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Swarnalata Joardar
Dept. of Pharmacognosy
1st Semester , 2014
Himalayan Pharmacy Institute , E . Sikkim
TIBETAN & CHINESE
TRADITIONAL MEDICINE SYSTEM
Dept of Pharmacognosy 2
TIBETIAN TRADITIONAL MEDICINE SYSTEM
What is Tibetan Medicine?
Dept of Pharmacognosy 3
Energy
Vital Body Fluid
Solutions of Minerals, salts, sugar
that circulates in plants.
Dept of Pharmacognosy 4
• The Tibetan medical system is one of the world's oldest
known medical traditions.
• It continues to be practiced in Tibet, Nepal, Bhutan, Ladakh,
Siberia, China and Mongolia, in some parts of India, parts of
Europe and North America.
• It embraces the traditional Buddhist belief that all illness
ultimately results from the three poisons:
1. Ignorance,
2. Attachment and
3. Aversion.
Dept of Pharmacognosy 5
• The Tibetan medical heritage is based on the book of the
Four Tantras, which remains the fundamental medical text
even today.
• Practical experiences gradually formed the art of healing in
Tibet. Like, drinking hot water for indigestion, using melted
butter for bleeding.
Dept of Pharmacognosy 6
• The basis of the Four Tantras -
- Root,
- Exegetical,
- Instructional, and
- Subsequent Tantra
is to keep the three bodily humors in balance- wind, bile,
phlegm.
•Which are in fact produced by the three mental poisons:
- desire gives rise to wind,
- hatred to bile and
- stupidity to phlegm.
Dept of Pharmacognosy 7
• Root Tantra - It discusses the humors in the body and their
imbalances and their link to illness.
• Exegetical Tantra - This section discusses in general theory
on subjects such as anatomy, physiology, embryology and
treatment.
• Instructional Tantra -The longest of the Tantras is mainly a
practical application of treatment.
•Subsequent Tantra – Discusses about diagnosis and
therapies, including the preparation of Tibetan medicine.
Dept of Pharmacognosy 8
Dept of Pharmacognosy 9
Methods of Treatment - There are four methods of
treatment:
1. Through diet
2. Through behaviour modification
3. Through medicine
4. Through physical therapy
Dept of Pharmacognosy 10
Medicinal Plants used in Tibetan System
Orchis militaris Rhododendron dauricum
These plants are commonly known as “chudlens” – remedies that
have a positive strengthening effect on body (bio stimulants).
Dept of Pharmacognosy 11
This plant heals the warm diseases.
Iris humilis
This plant heals the cold diseases.
Phlomoides tuberosa
Dept of Pharmacognosy 12
Achillea millefolium
This plant is useful in leg’s
and hand’s edema.
Ephedra monosperma
This plant is useful for liver
disorder.
Dept of Pharmacognosy 13
The king of the herbs Locoweed, can help with
digesting, healing of wound and internally it will
constrict blood vessels.
Oxytropis lanata
Dept of Pharmacognosy 14
Dracocephalum fruticulosum
Aster alpinus
 The plant heals the liver diseases. It
can help stop blood flow & heal
wounds.
 Alpine aster is good in treatment of
fever diseases & helpful with
detoxification.
Dept of Pharmacognosy 15
CHINESE TRADITIONAL MEDICINE SYSTEM
Dept of Pharmacognosy 16
CHINESE MEDICINAL SYSTEM
• Traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) is a unique, complete
medical system, that spans at least 2,000 years.
• In the earliest times, the Chinese, as most human
communities, often attributed major illness to evil spirits or
angry ancestors.
• As Chinese medicine began to take shape, the notion grew
that the body was composed of different organs, that each
organ performed different functions to ensure our health,
and that disease was a breakdown of these functions for a
variety of reasons.
• In Chinese medicine system, description of human
physiological and pathological processes differs markedly
from that of biomedicine.
Dept of Pharmacognosy 17
Furthermore, pre-modern Chinese physicians never
understood the role of bacteria and viruses as a cause of
disease. They attributed certain diseases to environ-
mental conditions, such as - wind, heat, cold, and damp-
ness, but they never developed the technology to observe
the microorganisms.
