Panchakarma / Dietician certificate courses for foreigners
Introducing Distance learning programs
Number of groups from MoU institutions / GOI / WHO to traine
WHO APW / DFC projects to undertake
With this we can achieve the goal of Globalization of Ayurveda by 2020.
Jai Hind
31
Global Ayurveda Scenario
34. Global Ayurveda Scenario
References
1] Animals in Ayurveda, Amruth February Vol 1, issue 13 , FRLHT, Bangalore, India # Wele, A. (2004). A Report
on Metals & Minerals, FRLHT, Bangalore, ** FRLHT Databases (2007)
2] Jayaprakash Narayan, Teaching reforms required for Ayurveda, J Ayurveda Integr Med. 2010 Apr-Jun; 1(2):
150–157. doi: 10.4103/0975-9476.65075, PMCID: PMC3151386,
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3151386/
3] Wujastyk,D. (2008). “The Evolution of Indian Government Policy on Ayur-veda in the Twentieth Century,” chapter 3 in
Dagmar Wujastyk and Frederi c k M . S m i t h ( e d s . ) , M o d e r n a n d G l o b a l A y u r v e d a : P l u r a l i s m a n d
P a r a d i g m s .New York: SUNY Press, pp.43–76. ISBN: 9780791474907
4]http://univie.academia.edu/DominikWujastyk/Papers/484611/The_Evolution_of_Indian_Government_Policy_on_
Ayurveda_in_the_Twentieth_Century
5] The Acts up to 1924 are cited from Bhore 1946: Survey, 29.
6] The paragraph numbers (§) refer to discussions of these Reports byChopra 1948:25–67.
7] The acts up to 1962 are cited fromStepan 1983: 302.
8] Government of India 1970.
9] Government of India 2002.
10] The First Schedule deals with bureaucratic matters concerning regional representation on the Council.
11] See http://www.ccimindia.org/1_10.htm
12] See http://www.ccimindia.org/1_11.htm
13] See http://www.ccimindia.org/1_12.htm
14] Meulenbeld (1999–2002) documents these changes extensively. See also Wujastyk in press.
15] The Chopra Report’s title page says that it is Vol.1: Report and Recommendations. This is allthat is
available in the British Library’s copy.
16] See the British Medical Journal obituary (P.N.C. & G.R.McR. 1973).
17] Jaggi 2000:312,Shankar 1992:146)
18] Dr Udupa subsequently met the medical anthropologist, Prof. Charles Leslie, and their detailed
conversations informed some of Prof. Leslie’s later writings on medical
professionalisation and modernization in India (Leslie 2004).
19] Amritpal Singh, An Overview of Dravyguna in Ayurvedic Pharmaceutical Sciences Curriculum,
Ethnobotanical Leaflets 12: 866-67. 2008., http://www.ethnoleaflets.com/leaflets/dravygun.htm
20] Dr Arun Bhatt MD (Med) FICP (Ind) MFPM (UK), President, ClinInvent Research Pvt Ltd, Mumbai,
arunbhatt@clininvent.com
1
Global Ayurveda Scenario – References
35. 21] De Smet PAGM Herbal Remedies N Engl J Med 2002 347: 2046-56
22] Department of Indian System of Medicine and Homeopathy Draft National Policy 2001
www.indianmedicine.nic.in
23] WHO Fact Sheet N°134, Revised May 2003
24] Subhuti Dharmananda, AyurVijnana, Vol. 7, 2001
25] www.aapna.org
26] http://www.ayurvedacollege.com/
27] http://www.ayurdoctor.com/Courses.asp
28] Dr. Marc Halpern, Status & Development of Ayurveda in the United States,
http://www.ayurvedacollege.com/printpdf/articles/drhalpern/Status_Development_Ayurveda_USA
29] http://nccam.nih.gov/about
30] http://www.naturalhealers.com/find.shtml
31] M S Harilal, Sculpting for a Global Market: Indian Ayurvedic Manufacturing Sector in the Open
Regime Fifth Development Convention for South Indian ICSSR institutes at Dharwad, April 2006 for
their comments on an earlier version of this article.
32]http://www.eplantscience.com/botanical_biotechnology_biology_chemistry/medicinal_plants/present_
and_future/market_scenario.php
33] UK Ayurveda community joins movement for THMPD reform, http://www.anh-europe.org/
34] Amritpal Singh and S.S Bhagel, Recent Trends in Ayurvedic Pharmacy Education in India,
Ethnobotanical Leaflets 12: 888-90.
