1. Amruta Bindu
+˜ÌßtÌ Î–ÌzÙù @ÈÚßä}Ú ¸M¥Úß
Editor in Chief Editor
Dr.G.B.Patil Dr.K.Siva Rama Prasad
Volume 1, Issue 1 Inaugural Issue September 2000
DYNAMICS OF ABHYANGA Message from Editor in Chief
Dr. G.B.Patil
Dr.Siva Rama Prasad Kethamakka Principal, DGMAMC
Reader in Kayachikitsa, Dear readers,
PGARC, DGMAMC
In the world of information and Infor-
mation Technology, every thing should be put
in an informative way. Proper communica-
1. Physical pressure moving the fluids in in-
tion is the key of successful way to enter in
ternal environment
to the world of information.
The Abhyanga is acting over the skin, It is the responsibility of us to have a
which is a seat of vata. The skin not only a seat ray of hope regarding the primordial health
of vata but also for Lasika (lymph). Thus the science, through our great ancient Ayurvedic
lymphatic drainage will be the prime effect of science. Now it is the need of the hour to
Abhyanga. Lymph possesses a relatively large put before the world, as it is more eager to
amount of the amino acid tryptophan, especially accept our science whole-heartedly.
when compared with the dietary intake. It like-
“The greater becomes the horizon of knowledge”.
wise has a large amount of albumin (protein),
Some of the renowned successful
glucose and histaminase (breaks down hista-
Ayurvedic personalities do not reveal their
mine).
inner force of Ayurvedic knowledge; it is the
opinion and complaint, which is true up to
Continued on page 2 some extent. So, I feel it is the bounden duty
of one and all specially teachers of Ayurveda
INSIDE THIS ISSUE to spread the life force of this great science.
Just to fulfill the humble desire now I
1 Message from Editor in Chief - Dr. G.B. Patil feel great pleasure to put in your hands this
1 Dynamics of Abhyanga - Dr.K.Siva Rama Prasad first issue of AMRUTA BINDU monthly news-
3 Slokas for recitation letter of magazine, which is published by
4 Editorial, Unsolved Case, DGM Campus NEWS Publication Division of our reputed Institu-
tion. Our eminent editorial board has de-
5 Ama in Biochemical version - Dr.A.K. Panda
cided to incorporate interesting, informative
6 @ºÚ´ÀMVÚ¥Ú @ÈÚ}ÛÁÚVÚ×Úß - Dr.S.H. Doddamani articles through this magazine. I gladly wel-
7 A¾ÚßßÈæ%Þ¥ÛÎÚoOÚÈÚáé - Dr.Y.S. Mudigoudar come your kind suggestions and opinions
7 AÈÚߥæàÞÎÚ _P}ÛÓ - Dr. C.M. Sarangamath to strengthen the quality of the forth-coming
issues of Amruta Bindu.
Amruta Bindu September 2000

2. Continued from page 1 At present context we have to remember that hu-
Hypothetically, blood aminoacids like tryp- man body is made of metallic and also non-metal-
tophan increase after massage. An increase lic compositions and subjected for magnetic Me-
in plasma tryptophan subsequently causes ridian. From physics, we learned that any object is
a parallel increase in the neurotransmitter being rubbed towards one-direction get electrically
(chemical between nerve endings) at motor charged. The same is going to happen in the body
end plates, and serotonin, which is made from surface area and the charged molecules will attract
tryptophan. Serotonin has been implicated the molecules of succeptive and drag them from
in several phychiatric diseases with low lev- sakha to kosta, by interrupting the doshadooshya
els of metabolite found by researchers in de- sammurchana.
pression and schizophrenia. Giving albumin
bound protein tryptophan to the brain with Secondly by such charging, the conductiv-
proper diet and massage should theoretically ity of nerves will be increased. The normal velocity
increase brain serotonin. In practise the of electric conductivity in a nerve fiber is said as
abhyanga relieves systems like those caused 0.5 meter per second which may go up to 100
by serotonin depletion, anxiety, irritability, etc. meters per second. In nerve fiber electricity is dis-
charged in regular intervals and moves in circular
The fluids of internal environment sub- pattern. Interruption to the momentum or hyper elec-
jected for movement because of osmotic trical discharges results in to the state of disease.
