SlideShare una empresa de Scribd logo
1 de 25
Descargar para leer sin conexión
By-sudha chib
msc bt 2
Punjabi university
Patiala
• Definition
• Vermicomposting is a simple biotechnological process of
composting, in which certain species of earthworms are
used to enhance the process of waste conversion and
produce a better product.
• Vermicomposting is a method of preparing enriched
compost with the use of earthworms. It is one of the
easiest methods to recycle agricultural wastes and to
produce quality compost.
Vermicomposting
Vermicomposting
Biological advantages In many soils, these play major role in converting large
pieces of organic matter into rich humus and thus
improving soil fertility
Burrowing activities The earthworm is of great value in keeping soil structure open,
creating multitude of channels that allow processes of both
aeration and drainage to occur
Earthworm castings In home garden, the presence of earthworm castings provide 5
to 11 times more nitrogen, phosphorous, and potassium as the
surrounding soil
Secretions in intestinal tracts of
earthworms
This help in making nutrients more concentrated as well as
readily available for plant uptake including micro nutrients
• Decomposable organic wastes such as animal
excreta, kitchen waste, farm residues and forest litter
are commonly used as composting materials.
• In general, animal dung mostly cow dung and dried
chopped crop residues are the key raw materials.
• Mixture of leguminous and non-leguminous crop
residues enriches the quality of vermicompost.
Species of
earthworms
Red earthworm is
preferred because of
its high multiplication
rate and thereby
converts the organic
matter into
vermicompost within
45-50 days.
Since it is a surface
feeder it converts
organic materials into
vermicompost from top.
• Characters Eisenia foetida
• Body length 3-10cm
• Body weight 0.4-0.6g
• Maturity 50-55days
• Conversion rate 2.0 q/1500worms/2 months
• Cocoon production 1 in every 3 days
• Incubation of co coon 20-23days
Amount of production and composting structures.
• Small-scale vermicomposting:
personal requirement (5-10 tonnes of
vermicompost annually).
• large-scale vermicomposting:
commercial scale (50 – 100 tonnes
annually)
• Bed method :
Composting is done on the pucca / kachcha
floor by making bed (6x2x2 feet size) of organic
mixture. This method is easy to maintain and to practice
• Pit method:
Composting is done in the cemented pits of size
5x5x3 feet. The unit is covered with thatch grass or
any other locally available materials. This method is not
preferred due to poor aeration, water logging at bottom,
and more cost of production.
Vermicomposting
Vermicomposting
Phas
e 1
: Processing involving collection of wastes, shredding, mechanical separation
of the metal, glass and ceramics and storage of organic wastes.
Phas
e 2
: Pre digestion of organic waste for twenty days by heaping the material along with
cattle dung slurry. This process partially digests the material and fit for earthworm
consumption. Cattle dung and biogas slurry may be used after drying. Wet dung
should not be used for vermicompost production.
Phas
e 3
: Preparation of earthworm bed. A concrete base is required to put the waste for
vermicompost preparation. Loose soil will allow the worms to go into soil and also
while watering, all the dissolvable nutrients go into the soil along with water.
Phas
e 4
: Collection of earthworm after vermicompost collection. Sieving the composted
material to separate fully composted material. The partially composted material will
be again put into vermicompost bed.
Phas
e 5
: Storing the vermicompost in proper place to maintain moisture and allow the
beneficial microorganisms to grow.
Vermicomposting
• Vermicomposting unit should be in a cool, moist and
shady site .
• Cow dung and chopped dried leafy materials are
mixed in the proportion of 3: 1
• kept for partial decomposition for 15 – 20 days.
• A layer of 15-20cm of chopped dried leaves/grasses
should be kept as bedding material at the bottom of
the bed.
• Beds of partially decomposed material of size 6x2x2 feet
should be made
• Each bed should contain 1.5-2.0q of raw material
and the number of beds can be increased as per raw
material availability and requirement.
• Red earthworm (1500-2000) should be released on the
upper layer of bed.
• Water should be sprinkled with can immediately after the
release of worms.
• Beds should be kept moist by sprinkling of water
(daily) and b y covering with gunny bags/polythene
• Bed should be turned once after 30 days for
maintaining aeration and for proper decomposition.
• Compost gets ready in 45-50 days.
• The finished product is ¾ of the raw materials used.
Vermicomposting
• When raw material is completely decomposed it
appears black and granular.
• Watering should be stopped as compost gets ready.
• The compost should be kept over a heap of partially
decomposed cow dung so that earthworms could
migrate to cow dung from compost.
• After two days compost can be separated and sieved for
use.
• The floor of the unit should be compact to prevent
earthworms’ migration into the soil.
• 15-20 days old cow dung should be used to avoid
excess heat.
• The organic wastes should be free from plastics,
chemicals, pesticides and metals etc.
• Aeration should be maintained for proper growth
and multiplication of earthworms.
• Optimum moisture level (30-40 %) should be maintained
18-25°C temperature should be maintained for proper
decomposition.
• Death of worms
• They are getting enough food----- food should be burried
into the bedding
• Food may be too dry---- moisture
• Food may be too wet--- bedding
• Worms may be too hot--- put bin in shade
• Bad smells
• No enough air circulation
• Dry bedding under and over the worms
• Turning of the food
• The level of nutrients in compost depends upon the
source of the raw material and the species of
earthworm. A fine worm cast is rich in N P K
besides other nutrients.
• Nutrients in vermicompost are in readily available
form and are released within a month of application.
• Parameters Content
• pH 6.8
• OC% 11.88
• OM% 20.46
• C/N ration 11.64
• Total Nitrogen (%) 1.02
• Available N (%) 0.50
• Available P (%) 0.30
• Available K (%) 0.24
• Ca (%) 0.17
• Mg (%) 0.06
nutrient element vermicompost garden compost
organic carbon 9.8-13.4 12.2
nitrogen 0.51-1.61 0.8
phosphorus 0.19-1.02 0.35
potassium 0.15-0.73 0.48
calcium 1.18-7.61 2.27
magnesium 0.093-0.568 0.57
sodium 0.058-0.158 0.01
zinc 0.0042-0.110 0.0012
copper 0.0026-0.0048 0.0017
iron 0.2050-1.3313 1.169
mangnese 0.0105-0.2038 0.0414
• Vermicompost is rich in all essential plant nutrients.
• Provides excellent effect on overall plant growth, encourages the growth of new
shoots / leaves and improves the quality and shelf life of the produce.
• Vermicompost is free flowing, easy to apply, handle and store and does not have
bad odour.
• It improves soil structure, texture, aeration, and water holding capacity and
prevents soil erosion.
• Vermicompost is rich in beneficial micro flora such as a fixers, P- solubilizers,
cellulose decomposing micro-flora etc in addition to improve soil environment.
• Vermicompost contains earthworm cocoons and increases the population and
activity of earthworm in the soil.
• It neutralizes the soil protection.
• It prevents nutrient losses and increases the use efficiency of chemical
fertilizers.
• Vermicompost is free from pathogens, toxic elements, weed seeds etc.
• Vermicompost minimizes the incidence of pest and diseases.
• It enhances the decomposition of organic matter in soil.
• It contains valuable vitamins, enzymes and hormones like auxins, gibberellins