35] Bhushan Patwardhan et.al. Reverse Pharmacology and Systems Approaches for Drug Discovery and
Development, Current Bioactive Compounds 2008, Vol. 4, No. 4
36] Jayaprakash Narayan, Teaching reforms required for Ayurveda, J Ayurveda Integr Med. 2010 Apr-
Jun; 1(2): 150–157. doi: 10.4103/0975-9476.65075, PMCID: PMC3151386,
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3151386/
37] Kishor Patwardhan, Sangeeta Gehlot, Girish Singh, and H. C. S. Rathore, The Ayurveda Education in
India:HowWell Are the Graduates Exposed to Basic Clinical Skills? Hindawi Publishing Corporation,
Evidence-Based Complementary and Alternative Medicine, Volume 2011, Article ID 197391, 6 pages,
doi:10.1093/ecam/nep113
38] pib.nic.in/newsite/erelease.aspx?relid=85805
39] http://www.ayurvedinstitute.com/global.asp
40] http://articles.timesofindia.indiatimes.com/2009-09-07/pune/28095109_1_mou-south-africa-training-
programmes
2
Global Ayurveda Scenario – References
36. 41] http://ayushdarpan.blogspot.in/2011/10/india-establishing-ayurveda-chairs-at.html
42] Kazuo UEBABA, PRESENT STATUS AND PROSPECT OF AYURVEDAN IN JAPAN, Ancient
science of life, Vol: XX1(4) April / 2002 pages 218-229
43] Ayurveda comes west – Ancient Healing Art gathering Fresh Attention, Breakthoughs in Health, Vol
2 issue 4, pages 7-10
44] Graeme Tobyn. et.al, The Western Herbal Tradition, Churchill Livingstone, 2011, PP 6
3
Global Ayurveda Scenario – References
37. Annex-1
Global Ayurveda Scenario
Global Ayurveda Schools
Schools in Austria
School of Ayurvedic Massage, Graz
affiliated with International Academy of Ayurveda
www.massageschule.at
Dr. Sebastian Mathew, Ayurveda-und Venen-Klinik, Klagenfurt
www.ayurvedaklinik.com
Schools in England/UK
The Manipal Ayurvedic University of Europe
(a joint venture between The Manipal University and the Ayurvedic Company of Great
Britain)
www.ayurvedagb.com
Schools in France
European Vedic Institute, affiliated with International Academy of Ayurveda
www.atreya.com
Tapovan, www.tapovan.fr
Schools in Germany
Ayata Ayurveda, Karlsruhe/Waldbronn, www.ayata-ayurveda.de
Vedaconsulting Gmbh, Kleve, affiliated with International Academy of Ayurveda
www.vedaconsulting.de
Seva Akademie, Muenchen, www.ayurveda-seva.de
Euroved Akademie, Bell, www.euroved.com
Yoga Vidia, Bad Meinberg
Schools in Greece
Ultimate Health Center, Glyfada, www.ultimatehealthcenter.com
Schools in Hungary
Hungarian Ayurveda Medical Foundation, Budapest, www.ayurveda.hu
University of Miskolc
University of Debrecen
Schools in Israel
The Israel Center for Ayurveda, Broshim Campus, Tel Aviv University
www.ayurveda-center.co.il
1
Global Ayurveda Scenario – Annex-1
38. Schools in Italy
Ayurvedic Point, www.ayurvedicpoint.it
SKA Ayurveda, Milano, affiliated with International Academy of Ayurveda
www.ska-ayu.org
Gitananda Ashram, Liguria
International Yoga and Ayurveda School, Milan, www.cysurya.milano.it
Schools in the Netherlands
Academy of Ayurvedic Studies, Amsterdam, www.ayurvedicstudies.nl
Schools in Poland
Foundation for Health, Poland, www.osrodecpomocyzwodoriu.com
Schools in Spain
School of Ayurvedic Culture, Barcelona, affiliated with International Academy of
Ayurveda, www.escueladeayurveda.com
Schools in Sweden
Swedish/Nordic Ayur-veda School, Maivor.stigengreen@ayur-veda.se
Skandinaviska Institutet för Hälsa och Andlig Utveckling., Stockholm
Web: wwww.skand.org
Schools in Switzerland
Sussane Godli, Web: www.godli.ch
Schools in South Africa
Ananda Sanga Educational Institute, affiliated with International Academy of Ayurveda
Web site: www.asanga.org.za
Schools in Japan
Ayurveda International Diffusing Association
Schools in Thailand