pressure and hydrostatic pressure. Here Treatment is said as rectification of the state of dis-
abhyanga causes mechanical hydrostatic turbance. Thus the method of Abhyanga, which
pressure in the extra cellular compartment depolarises the excessive electrical charge in, ex-
i.e, In the peripheral vascular area. A forceful ited state of nerves and also induces perfect
expulsion from peripheral vessels causes charged phizo electricity to bring into normalcy.
splanchenic pooling of the blood. It helps fluid
to enter in to visera and tissues and dilutes 3. Physical pressure acting as counter irritant
the toxins accumulated. When it refills the
peripheral vessels after the completion of pro- While doing abhyanga pressure is applied.
cedure the diluted toxins are brought in to That pressure acts as an irritant to the surface and
general circulation and in due course of elimi- the effect of irritation produced as the effect of in-
nation procedures such as vamana and flammation and color - rise of local temperature and
virechana they are oozed or pulled in to gut dolor - mild pain is produced. And robor -rising the
and expelled. peripheral vascularisation is witnessed at the end
of procedure, which fill the splanchenum during the
2. Physical pressure causing electrical procedure. This shuffling of extra cellular compart-
charge to the body - phizoelectricity. ment fluid makes the sedentary or accumulated
impurities at the level of tissues to move, said in
Phizo electricity is said as pressure Ayurveda as movement of doshas from sakha to
electricity. Today we witness different modes kosta. In various conditions of vata disorders where
of generation of electricity, such as thermal, pain is a symptom, the counter irritation produced
hydro, nuclear etc. The phizo electricity is by massage cures by its classical color and robor
derived from friction and pressure. This actions, by which phagocytosis occurs.
theory was invented in 1880. Phizoelectricity
developed from Tormalin quartz is more used 4. Physical pressure acting over skin
in Watch, Microphone and Phonographic in-
dustries. The main objective of Abhyanga is creating
softness in the external skin and smoothing of in-
ternal visera and tissues. When softness is induced
