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Osteoarthritis Facts
Osteoarthritis is the weakening of bones,
which can lead to painful spine
fractures, a broken wrist, or hip breaks.
It's most common among people age
65 and older, so why should anyone
younger care?


Osteoarthritis can be devastating,
especially if it leads to a fracture of the
spine or hip in old age.

                                                                              2
Category: Arthritis   ©2012 Chronic Pain and Depression All Rights Reserved
Throughout your life, you constantly lose old bone and form
  new bone. As a teenager and young adult, your body
  makes more bone than it loses, but with age, bone
  production drops off and bone loss increases, putting you at
  risk for osteoarthritis.

  According to the National osteoarthritis Foundation, roughly
  10 million Americans have osteoarthritis and 34 million have
  osteopenia (low bone mass). But osteoarthritis and related
  fractures don't have to be inevitable.



Category: Arthritis   ©2012 Chronic Pain and Depression All Rights Reserved   3
Osteoarthritis Facts




Category: Arthritis     ©2012 Chronic Pain and Depression All Rights Reserved   4
1. A broken bone
              might indicate
              you already have
              osteoarthritis.



Category: Arthritis   ©2012 Chronic Pain and Depression All Rights Reserved   5
A simple fall that results in a fracture is the most telling sign
   that you may have osteoarthritis, says Connie Weaver, PhD, a
   calcium researcher and chairman of the department of
   nutrition science at Purdue University. "Many times, people
   just assume the fracture is due to the trauma and don't
   investigate if they need to be treated for osteoarthritis,“

   People who break a bone and have other risk factors for
   osteoarthritis, such as a small build or a family history of
   fracture and low body weight, should be especially vigilant,
   she says.



Category: Arthritis   ©2012 Chronic Pain and Depression All Rights Reserved   6
2. Having diabetes
                  raises your risk for
                  osteoarthritis.




Category: Arthritis    ©2012 Chronic Pain and Depression All Rights Reserved   7
People who have type 1 diabetes or type 2 diabetes are
    prone to weaker bones. "The quality of the bone they make
    isn't good," says Diane Schneider, MD, a geriatrician and
    author of The Complete Book of Bone Health. "In people with
    type 1 diabetes, there is more bone breakdown, and in
    people with type 2 diabetes, the bones are more fragile."

    Medications for type 2 diabetes can also cause bones to be
    weaker. Even extra body weight doesn't help. "We're finding
    a growing connection between bone and fat," Schneider
    says. "Being overweight is not as protective as we once
    thought."


Category: Arthritis   ©2012 Chronic Pain and Depression All Rights Reserved   8
3. Being thin
                 increases your
                 chances for
                 osteoarthritis.



Category: Arthritis   ©2012 Chronic Pain and Depression All Rights Reserved   9
Having a small frame and a slight build means you have
   bones that are less dense and more vulnerable to
   osteoarthritis and fracture. Some studies show you may be
   especially prone to developing osteoarthritis if you weigh 127
   pounds or less, Schneider says. Since there isn't much you
   can do about the way you're built, women who are small-
   boned need to take charge of osteoarthritis risk factors that
   they can control.

   "You have to pay special attention to what I call the ABCDs
   of bone health," Schneider says. "Activity, balance, calcium,
   and vitamin D."


Category: Arthritis   ©2012 Chronic Pain and Depression All Rights Reserved   10
4. Not getting
              enough calcium
              puts your bones
              at risk.



Category: Arthritis   ©2012 Chronic Pain and Depression All Rights Reserved   11
The fact remains that calcium is a necessary part of our
    diets. According to the Institute of Medicine, women need
    1,000 mg of calcium each day up to age 50, and 1,200 mg
    of calcium a day after age 50.

    Diane Schneider, MD, recommends getting the bulk of your
    calcium from food, such as from milk, yogurt, broccoli, turnip
    greens, and calcium-fortified foods, and taking less than the
    recommended dose of calcium supplements.




Category: Arthritis   ©2012 Chronic Pain and Depression All Rights Reserved   12
5. Some medications
              can hurt your
              bones.




Category: Arthritis   ©2012 Chronic Pain and Depression All Rights Reserved   13
Certain medications -- among them, antidepressants,
    corticosteroids and proton pump inhibitors -- can put your
    bones at greater risk for osteoarthritis. Anti-seizure
    medications, certain cancer treatments, and diabetes drugs
    may also cause bone loss.

