19 08-25 terminology ksr prasad

BASIC AYURVEDA
TERMINOLOGIES
AT ENTRY LEVELAT ENTRY LEVEL
World AYUSH Expo 2019 & AROGYA
Dr. K. Shiva Rama Prasad, at http://www.technoayurveda.com/
World AYUSH Expo 2019 & AROGYA
Sutrabodh‐Teaching Methodology (Ayu)
25‐08‐2019

Eli ibilit in A r eda
BASIC AYURVEDA TERMINOLOGIES AT ENTRY LEVEL
Eligibility in Ayurveda
• Present standard of admission in Ayurveda is withPresent standard of admission in Ayurveda is with
10+2 study of Biology, Physics and Chemistry with
a minimal interaction of local language and g g
English
• The students are teenaged and with the interestThe students are teenaged and with the interest
of becoming doctor but not an Ayurveda Vaidya
• Destiny brings them in to Ayurveda where theDestiny brings them in to Ayurveda where the
ambitions are suppressed forcibly and take a big
diversion in the life.

Mindset of St dent
Mindset of Student
• The mindset of the adolescent is influenced by e dset o t e ado esce t s ue ced by
the frontal lobes in their brains, which controls
impulses, reasoning and planning
• The brain is particularly sensitive to being shaped
by experiences that creates both vulnerability
d t it d diand opportunity depending
• Adolescents’ drive for excitement and
exploration is intended to propel development ofexploration is intended to propel development of
identity, and can be channeled into constructive
self‐exploration and challengep g

21st Cent r Classroom
21st Century Classroom
• The traditional rule of 6 disciples from CharakaThe traditional rule of 6 disciples from Charaka
and Sushruta is not found in the present 100
student intake of Ayurveda curriculum
• Starting a class is always a challenge to the
teacher
• The methods to adopt are many –
– Starting a seed discussiong
– Telling a problem commonly come across
– Self portrait examples, etc

Ho to introd ce A r eda
How to introduce Ayurveda
• To begin your narrationTo begin your narration,
– Limit your topic,
Start with a story of the contemporary– Start with a story of the contemporary,
– Speak a few sentences about background
U i l l t i t d th iti l– Use simple language to introduce the critical
terminology
Create a concise clear and interesting– Create a concise, clear and interesting
introductory definitions

Terminolo
Terminology
• Terms are used with a particular technicalTerms are used with a particular technical
application in a subject of study, profession, etc.
as the Terminology in Ayurveda. gy y
• The terminology are ‐ vocabulary (Shabda) ,
nomenclature, phraseology, expressions, idiomnomenclature, phraseology, expressions, idiom
and includes choice of phrase in the context.
• Occasionally they are jargon in nature. VernacularOccasionally they are jargon in nature. Vernacular
nomenclature also includes in “Ayurveda Medical
Terminology“gy

Shabda The so nd
Shabda – The sound
• Shabda or sabda stands for word manifestedShabda or sabda stands for word manifested
by sound ('verbal') and such a word has innate
power to convey a particular sense or
meaning (Artha).
• Vak (sound) and the Artha (meaning) together
makes the knowledge converted in to wisdom
• The Wisdom is the quality of having
experience, knowledge, and good judgment;
the quality of being wise

De elopment of Terminolo
Development of Terminology
• The Sanskrit is accepted as the oldest scientificThe Sanskrit is accepted as the oldest scientific
language even by NASA and the efforts are going
on to build a super computer based on Sanskrit p p
as language.
• The word development in Sanskrit is based on –The word development in Sanskrit is based on
– Developed from the letter roots (Nirukta pada)
– Developed from the functional /Archaic derivatives p /
– Developed colloquially with usage (Roodhi pada)
– Brought from other language derivatives (Pali names) g g g ( )

Le ico raph
Lexicography
• Lexicography and Terminography areLexicography and Terminography are
specialized professions concerned with the
compilation and editing of dictionaries.
• The vocabulary of Ayurveda is classified in to –
– Scientific Terms
– Technical Terms
– Intruder Terms
– Archaic Terms
– Dialectic Terms

Scientific terminolo
Scientific terminology
• Scientific terminology is the part of theScientific terminology is the part of the
language that is used by scientists in the
context of their professional activitiescontext of their professional activities.
• While studying nature, scientists often
encounter or create new material orencounter or create new material or
immaterial objects and concepts and are
compelled to name themcompelled to name them.