Here in Ayurveda we may not be us- in skin, the skin becomes lustrous, attains com-
ing the term of phizo electricity, but the tech- plexion and colour. More over an oily or unctuous
nique leads to the same effect. When utiliz- skin is going to prevent the body from exposure of
ing a medium of unctuous substance to re- heat and dust. The depositions of dust and untidy
duce the friction, a good amount of rhythm if particles are going to cleansed and cleaned physi-
uses a specific pressure developed and cre- cally by applying the pressure, especially proce-
ates magnetic field and electricity in the body. dures such as udgharshana.
Continued on page 3
Amruta Bindu 2 September 2000

3. 5. Physical pressure acting over Neural controls Slokas for recitation
+®õÌWóÌÀþzù™Ìâ ²ÌÜw̲yÌ̘̍ÌÆ - DFòÌzù¨ÌÌâ%Œ™ÌÌ™Ì:
At motor end plates acetylcholine acts
as transmitter in the presence of Calcium ion
zùÌâ­ÌŒÌÌtÌ̡٘ôÌ ˜ÌÜ¡Éô Í·þ zâù·þ²™Ì -
and facilitates synaptic action potential. The Functions of Dosha, Dhatu and Mala
nerve fiber have a myelinated sheet where lip- tÌÉ ZÌ¡ô:*
ids are the chief ingredients. Na (sodium) and =t²ÌÌ·þÌZ_̲Ì͍̫ÌÌ²Ì ZÌâ®õÌ¥ÌâȌÌë¥ÌtÌʍÌæ: **1**
â
K (potassium) ions are responsible for
repolarisation in the nerve fiber. Out of electro-
²Ì˜™ÌOOÌt™ÌÌ ZÌ ŒÌÌtÌ܍Ì̘ÌKÌÌsÌÌÉ ÌÌhõ¥ÌâÌZÌ *
lytes calcium, Hydrogen, sodium and potassium +ÌÙOÌ߸þÌt™ÌÍ¥ÌFßòtÌ:, ͏ÌuÌÉ ÌHòšÜ­˜Ìzù¨ÌʍÌæ: **2**
produce depolarisation and chlorine and potas- KÌÙuÌßn÷ƝûÍZ̏Ìë—Ì̘ÌâŒÌÌŒÌÕ¨ÌÌæ™ÌÊt̍ÌÙ˜ÌÌzÊù¥Ìæ:*
sium are responsible for hyper polarisation. This ªâô­˜ÌÌ Ñ²yÌœút¥ÌÍ´ÌOŒÌt¥Ì ²ÌэŒÌ–̍ŒÌK̘ÌÌÍzùÍ—Ì:**3**
action with the association of melatonin a
byproduct of serotonin also synthesized from
ÌëÕs̍ÌÉ ‘Ìե̍ÌÉ ¡âôÌ: ´Ìâ·þÌâ ŒÌÌœús̏ÌÜœúsÌâ *
tryptophan is a neuro chemical causes pleas- OÌ—ÌÌätÌÌzù©Ì ŒÌÌtÌ܍ÌÌÉ ¬Ìâ¯öÉ Fò˜ÌÊ Fêò˜ÌÌt²˜Ìßt̘ÌÆ **4**
antness and calming effects in the process of +¥Ì®õ˜—Ì: ÌÙœúխ̲™Ì, ˜ÌÜw̲™Ì Iâòzù¥ÌÌ·þÌ˜ÌÆ *
massage. Apart from the effect said the toxins ²¥Ìâzù²™Ì Iâòzùͥ̌ÌßÍtÌ:
which are settled in the nerve fiber or myelinated
Increased Dosha, Dhatu and Mala lakshana
sheet and interrupting the conductivity of the
nerve impulse are drained out by the exertion of ¥Ìß~ù²tÌÙ FÙòûtÌâ%̡͍ô: **5**
physical pressure on peripheral nerve endings, Fǫ̀™ÌÊFòÌ­s™Ì =­sÌFò̘Ìt¥ÌFò˜Ì̍ÌÌ·þ¨ÌFßò|ù·þ̍ÌÆ *