Dept of Pharmacognosy 18
•The doctrines of yīn - yáng and the five phases make sense
of the universe by identifying correspondences between
different things. They are the product of “correlative
thinking,” that is, a kind of thinking that spots similarities
and connections between the many different aspects of our
world.
•“Yīn” and “yáng” originally referred to topographical
inclines. “Yīn” was defined as the north face of a mountain.
Similarly, “Yáng” was defined as the south face of a
mountain.
Doctrine of Yīn and Yáng
Dept of Pharmacognosy 19
Yīn and Yáng theory expresses a universal standard of quality
that describes two complementary, opposite aspects of an
indivisible whole. It is used to describe function and
relationship of these aspects as part of a continuous process of
transformation and change in the universe. Applied to
medicine, yin yang theory is used to compare and contrast, and
thus differentiate, physiological and pathological phenomena.
Dept of Pharmacognosy 20
Taiji diagram - The classic yin and yang diagram.
Dept of Pharmacognosy 21
Yīn Yáng
Night Day
Dark Light
Cold Heat
Earth Heaven
Yīn and Yáng in Nature
Dept of Pharmacognosy 22
Yīn and Yáng in Body
Yīn Yáng
Lower body Upper body
Chest & abdomen Shoulders & back
Interior Exterior
Viscera Bowels
Fluids Qì (Gas)
Dept of Pharmacognosy 23
•Yīn and yáng are applied to medicine in numerous ways. For
example, they classify parts of the body. The upper body is
yáng, while the lower body is yīn.
•When a person is healthy, these yīn and yáng aspects of the
body are “in harmony”.
•Disease is attributed to many different causes, but is almost
invariably linked to a disturbance of the body’s normal yīn-
yáng relationship. This may take different forms, depending on
the nature and location of the disease.
Dept of Pharmacognosy
24
Coptis chinensis
It is a bitter digestive, having
sedative properties.
Lonicera japonica
Anti-pyretic & detoxifier in
nature.
Some Medicinal Plants Used in Chinese Medicine System
Dept of Pharmacognosy 25
Rheum palmatum
Used as natural purgative.
Alisma plantago aquatica
Used as natural diuretic.
Prunus persica
A natural circulatory stimulant.
Dept of Pharmacognosy 26
Amomum cardomum
An anti-emetic, digestive
stimulant, expectorant used
in Chinese medicinal
system.
Chaenomeles sinensis
A natural spasmolytic.
Dept of Pharmacognosy 27
Citrus tangerina
It is used as carminative.
Panax ginseng
It is used as sedative.
Dept of Pharmacognosy 28
Reference
• Skinner P., Tibetan medicine. In: Gale T, editor. The Gale
Encyclopaedia of Alternative Medicine. 2nd edition. Detroit, Mich, USA:
Longe,2005.
• Sandanov D.V., Medicinal Plants in Tibetan Medicine pdf, Hostos
Community College,5th Nov, 2012.
• Badmaev V., Medicine tested by Science: an effective botanical
treatment for circulatory deficiency due to atherosclerosis. Nutri-
Cosme-Ceutici, 6.8.2.2002, Rome, Italy, 2002.
• Mills S.Y., Chinese Herbs in the West, Trease and Evans’
Pharmacognosy, 14th edition, 505-510.
• Wiseman N., Introduction to Chinese Medicine, Revised edition, Chang
Gung University, 2005.
Dept of Pharmacognosy 29

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Traditional System of Medicine - Tibetan & Chinese Medicine Systems

  • 1. Swarnalata Joardar Dept. of Pharmacognosy 1st Semester , 2014 Himalayan Pharmacy Institute , E . Sikkim TIBETAN & CHINESE TRADITIONAL MEDICINE SYSTEM
  • 2. Dept of Pharmacognosy 2 TIBETIAN TRADITIONAL MEDICINE SYSTEM
  • 3. What is Tibetan Medicine? Dept of Pharmacognosy 3 Energy Vital Body Fluid Solutions of Minerals, salts, sugar that circulates in plants.