    In most cases, the risk of osteoarthritis goes up the longer you
    take these meds and the higher the dose. Before going on
    any medication, ask your doctor about the impact on your
    bones. If you must take one of these drugs, work with your
    doctor to take the lowest dose possible, and discuss ways to
    lower your risk of osteoarthritis.



Category: Arthritis   ©2012 Chronic Pain and Depression All Rights Reserved   14
6. After menopause,
              your risk for
              osteoarthritis
              increases.



Category: Arthritis   ©2012 Chronic Pain and Depression All Rights Reserved   15
For women, menopause causes a steep drop in estrogen, a
    hormone essential for strong bones. The earlier you go into
    menopause, the higher your risk of osteoarthritis.

    "Women lose the most bone in the first three to five years of
    menopause," Weaver says. "They can lose as much bone as
    they gain during puberty." Menopause, Weaver says, is an
    important time to make lifestyle choices that protect
    against bone loss; namely, with exercise and diet.




Category: Arthritis   ©2012 Chronic Pain and Depression All Rights Reserved   16
7. Your diet can
              encourage the
              development of
              osteoarthritis.



Category: Arthritis   ©2012 Chronic Pain and Depression All Rights Reserved   17
Getting enough calcium and vitamin D is essential for warding
 off osteoarthritis. Linda K. Massey, PhD, RD, a professor of
 human nutrition at Washington State University in Spokane, says
 studies show that regular table salt, not simply sodium, causes
 calcium loss, weakening bones with time. Bones are about 50%
 protein and bone repair requires a steady stream of dietary
 amino acids, the building blocks of body proteins.

 Many soft drinks and certain other carbonated soft drinks
 contain phosphoric acid, which can increase calcium
 excretion in your urine. And nearly all soft drinks lack calcium.
 That combination spells trouble for women at risk of
 osteoarthritis. Caffeine leeches calcium from bones, sapping
 their strength.


Category: Arthritis   ©2012 Chronic Pain and Depression All Rights Reserved   18
8. A bone density
              test can detect
              bone loss.




Category: Arthritis   ©2012 Chronic Pain and Depression All Rights Reserved   19
Bone density is commonly measured with dual-energy X-ray
   absorptiometry (DXA), also known as a bone density test. This
   simple, painless test gauges bone strength by comparing your
   bone mass to those of young adults of the same gender at peak
   bone mass, using a T-score. A T-score of -2.5 or lower means you
   have osteoarthritis. A score between -1.0 and -2.5 means you
   have osteopenia, low bone mass. A T-score of -1.0 or higher
   means your bones are normal.

   "Women usually don't need a DXA scan until they're 65 and men
   until age 70," Schneider says. Talk to your doctor about when to
   get screened and about follow-up tests. The answer will depend
   on your age, osteoarthritis risk factors, and previous bone density
   test results.


Category: Arthritis   ©2012 Chronic Pain and Depression All Rights Reserved   20
9. Physical activity
              protects you
              against
              osteoarthritis.



Category: Arthritis   ©2012 Chronic Pain and Depression All Rights Reserved   21
Weight-bearing exercises -- the kind that force your body
       to work against gravity, such as walking, running,
       dancing, and tennis -- are the best for keeping bones
       healthy. The key, Schneider says, is to be active. "It doesn't
       have to be exercise in the gym," she says. "You simply
       want to spend more time on your feet and move. You
       want to spend less time sitting."




Category: Arthritis    ©2012 Chronic Pain and Depression All Rights Reserved   22
10. Stress can act as
              a catalyst for
              osteoarthritis.




Category: Arthritis   ©2012 Chronic Pain and Depression All Rights Reserved   23
Osteoarthritis can be devastating, especially if it leads to a
    fracture of the spine or hip in old age. "A spine fracture is
    very painful and associated with increased risk of death,"
    says Elizabeth Shane, MD, professor of medicine at
    Columbia University Medical Center, and a specialist in
    osteoarthritis and other bone diseases. "With a hip
    fracture, you can't live independently. You'll either need a
    caregiver or have to go into assisted living.“

    Less serious in terms of health consequences is a broken
    wrist, which would require wearing a cast. A broken wrist
    makes performing everyday tasks, such as buttoning
    buttons or preparing a meal, a challenge.