especially motor and also sensory. –Ì¡ô͍̇âùэ‡ù™Ì—Ìë¨ÌÌë¡ô̗̏Ìë˜ÌzùՍÌtÌÌ: **6**
É
ÌÕtÌÍ¥Ìs˜ÌÜw̍ÌâwÌt¥ÌFÆòKÌÜuÌßn÷ÆzùÌ·þÌŸÌ͍̇ùtÌÌ:* ͏Ìu̘ÌÆ
6. Physical pressure acting over Hormonal controls
ªâô­˜ÌÌ%ÍOÌî²ÌzùÌÌë²ÌâFòÌ¡ô²™ÌOÌÌæœú¥Ì˜ÌÆ **7**
Melitonin, a newly discovered brain hor- «Ìæt™Ì¨Ìæt™ÌªôyÌWót¥ÌÉ «Ì̲ÌFò̲ÌÌÍtÌ͍̇ùtÌÌ: *
mone is rhythmatically secreted in the pineal œú²ÌÌâ%ÍÌ ªâô­˜Ì¥ÌtÌÆ
gland of the brain. Radioactive tryptophan has
œúHòÉ Í¥Ì²ÌÌÊŸÌÕ·þͥ̇ùŒÌՍÌÆ **8**
been found to accumulate in pineal, so we can
assume the pineal uses it to form serotonin and FÙò¯ö¥ÌÌtÌ̳Ì͏ÌuÌ̳ÌOÌÙŸ˜ÌÌâÌFÙò¨ÌFò̡̘ôÌ:*
melatonin. The pineal gland has a diurnal rhythm ¥™ÌWóÌÍOÌîÌ̲̘˜ÌÌâ·þœúHòRÆóÌâw̘ÌÜwÌtÌÌ: **9**
and is sensitive to light. During the day the pi- ˜ÌÌɲÌÉ OÌsn÷Ì–ÌÙzùOÌëэyÌOÌsn÷̝ûzùœú¥ÌßÍ~ùtÌÌ:*
Ê â
neal produces high levels of serotonin, and at
night produces high levels of melatonin. Melato-
FòslöÌÍzù­¥Ì̘͌ÌÌɲÌÉ ZÌ
nin has been found to decrease thyroid activity, ẗù˜Ìâzù²tÌyÌÌ ¬Ì˜Ì˜ÌÆ **10**
adrenal and gonadal activity as well as diminish +ŸÌâ%ÍÌ ZÌâÍ®õtÌâ «Ì̲ÌÉ Ñ²•òFÆò²t̍ÌÌâzùœú¡ô˜–̘̍ÌÆ*
growth hormone and melanocyte stimulating +²y™ÌŒ™Ì²y™ÌÍŒÌzùtÌÌÉ©Ì
hormone levels. In all, melatonin decreases pro-
tein synthesis in the hypothalmus and pituitary,
˜ÌaÌÌ ÌâwÌÌWóOÌÌæœú¥Ì˜ÌÆ **11**
resulting in a decrease in six of the seven ante- Ì¥ÌʲÌÙ ²yÌÜ¡ô˜ÌÜ¡ôÌÍÌ FÙò™ÌÌÊtFßòZÈôÌs™ÌÉûÍ­Ì ZÌ *
rior pituitary hormones (three of six confirmed in +Ít̵ÌÕFò̘ÌtÌÌÉ ¥Ìß~ùÉ ¨ÌÙFòêÉ ¨ÌÙFêǫ̀˜ÌœúÕ˜ÌÍÌ **12**
man). Melatonin turns down the body’s hormonal FÙòKÌÌ¥ÌÌŒ˜Ì̘̍ÌÌhõ̏â ÌÉ OÌÌæœú¥ÌÉ ¥ÌâzùÌÌÉ ¨ÌFßòtÌÆ*
activity. Giving melaronin to human results in
sleep or sedation (depending upon the dose and
˜ÌÜwÌÉ tÌÙ ¥ÌѲtÌ͍̲tÌÌâzùÉ FßòtÌâ%™ÌFßòt̲ÌÉbÌtÌ̘ÌÆ **13**
way of administration), vivid dreams, EEG ²¥ÌâzùÌ%͏̲¥ÌâzùzùÌOÌʍŒ™ÌFòsnÜ÷: —**14*
â æ
changes which resemble those of a meditative ¬«Ú­ ÑÚ¬ÔÚ
state, and a feeling of well being and moderate ¯Ã¾ßæ Þ,
elation. ¬«Ú­ ÑÚ¬ÔÚÈÞ ¥æàÞÎÚÑÛÈÚßÀ
Ú æ
Ayurveda explains the action of abhyanga ¬«Ú­ @VÚÄßÉOæ¾ßÞ ¥æàÞÎÚÈçæ ÎÚÈßÀ
æ Ú
as Brimhana, sodhana and Shamana. The fur- ¬Þ¬ÄÇ¥Ú ÈÛ}ÚÈ´âÚ ¸ÁÚßVÛؾÚßM}æ
ther precessional analysis has to be elucidated ¬Þ¬ÄÇ¥Ú ¯}ÚÈ´âÚ DÂÈÚ eÛÊžßM}æ
¡ æ Ú
by scientific methodology under the shade of ¬Þ¬ÄÇ¥Ú OڱȴâÚ }Ú{ÞÁæÁ_¥ÚM}æ.