  • 4. Dept of Pharmacognosy 4 • The Tibetan medical system is one of the world's oldest known medical traditions. • It continues to be practiced in Tibet, Nepal, Bhutan, Ladakh, Siberia, China and Mongolia, in some parts of India, parts of Europe and North America. • It embraces the traditional Buddhist belief that all illness ultimately results from the three poisons: 1. Ignorance, 2. Attachment and 3. Aversion.
  • 5. Dept of Pharmacognosy 5 • The Tibetan medical heritage is based on the book of the Four Tantras, which remains the fundamental medical text even today. • Practical experiences gradually formed the art of healing in Tibet. Like, drinking hot water for indigestion, using melted butter for bleeding.
  • 6. Dept of Pharmacognosy 6 • The basis of the Four Tantras - - Root, - Exegetical, - Instructional, and - Subsequent Tantra is to keep the three bodily humors in balance- wind, bile, phlegm. •Which are in fact produced by the three mental poisons: - desire gives rise to wind, - hatred to bile and - stupidity to phlegm.
  • 7. Dept of Pharmacognosy 7 • Root Tantra - It discusses the humors in the body and their imbalances and their link to illness. • Exegetical Tantra - This section discusses in general theory on subjects such as anatomy, physiology, embryology and treatment. • Instructional Tantra -The longest of the Tantras is mainly a practical application of treatment. •Subsequent Tantra – Discusses about diagnosis and therapies, including the preparation of Tibetan medicine.
  • 9. Dept of Pharmacognosy 9 Methods of Treatment - There are four methods of treatment: 1. Through diet 2. Through behaviour modification 3. Through medicine 4. Through physical therapy
  • 10. Dept of Pharmacognosy 10 Medicinal Plants used in Tibetan System Orchis militaris Rhododendron dauricum These plants are commonly known as “chudlens” – remedies that have a positive strengthening effect on body (bio stimulants).
  • 11. Dept of Pharmacognosy 11 This plant heals the warm diseases. Iris humilis This plant heals the cold diseases. Phlomoides tuberosa
  • 12. Dept of Pharmacognosy 12 Achillea millefolium This plant is useful in leg’s and hand’s edema. Ephedra monosperma This plant is useful for liver disorder.
  • 13. Dept of Pharmacognosy 13 The king of the herbs Locoweed, can help with digesting, healing of wound and internally it will constrict blood vessels. Oxytropis lanata
  • 14. Dept of Pharmacognosy 14 Dracocephalum fruticulosum Aster alpinus  The plant heals the liver diseases. It can help stop blood flow & heal wounds.  Alpine aster is good in treatment of fever diseases & helpful with detoxification.
  • 15. Dept of Pharmacognosy 15 CHINESE TRADITIONAL MEDICINE SYSTEM
  • 16. Dept of Pharmacognosy 16 CHINESE MEDICINAL SYSTEM • Traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) is a unique, complete medical system, that spans at least 2,000 years. • In the earliest times, the Chinese, as most human communities, often attributed major illness to evil spirits or angry ancestors. • As Chinese medicine began to take shape, the notion grew that the body was composed of different organs, that each organ performed different functions to ensure our health, and that disease was a breakdown of these functions for a variety of reasons. • In Chinese medicine system, description of human physiological and pathological processes differs markedly from that of biomedicine.
  • 17. Dept of Pharmacognosy 17 Furthermore, pre-modern Chinese physicians never understood the role of bacteria and viruses as a cause of disease. They attributed certain diseases to environ- mental conditions, such as - wind, heat, cold, and damp- ness, but they never developed the technology to observe the microorganisms.