Integrated Medical Clinic, www.dreddyclinic.com
Schools in Australia
Australian School of Ayurvedic Acupuncture
Australian College of Ayurvedic Medicine, www.ayurvedahc.com
Schools in New Zealand
Wellpark College of Natural Therapies, Auckland, www.wellpark.co.nz
Schools in Brazil
2
Global Ayurveda Scenario – Annex-1
39. Suddha Dharma Mandala, Sao Paolo, www.suddha.net
Schools in Argentina
International Yoga Federation, Argentina, www.fly.yoganet.org
Fundacion de Salud Ayurveda Prema, Buenos Aires University
Schools in Chile
Ayurvastu center - Vaidya Mauricio Leon, www.ayurvastu.com
United States of America Ayurveda Schools
Alaska
Alaska Kanyakumari Ayurveda School, 700 West 41st Ave. Suite 101, Anchorage,
Alaska 99503, Web site: www.kanyakumari.us, Email: info@kanyakumari.us, Tel: 414-
755-2858
California
Yoga and Ayurveda Program, Directed by Mas Vidal, Location: Dancing Shiva Yoga
& Ayurveda, 7466 Beverly Blvd, Los Angeles, Ca 90036, www.dancingshiva.com, 323
934 VEDA (8332)
American University of Complementary Medicine, Los Angeles, Offers 660 hour
certificate program, Master of Science and Ph.D. programs, Web site: www.aucm.org
Email: marketing@aucm.org, Tel: 310-914-4116, Fax: 310-479-3376
Ayurveda Institute of America, Foster City, Directed by Dr. Jay Apte, 15 month
diploma in Ayurvedic Sciences, jayaptee@ayurvedainstitute.com,
www.ayurvedainstitute.com , Tel: 650-341-8400
California College of Ayurveda, Grass Valley, Director: Dr. Marc Halpern, Offers: 16
month full time diploma program (Clinical Ayurveda Specialist certification), 2 1/2 year
part time diploma program, Both followed by a 6 month internship,
www.ayurvedacollege.com , Tel: 866-541-6699
Dhanvantari Ayurveda Center, Monterey & Berkeley, Instructor/Facilitator: Vijaya
Stallings, M.A., Offers 500 hour Nationally Certified Ayurvedic Practitioner Training
Starts November 2005, Email: vijayastallings@hotmail.com, Tel: 510-282-5282, 757-
867-6720, 831-402-9770
3
Global Ayurveda Scenario – Annex-1
40. Ganesha Institute, Los Altos, Directed by Pratichi Mathur, www.healingmission.com
Tel: 650-961-8316 Toll free: 800-924-6815
Mount Madonna Institute College of Ayurveda, Watsonville, Dean: Cynthia Copple
7 month (3-day weekend a month) diploma program, 2 year Ayurvedic Practitioner AA
degree, 2 1/2 year MA degree. internship program. 445 Summit Road, Watsonville CA
95076, Tel: 408-846-4060, Email: info@MountMadonnaInstitute.org, Web site:
www.MountMadonnaInstitute.org
Tulsi School of Ayurveda, Orange, Directed by Dr. Sneha Tilak, BAMS, Ayurvedic
basics, Yoga and meditation, offers conferences, and seminars, Tel: 714-279-8680
Email:Vandana@tulsihealth.com, Web site:www.tulsihealth.com
Colorado
Alandia Ayurveda Gurukula, Boulder, CO, Director, Alakananda Ma, MB, BS,
Boulder, CO, 1000 and 1500 hours Ayurveda, Tel: 303-786-7437, Web site:
www.alandiashram.org, Email: info@alandiashram.org
Ayurvedic Certification Course, Denver, CO, Director: Pat Hansen, M.A., Colorado
state certified, approved by the Ayurvedic Institute, N.M., padmashakti@earthlink.net
Tel: 303-512-0819
Rocky Mountain Institute of Yoga & Ayurveda, Boulder, CO, Director: Sarasvati
Buhrman, PhD, Boulder CO, 750 hour program Yoga Therapy & Ayurveda, AyurDoula
program, rmiya@earthlink.net, Web site: www.rmiya.org ,Tel: 303-499-2910
Florida
Hindu University of America Orlando, FL, Offers Master's degrees in yoga and
Ayurveda. , Web site: www.hindu-University.edu, Email: staff@Hindu-University.edu
Tel: 407-275-0013
Florida Vedic College, Sarasota, FL, Directed by Dr. Light Miller, Offers Associate,
Bachelor's and Master's degrees through, Florida Vedic College.