Ú | æ
scientific knowledge. sÛ.G.GÑé.®ÛmæÞÄ (@M~ÈÚß GM.t. )
Amruta Bindu 3 September 2000

4. It is a very happy occasion as such publica-
tion division of PGARC, DGMAMC, Gadag
motivating its Newsletter “Amruta Bindu” in By Dr. Veeresh.B.Kotturshetty
th
the new millennium. August 12 2000
Last year we launch “Essentials of Basic On the occasion of first death anniversary
Ayurveda concepts” by Dr.V.V.S.Sastry. Hu- of former PG professor late Dr. V.V.S.Sastry a
man needs are huge and depend upon na- guest lecture delivered by Sri Udaya Chaitanya
ture always. He will be more depend upon Swamiji of Chinmaya mission, Bangalore. The sub-
physician. Thus in Mahabharata it is said to ject is “ Our heritage and youth’s of today”. He
Yudhistar - expressed the importance of religion and heritage
in traditional Ayurveda along with the responsibility
of youth.
On this occasion PG scholars of 1997 batch
submitted their dissertation works to the college as
a tribute to Dr.V.V.S.Sastry.
August 15th 2000
Celebrations of 53rd Independence Day
The physician given paramount importance made in hilarious mood by the staff and students.
out of four well wishers and conformed his Dr.G.B.Patil, principal, DGMAMC has hosted the flag
eternity through his service. For such we need and gave the message for the students.
to be more efficient in our activities. It is a
small attempt towards success to make the August 22nd 2000
physicians of present and future veterans. Dr.B.V. Sathaye, Ph.D., Ex-dean of Poddar
Dr. K.Siva Rama Prasad Medical College, Mumbai has delivered a guest lec-
ture organized by Dr.P.V. Jayade charitable trust,
Unsolved case Hubli, in the memory of Dr.P.V.Jayade on the topic
Dr.K.Siva Rama Prasad “Utility of Rasa-Dosha interrelation in health and
A patient of 27 years old has no sexual urge and no disease management. Dr.G.B.Patil, principal pre-
smelling sense. The history is as follows. Kindly advise side the function. Dr.Vijaya.D. Naik, secretary of Dr.
Ayurvedic treatment if you have any. PVJ charitable trusts also guest of honor.
At the age of 18 years the patient found that he had an He expresses panchamaha bhoota domi-
undescended testis (right side) and other testis was also nance in season gives rise six rasa permutations
of undersize by birth. He had no smelling power, no fa- in dravya. Water is natural staff. Human can ac-
cial hair till then. He got himself examined at PGI cept what ever accepted by plants. To observe
Chandigarh and came to know that his testis size was of mahabhoota we have to look into plants. And in fur-
2ml and stretched Phallus length was of 4 cm. He was ther a nutritive need not be nutritive for all the ages
diagnosed as a case of Hypogonadotrophic Hypogo- and dosha vice versa the depletive.
nadism (Kallman’s syndrome). He underwent treatment
at PGI Chandigarh and got injections of HCG (Human A¾ÚßßÈæ%Þ¥ÚÈÚ«Úß­ @¿ßÂ
Chorionic Gonodotrophin, Profasi 2000 IU) for one year.
He also got injections of HCG and HMG (Human Meno- A¾ÚßßÈæ%Þ¥ÚÈæM¥ÚÁæ @×ÚÅæOÛ¾æßM¥Úß ÈÚßàVæ×æ¾ÚߦÂ
pausal Gonodotrophin, Pergonal 75 IU) both at a time @«æÞOÚ ÈÛÀ©VÚ×Ú«Úß­ @¥æ @×ÚÅæOÛ¿ßM¥Ú @×Ú¿ßÂ
for another six months. A¾ÚßßÈæ%Þ¥ÚÈÚâ´ @¢ÚÈÚ%yÈæÞ¥Ú¥Ú D®ÚÈæÞ¥Ú ~Ø¿ßÂ
Consequent upon this treatment, the patient developed
ÈæÞ¥Ú Èæç¥ÚÀ}ÚÊ¥Ú ËæÃÞÎÚr}æ ÈÚßÁæ}Úß «æàÞ¾ÚߦÂ
facial hair, his (Right) testis was also descended. His size
Õ}Ú¡ÄWsÚ ÈÚߥڧÄÇ GM¶ ¬dÈÚ«æ­Oæ ÈÚßÁæ¾ÚßßÉÂ
of both testes grew up to 4ML and stretched Phallus length GÅÛÇ ÁæàÞVÚVÚØVæ ÈÚߥÚߧMlß GM¶ß¥Ú«Úß­ ÈÚß«ÚVÛ{Â
to 8cm. The patient is being maintained on sustanon (100 A¾ÚßßÈæ%Þ¥ÚÈÚ«Úß­ @Â}Úß AÁæàÞVÚÀ A«ÚM¥Ú ÔæàM¦Â
unit’s) injections for the last 7 years i.e., after the stop- «ÛÈÚâ´ «ÛÈÛVÚ·æÞOÚß GM¶ß¥Ú«Úß­ ÈÚáÛ}Úà ÈÚßÁæ¾Úߦ .