  • 18. Dept of Pharmacognosy 18 •The doctrines of yīn - yáng and the five phases make sense of the universe by identifying correspondences between different things. They are the product of “correlative thinking,” that is, a kind of thinking that spots similarities and connections between the many different aspects of our world. •“Yīn” and “yáng” originally referred to topographical inclines. “Yīn” was defined as the north face of a mountain. Similarly, “Yáng” was defined as the south face of a mountain. Doctrine of Yīn and Yáng
  • 19. Dept of Pharmacognosy 19 Yīn and Yáng theory expresses a universal standard of quality that describes two complementary, opposite aspects of an indivisible whole. It is used to describe function and relationship of these aspects as part of a continuous process of transformation and change in the universe. Applied to medicine, yin yang theory is used to compare and contrast, and thus differentiate, physiological and pathological phenomena.
  • 20. Dept of Pharmacognosy 20 Taiji diagram - The classic yin and yang diagram.
  • 21. Dept of Pharmacognosy 21 Yīn Yáng Night Day Dark Light Cold Heat Earth Heaven Yīn and Yáng in Nature
  • 22. Dept of Pharmacognosy 22 Yīn and Yáng in Body Yīn Yáng Lower body Upper body Chest & abdomen Shoulders & back Interior Exterior Viscera Bowels Fluids Qì (Gas)
  • 23. Dept of Pharmacognosy 23 •Yīn and yáng are applied to medicine in numerous ways. For example, they classify parts of the body. The upper body is yáng, while the lower body is yīn. •When a person is healthy, these yīn and yáng aspects of the body are “in harmony”. •Disease is attributed to many different causes, but is almost invariably linked to a disturbance of the body’s normal yīn- yáng relationship. This may take different forms, depending on the nature and location of the disease.
  • 24. Dept of Pharmacognosy 24 Coptis chinensis It is a bitter digestive, having sedative properties. Lonicera japonica Anti-pyretic & detoxifier in nature. Some Medicinal Plants Used in Chinese Medicine System
  • 25. Dept of Pharmacognosy 25 Rheum palmatum Used as natural purgative. Alisma plantago aquatica Used as natural diuretic. Prunus persica A natural circulatory stimulant.
  • 26. Dept of Pharmacognosy 26 Amomum cardomum An anti-emetic, digestive stimulant, expectorant used in Chinese medicinal system. Chaenomeles sinensis A natural spasmolytic.
  • 27. Dept of Pharmacognosy 27 Citrus tangerina It is used as carminative. Panax ginseng It is used as sedative.
  • 28. Dept of Pharmacognosy 28 Reference • Skinner P., Tibetan medicine. In: Gale T, editor. The Gale Encyclopaedia of Alternative Medicine. 2nd edition. Detroit, Mich, USA: Longe,2005. • Sandanov D.V., Medicinal Plants in Tibetan Medicine pdf, Hostos Community College,5th Nov, 2012. • Badmaev V., Medicine tested by Science: an effective botanical treatment for circulatory deficiency due to atherosclerosis. Nutri- Cosme-Ceutici, 6.8.2.2002, Rome, Italy, 2002. • Mills S.Y., Chinese Herbs in the West, Trease and Evans’ Pharmacognosy, 14th edition, 505-510. • Wiseman N., Introduction to Chinese Medicine, Revised edition, Chang Gung University, 2005.

Notas del editor

  1. Diseased condition=less energy. Imbalance in vital body fluid=dis-ease condition. The vital body fluids are constituted of minerals, salts, sugar, etc. Plant circulates these essential nutrients. It is the basis of all traditional medicine system.
  2. Also follows Buddha’s FOUR NOBLE truths, which apply medical diagnostic logic to suffering.
  3. For example, applying residual barley from “Chang” (Tibetan wine) on swollen body parts, drinking hot water for indigestion, and using melted butter for bleeding are some of the therapies that arose from practical experiences and gradually formed the basis for the art of healing in Tibet.
  4. These 3 humors constitutes the BASIC ENERGY SYSTEM in our body. These are inter-related to all vital functions of the body, organs, 7 constituents and 3 excretions. 7 constituents are - food (nutrition), blood, flesh, fat, bone, marrow, semen. 3 excretions - sweat, urine and faeces.
  5. Physical therapy includes acupuncture,