Category: Arthritis   ©2012 Chronic Pain and Depression All Rights Reserved   24
Category: Arthritis   ©2012 Chronic Pain and Depression All Rights Reserved   25
Hip Fracture


Category: Arthritis   ©2012 Chronic Pain and Depression All Rights Reserved            26

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Osteoarthritis Facts

  • 2. Osteoarthritis is the weakening of bones, which can lead to painful spine fractures, a broken wrist, or hip breaks. It's most common among people age 65 and older, so why should anyone younger care? Osteoarthritis can be devastating, especially if it leads to a fracture of the spine or hip in old age. 2 Category: Arthritis ©2012 Chronic Pain and Depression All Rights Reserved
  • 3. Throughout your life, you constantly lose old bone and form new bone. As a teenager and young adult, your body makes more bone than it loses, but with age, bone production drops off and bone loss increases, putting you at risk for osteoarthritis. According to the National osteoarthritis Foundation, roughly 10 million Americans have osteoarthritis and 34 million have osteopenia (low bone mass). But osteoarthritis and related fractures don't have to be inevitable. Category: Arthritis ©2012 Chronic Pain and Depression All Rights Reserved 3
  • 4. Osteoarthritis Facts Category: Arthritis ©2012 Chronic Pain and Depression All Rights Reserved 4
  • 5. 1. A broken bone might indicate you already have osteoarthritis. Category: Arthritis ©2012 Chronic Pain and Depression All Rights Reserved 5
  • 6. A simple fall that results in a fracture is the most telling sign that you may have osteoarthritis, says Connie Weaver, PhD, a calcium researcher and chairman of the department of nutrition science at Purdue University. "Many times, people just assume the fracture is due to the trauma and don't investigate if they need to be treated for osteoarthritis,“ People who break a bone and have other risk factors for osteoarthritis, such as a small build or a family history of fracture and low body weight, should be especially vigilant, she says. Category: Arthritis ©2012 Chronic Pain and Depression All Rights Reserved 6
  • 7. 2. Having diabetes raises your risk for osteoarthritis. Category: Arthritis ©2012 Chronic Pain and Depression All Rights Reserved 7
  • 8. People who have type 1 diabetes or type 2 diabetes are prone to weaker bones. "The quality of the bone they make isn't good," says Diane Schneider, MD, a geriatrician and author of The Complete Book of Bone Health. "In people with type 1 diabetes, there is more bone breakdown, and in people with type 2 diabetes, the bones are more fragile." Medications for type 2 diabetes can also cause bones to be weaker. Even extra body weight doesn't help. "We're finding a growing connection between bone and fat," Schneider says. "Being overweight is not as protective as we once thought." Category: Arthritis ©2012 Chronic Pain and Depression All Rights Reserved 8
  • 9. 3. Being thin increases your chances for osteoarthritis. Category: Arthritis ©2012 Chronic Pain and Depression All Rights Reserved 9
  • 10. Having a small frame and a slight build means you have bones that are less dense and more vulnerable to osteoarthritis and fracture. Some studies show you may be especially prone to developing osteoarthritis if you weigh 127 pounds or less, Schneider says. Since there isn't much you can do about the way you're built, women who are small- boned need to take charge of osteoarthritis risk factors that they can control. "You have to pay special attention to what I call the ABCDs of bone health," Schneider says. "Activity, balance, calcium, and vitamin D." Category: Arthritis ©2012 Chronic Pain and Depression All Rights Reserved 10
  • 11. 4. Not getting enough calcium puts your bones at risk. Category: Arthritis ©2012 Chronic Pain and Depression All Rights Reserved 11
  • 12. The fact remains that calcium is a necessary part of our diets. According to the Institute of Medicine, women need 1,000 mg of calcium each day up to age 50, and 1,200 mg of calcium a day after age 50. Diane Schneider, MD, recommends getting the bulk of your calcium from food, such as from milk, yogurt, broccoli, turnip greens, and calcium-fortified foods, and taking less than the recommended dose of calcium supplements. Category: Arthritis ©2012 Chronic Pain and Depression All Rights Reserved 12
  • 13. 5. Some medications can hurt your bones. Category: Arthritis ©2012 Chronic Pain and Depression All Rights Reserved 13