page of HCG & HMG injections. Maharaj Malagitti, BAMS III Phase
Amruta Bindu 4 September 2000

5. AMA IN BIOCHEMICAL VERSION Oxygen is distributed in such a way that
Dr. Ashok Kumar Panda, two of the electrons are unpaired (di-radical). So
Lecturer (PG Dept. of K.C) most important free radicals in biological sys-
tem are radical derived oxygen like super oxide,
Ayurveda established the role of Ama in Hydrogen peroxide and hydroxyl radical. Super
the pathogenesis of Amaya (diseases). oxide and Hydrogen peroxide although free radi-
Vagbhata narrated that due to the hypo function cal and oxidizing agent but not reactive in na-
ture. The hydroxil radical is an extremely reac-
of Agni Ama is generated in the Amashaya,
tive oxidizing radical that reacts with bio mol-
which either block the successive Dhatu gen- ecules. Under normal circumstances the major
esis or snag the pathway of Dosha. Therefore sources of the free radical is electron leakage
Dhatu vaishamya as well as srotosanga takes from electron transport chain in mitochondria and
place. The production of Ama entirely depends endoplasmic reticulam to the molecular oxygen.
upon Agni, which is said to be controlled by fac- Free radical production in the cell can be greatly
tors such as bija dosha (genetics), vayah (age), increased by certain toxic foreign compounds.
parinama (season), bhumidesha (geographical All of the major classes of bio molecules may
area), and psyche of individual and histology of be attract by free radicals but lipids are probably
stomach. Basing upon the Agni, Ama can also most susceptible. Cell membrane is rich source
be formed at the levels of bhutagni and of polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs), which
dhatwagni. It suggests that the Ama is creating are attracted by oxidative radicals. This destruc-
wide spread damage to organs and in particu- tion of PUFAs is known as lipid peroxidation,
lar to cell. Assessment of the Ama is based on which proceed to cell perpetuating chain reac-
clinical signs and symptoms. tion. Aldehydes are always formed in lipid break
down. Therefore chain reaction directly damage
The quantitative evaluation of Ama in the cell membrane and indirectly damage other com-
biological fluids is not possible yet, although ponents by the production of aldehides. Proteins
many comparative statements are made for the and nucleic acids appeared less susceptible then
above. Different diseases produced due to Ama PUFA to free radical attack.
can’t be explained in terms of pathogenesis in
Anti oxidants are defenses against the
Ayurveda.
deleterious action of free radicals, which pre-
Similar concept developed in the bio- vents the genesis and intercept any that are gen-
chemistry before 100 years by Gomberg known erated. They naturally exist in both aqueous and
as free-radical theory. He narrated that free membranous components of cells and can be
medical species may involve in the living sys- enzyme or non-enzymes. Catalase and glu-
tem. But the credit goes to Slater (1966) who tathiones peroxidase are enzymes to prevent
established attractive feature of cytotoxicity generation of free radicals where as super ox-
mechanism generated by the process of me- ide di multase scavenge or intercept free radi-
tabolism. Now free radicals is accepted as com- cals. Third category of anti oxidant defense is
mon and important biochemical intermediates the repair process, which remove the damaged
implicated in very large number of diseases like bio molecules and alter the cell metabolism.