Technical terminolo
Technical terminology
• Technical terms are an essential part ofTechnical terms are an essential part of
all technical and scientific writing.
• Each field and specialty words are typically• Each field and specialty words are typically
used as vocabulary that relays a variety of
specialized concepts by means of technicalspecialized concepts by means of technical
language.
I i h h l l f h i l• It is necessary to match the levels of technical
terms according to the audience

St le of A r eda Term Introd ction
Style of Ayurveda Term Introduction
• Ayurveda has prepared the lexicon (kosha /Ayurveda has prepared the lexicon (kosha /
Nighantu) of different styles –
– Grouping of all words used for one context (Anala– Grouping of all words used for one context (Anala,
Agni, Pachaka, etc)
– Grouping of words with 5 – 4‐ 3 ‐2 letters endingGrouping of words with 5 4 3 2 letters ending
with a similar alphabet (rama, soma, Ama, etc)
– Grouping according to material (herbs, minerals,Grouping according to material (herbs, minerals,
etc)

Iss es of Entr Le el A r eda
Issues of Entry Level Ayurveda
• New students to Ayurveda Terminology oftenNew students to Ayurveda Terminology often
bewildered by strange spelling and
pronunciation as Ayurveda Terms are derivedpronunciation as Ayurveda Terms are derived
from Sanskrit
• Very common to mispronounciate the terms• Very common to mispronounciate the terms
• It is in need to teach them the pronunciation
d i l i f h d d i h i land articulation of the word and its technical
and scientific importance

Handlin Terms
Handling Terms
• Look for the familiarity – As the IndianLook for the familiarity As the Indian
languages are originated from Sanskrit, many
instances there will be similarity
• Choose the words to be spelled with prefix
and suffix
• Word root and combination of words with
importance is taught to students
• Establish a connection to the body, As these
terms are linked to Body

Handlin Terms
Handling Terms
• Taking the terms related to one system or oneTaking the terms related to one system or one
core area gives better understanding and
relation of Termsrelation of Terms
• Similarity terms explained and elaborated
with examples in the form of picture will makewith examples in the form of picture will make
more understanding
Th S k i h b d b h• The Sanskrit as the base, needs to be taught
with Ayurveda context but not as a Language

Handlin Terms
Handling Terms
• Ayurveda entry level facing big issues while yu eda e t y e e ac g b g ssues e
examination as they need to write Sanskrit terms
only to pass examination but never use these
terms in practice
• Limitation and focus has to be made on the terms
th t d l l t d t d A dthat are used regularly to understand Ayurveda
concepts
• Terms used in the Practice do require attention• Terms used in the Practice do require attention
and terminology translation i.e. Ayurveda
Transcription should be developed and provided p p p

Medical Transcription in A r eda
Medical Transcription in Ayurveda
• This could be a core area of future as the s cou d be a co e a ea o utu e as t e
scientific language of Ayurveda requires a
translation to common man and popularization
• Making a term glossary is one stand
• Term glossary expansion and root derivation
establishment is second level
• Practicality to be observed while explaining the
t th d fi iti h ld b i k d fterm – the definitions should be picked up from
the Ayurveda for medical explanation rather
than from literature that confuses the studentthan from literature that confuses the student

St d methods
Study methods
• The best way to read Sanskrit text is in twoThe best way to read Sanskrit text is in two
ways –
– continuously recited version (saṃhitā‐pāṭha)– continuously recited version (saṃhitā‐pāṭha),
where sandhis are applied
– word‐by‐word version (pada‐pāṭha) where anyword by word version (pada pāṭha) where any
dissociable sequence is isolated
• Reading a translation of Ayurveda either inReading a translation of Ayurveda either in
English or Hindi is the opinion of the author
may not reflect the originality of Textmay not reflect the originality of Text

f d
Summary of Word
derivation

Concl sion
Conclusion
• The Six Angas – Shiksha, Kalpa, Chandas,The Six Angas Shiksha, Kalpa, Chandas,
Vyakarana, Nirukta and Jyotisha are very much
required to understand the Ayurveda
• The Panini and post Panini grammar has small
variations
• We need to understand the difference of –
– Section dealing with technical terms (saṃjñā)g ( ṃj )
– Section dealing with meta rules (paribhāṣā)
– Section dealing with separation(Vibhakti)

Concl sion
Conclusion
• Sanskrit texts for 1st BAMS should be reSanskrit texts for 1 BAMS should be re
written with Ayurveda contexts offering the
learning of usage of Vibhakti w rto technicallearning of usage of Vibhakti w.r.to technical
terms used commonly in the curriculum
• A dialogue and common usage of terms• A dialogue and common usage of terms
brought out for better understanding the
patient condition in simple waypatient condition in simple way

Concl sion
Conclusion
• Avoiding complicated or biased and nonAvoiding complicated or biased and non
practicing terms is the best way
• The reforms should be brought in earlyThe reforms should be brought in early
Ayurveda with Bridge courses in which
Ayurveda is taught in terms of Physics,
Chemistry and Biology
• A long way to Go away from the stereotypic
Ayurveda terminology usage where we are
inadequate to establish its scientific values

Thanks from
Dr KSR PrasadDr KSR Prasad
Author of Ayurveda

19 08-25 terminology ksr prasad

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