  • 14. Certain medications -- among them, antidepressants, corticosteroids and proton pump inhibitors -- can put your bones at greater risk for osteoarthritis. Anti-seizure medications, certain cancer treatments, and diabetes drugs may also cause bone loss. In most cases, the risk of osteoarthritis goes up the longer you take these meds and the higher the dose. Before going on any medication, ask your doctor about the impact on your bones. If you must take one of these drugs, work with your doctor to take the lowest dose possible, and discuss ways to lower your risk of osteoarthritis. Category: Arthritis ©2012 Chronic Pain and Depression All Rights Reserved 14
  • 15. 6. After menopause, your risk for osteoarthritis increases. Category: Arthritis ©2012 Chronic Pain and Depression All Rights Reserved 15
  • 16. For women, menopause causes a steep drop in estrogen, a hormone essential for strong bones. The earlier you go into menopause, the higher your risk of osteoarthritis. "Women lose the most bone in the first three to five years of menopause," Weaver says. "They can lose as much bone as they gain during puberty." Menopause, Weaver says, is an important time to make lifestyle choices that protect against bone loss; namely, with exercise and diet. Category: Arthritis ©2012 Chronic Pain and Depression All Rights Reserved 16
  • 17. 7. Your diet can encourage the development of osteoarthritis. Category: Arthritis ©2012 Chronic Pain and Depression All Rights Reserved 17
  • 18. Getting enough calcium and vitamin D is essential for warding off osteoarthritis. Linda K. Massey, PhD, RD, a professor of human nutrition at Washington State University in Spokane, says studies show that regular table salt, not simply sodium, causes calcium loss, weakening bones with time. Bones are about 50% protein and bone repair requires a steady stream of dietary amino acids, the building blocks of body proteins. Many soft drinks and certain other carbonated soft drinks contain phosphoric acid, which can increase calcium excretion in your urine. And nearly all soft drinks lack calcium. That combination spells trouble for women at risk of osteoarthritis. Caffeine leeches calcium from bones, sapping their strength. Category: Arthritis ©2012 Chronic Pain and Depression All Rights Reserved 18
  • 19. 8. A bone density test can detect bone loss. Category: Arthritis ©2012 Chronic Pain and Depression All Rights Reserved 19
  • 20. Bone density is commonly measured with dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA), also known as a bone density test. This simple, painless test gauges bone strength by comparing your bone mass to those of young adults of the same gender at peak bone mass, using a T-score. A T-score of -2.5 or lower means you have osteoarthritis. A score between -1.0 and -2.5 means you have osteopenia, low bone mass. A T-score of -1.0 or higher means your bones are normal. "Women usually don't need a DXA scan until they're 65 and men until age 70," Schneider says. Talk to your doctor about when to get screened and about follow-up tests. The answer will depend on your age, osteoarthritis risk factors, and previous bone density test results. Category: Arthritis ©2012 Chronic Pain and Depression All Rights Reserved 20
  • 21. 9. Physical activity protects you against osteoarthritis. Category: Arthritis ©2012 Chronic Pain and Depression All Rights Reserved 21
  • 22. Weight-bearing exercises -- the kind that force your body to work against gravity, such as walking, running, dancing, and tennis -- are the best for keeping bones healthy. The key, Schneider says, is to be active. "It doesn't have to be exercise in the gym," she says. "You simply want to spend more time on your feet and move. You want to spend less time sitting." Category: Arthritis ©2012 Chronic Pain and Depression All Rights Reserved 22
  • 23. 10. Stress can act as a catalyst for osteoarthritis. Category: Arthritis ©2012 Chronic Pain and Depression All Rights Reserved 23
  • 24. Osteoarthritis can be devastating, especially if it leads to a fracture of the spine or hip in old age. "A spine fracture is very painful and associated with increased risk of death," says Elizabeth Shane, MD, professor of medicine at Columbia University Medical Center, and a specialist in osteoarthritis and other bone diseases. "With a hip fracture, you can't live independently. You'll either need a caregiver or have to go into assisted living.“ Less serious in terms of health consequences is a broken wrist, which would require wearing a cast. A broken wrist makes performing everyday tasks, such as buttoning buttons or preparing a meal, a challenge. Category: Arthritis ©2012 Chronic Pain and Depression All Rights Reserved 24
  • 25. Category: Arthritis ©2012 Chronic Pain and Depression All Rights Reserved 25
  • 26. Hip Fracture Category: Arthritis ©2012 Chronic Pain and Depression All Rights Reserved 26