inflammation, cancer, arteriosclerosis, shock, Many biological components react with oxidiz-
myocardial perfusion injury, liver & kidney dis- ing free radicals and it might be thought that they
eases, diabetes, muscle damage, aging etc,. are anti oxidant. But the must not be converted
to reactive radicals them selves and proposed
Therefore there is a great deal of efforts being
target should also be identified. Ayurvedic
expanded correctly on finding antioxidant for
Rasayana putatively said as best anti oxidant but
treatment and prevention of free radical medi- experimental as well as clinical studies waits for
ated tissue damage. A free radical can be de- its recognition.
fined as chemical species possessing an up
paired electron. It can be considered as frag- Really free radical theory help us a lot to
ment of molecule. Free radical can be formed establish our drugs for its safety and efficacy.
in three ways. Both Ama and free radicals are producing dis-
ease and generated in the process of metabo-
1. by homolytic fission
lism although the understanding of the concept
2. electron transport are different. Free radicals may help us to un-
3. heterolytic fission derstand the molecular basis of AMA.
Amruta Bindu 5 September 2000

6. @ºÚ´ÀMVÚ¥Ú @ÈÚ}ÛÁÚVÚ×Úß ÎÚmé^ÚOÚÃVÚ×æ B¥ÚOæQ A¨ÛÁÚ. @¥ÚÄÇ¥æ A¾ÚßßÈæ%Þ¥Ú¥ÚÆÇ ÔæÞØÁÚßÈÚ
107 ÈÚßÈÚß%VÚ×Ú«Úß­ J×ÚVæàMt¥æ. ^æç¬ÞÈÚßÑÛeé ɨ۫ڥÚÈÚâ´ -
Dr. Shashidhar. H. Doddamani
Lecturer, PGARC-KC ÈæßÞÂt¾Úß«é Åæç«é ÈæßÞÅæ, ¢Û¿ßÅÛMsé ÈÚßÑÛeé ɨ۫ÚÈÚâ´ -
A×ÚÈÛW ·æÞÁÚßÁÚß~¡ÁÚßÈÚ A¨Ú߬OÚ}Ú¿ßM¥Ú, ¶ÄÈÛW Ñæ«é GM¶ß¥ÚÁÚ ÈæßÞÅæ ¬M~¥æ. J¶¹ ¢Û¿ßÅÛMsé ÅæÞROÚÁÚ ®ÚÃOÛÁÚ
·æ×æ¥Ú߬M}Ú @M¨Û«ÚßOÚÁÚzæ¿ßM¥Ú A¾ÚßßÈæ%Þ¥Ú¥Ú @M}ÚÁÛ×Ú¥ÚÆÇ GÅÛÇɨ۫ÚVÚ×Úß ÎÚmé^ÚOÚÃVÚ×ÚÈæßÞÅæ A¨ÛÁÚÈÛW¥Úߧ @ºÚ´ÀMVÚ¥ÚÆÇ
H«æàÞ ÔÛÅÛÔÚÄ. ÕÞVÛW A¾ÚßßÈæ%Þ¥Ú¥ÚÆÇ @sÚWÁÚßÈÚ AÁæàÞVÚÀ¥Ú @M}ÚºÛ%ÈÚÈÛVÚß}Ú¡Èæ.
@MËÚV×ß @}ÚM}ÚÃÒ~¾ÚßÆÇÈ.æ }ÛM~ÃOÈÛ¥Ú C dVÚ~«ÆÇ d«ÚÁÚ fÞÈÚ«Ú
Ú Ú ¤ Ú ¡Ú C }ÚÁÚÔÚ @ºÚ´ÀMVÚÈÚâ´ «Û«Û @ÈÚ}ÛÁÚVÚ×Ú«Úß­ ÔæàM¦¥æ.
¾ÚáÛM~ÃOÚ ÈÛW¥Úß,§ AÁæàÞVÚÀ¥Ú ¶VæX @ÂÉ¥ÚÁß OæÄÑÚV×Ú J}Ús¥ÆÁßÈÚ
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Amruta Bindu 8 September 2000