www.ayurvedichealers.com, mal: earthess@aol.com Tel: 941-929-0999
4
Global Ayurveda Scenario – Annex-1
41. Illinois
Chicago Kanyakumari Ayurveda School, 30 Old Deerfield Rd. Suite 208, Highland
Park, IL. 60035, Web site: www.kanyakumari.us, Email: info@kanyakumari.us
Tel: 414-755-2858
Massachusetts
Kripalu School of Ayurveda, Lenox, MA, Dean of Curriculum:Hilary J. Garivaltis,
D.Ay. Web site: www.kripalu.org Email: ksa@kripalu.org Tel: 800-848-8702 X3
New Jersey
New Jersey Institute of Ayurveda, Director: William Courson, Chief Instructor : Dr.
Aparna Bapat, www.starseedyoga.com ayurveda@consultant.com Tel: (973) 783-1036,
X7
Ayurveda-Yoga Institute, Directors: Gandharva Sauls and Sarah Tomlinson, Chief
Ancient Ayurveda Instructor: Gandharva Sauls, Trainings and CD correspondence
www.ancient-ayurveda.com gandharva@earthlink.net
New York
Ayurvedic Holistic Center, Bayville, NY, Director: Swami Sada Shiva Tirtha
www.ayurvedahc.com
New Mexico
The Ayurvedic Institute, Albuquerque, NM, Director: Dr. Vasant Lad, Level I
Ayurvedic Studies Program, Level II Ayurvedic Studies Program, Pune Gurukula
Program, Ayurvedic Correspondence Course , www.ayurveda.com
Tel: 505-291-9698
American Institute of Vedic Science, Sante Fe, NM, Director: Dr. David Frawley
Correspondence course, www.vedanet.com Tel: 505-983-9385
5
Global Ayurveda Scenario – Annex-1
42. North Carolina
Blue Lotus Ayurveda Center, Asheville, NC , Director: Vishnu Dass, NTS, LMT.,
C.Ayu. www.bluelotusayurveda.com Tel: (828) 713-4266
Wise Earth School of Ayurveda, Candler, NC, Director: Swamini Mayatitananda
www.wisearth.org Tel: 828-258-9999
Pennsylvania
Ojas, LLC, Allentown, PA, Director: Dr.(Vaidya) Shekhar Annambhotla, B.A.M.S.,
M.D.(Ayurveda-India), YICC, RYT-500, CMT, Web site: www.ojas.us
Tel: 484-347-6110
Virginia
Dhanvantari Ayurveda Center, Portsmouth VA, Instructor/Facilitator: Vijaya
Stallings, M.A., Offers 500 hour Nationally Certified Ayurvedic Practitioner Training
Starts March 2006, Email: vijayastallings@hotmail.com
Tel: 510-282-5282, 757-867-6720, 831-402-9770
Washington
AYU Ayurvedic Academy, Seattle, WA, Director: Dr. Vivek Shanbhag, One-year
weekend program, Level I 400 hours to Certified Ayurvedic Practitioner, Level II 400
hours to Advanced CAP , Master's degree in coordination with Hindu University of
America, Web site:www.ayurvedaonline.com Email: drs@ayurvedaonline.com
Tel: 206-729-9999
Wisconsin School
Kanyakumari Ayurveda and Yoga Wellness Center, State approved: Certified
Ayurveda Educator and Practitioner Training Programs, Panchakarma technician
training. Yoga teacher training programs approved by Yoga Alliance. 6789 N. Green Bay
Rd. Milwaukee, WI 53209 Web site:www.kanyakumari.us Email: info@kanyakumari.us
Tel: 414-755-2858
6
Global Ayurveda Scenario – Annex-1
43. SATELLITE OR SECONDARY SCHOOL Locations: Kanyakumari Ayurveda
1630 Old Deerfield Rd. Suite 208, Highland Park, IL 60035
Kanyakumari Ayurveda, 4007 Old Seward Hwy., Suite 100 (Gallerie North Center)
Anchorage, AK 99503
7
Global Ayurveda Scenario – Annex-1