Más contenido relacionado

La actualidad más candente (20)

Types & methods of composting
Types & methods of compostingTypes & methods of composting
Types & methods of composting
 
Compost
CompostCompost
Compost
 
Composting
Composting Composting
Composting
 
Green manuring
Green manuringGreen manuring
Green manuring
 
Vermicompost
VermicompostVermicompost
Vermicompost
 
Types of biofertilizers
Types of biofertilizersTypes of biofertilizers
Types of biofertilizers
 
Bio control agent
Bio control agentBio control agent
Bio control agent
 
Azolla ppt
Azolla pptAzolla ppt
Azolla ppt
 
Rhizobium Biofertilizer Mass Production
Rhizobium Biofertilizer Mass ProductionRhizobium Biofertilizer Mass Production
Rhizobium Biofertilizer Mass Production
 
Biofertilizers-importance and uses
Biofertilizers-importance and usesBiofertilizers-importance and uses
Biofertilizers-importance and uses
 
Oyster
OysterOyster
Oyster
 
Bioherbicides
BioherbicidesBioherbicides
Bioherbicides
 
Biofertilizers production and their applications
Biofertilizers production  and their applicationsBiofertilizers production  and their applications
Biofertilizers production and their applications
 
MUSHROOM CULTIVATION
MUSHROOM CULTIVATIONMUSHROOM CULTIVATION
MUSHROOM CULTIVATION
 
Biopesticides
BiopesticidesBiopesticides
Biopesticides
 
Final ppt on mushroom
Final ppt on mushroomFinal ppt on mushroom
Final ppt on mushroom
 
IPM:- Integrated Pest Management
IPM:- Integrated Pest ManagementIPM:- Integrated Pest Management
IPM:- Integrated Pest Management
 
Green house technology introduction
Green house technology introductionGreen house technology introduction
Green house technology introduction
 
Mushroom cultivation pdf
Mushroom cultivation pdf Mushroom cultivation pdf
Mushroom cultivation pdf
 
Mycorrhizae types and applications
Mycorrhizae  types and applicationsMycorrhizae  types and applications
Mycorrhizae types and applications
 

Destacado

Vermiculture and Vermicomposting in the Philippines
Vermiculture and Vermicomposting in the PhilippinesVermiculture and Vermicomposting in the Philippines
Vermiculture and Vermicomposting in the PhilippinesAlex Magtulis
 
Water Pollution and Treatment
Water Pollution and TreatmentWater Pollution and Treatment
Water Pollution and Treatmentguest5907f90
 
Preventive measures of water pollution
Preventive measures of water pollutionPreventive measures of water pollution
Preventive measures of water pollutionCharmi Doshi
 
Solid waste management
Solid waste managementSolid waste management
Solid waste managementAdib Ramli
 
Water (prevention & control of pollution) act, 1974
Water (prevention & control of pollution) act, 1974Water (prevention & control of pollution) act, 1974
Water (prevention & control of pollution) act, 1974ACS Shalu Saraf
 
Water pollution and treatment PPT
Water pollution and treatment PPTWater pollution and treatment PPT
Water pollution and treatment PPTGowtham Raja
 
Sewage Treatment Plant Design Project
Sewage  Treatment  Plant  Design  ProjectSewage  Treatment  Plant  Design  Project
Sewage Treatment Plant Design ProjectAnoop Shrestha
 

Destacado (13)

Vermicomposting presentation
Vermicomposting presentationVermicomposting presentation
Vermicomposting presentation
 
Vermiculture
VermicultureVermiculture
Vermiculture
 
Vermiculture and Vermicomposting in the Philippines
Vermiculture and Vermicomposting in the PhilippinesVermiculture and Vermicomposting in the Philippines
Vermiculture and Vermicomposting in the Philippines
 
Water Pollution and Treatment
Water Pollution and TreatmentWater Pollution and Treatment
Water Pollution and Treatment
 
Preventive measures of water pollution
Preventive measures of water pollutionPreventive measures of water pollution
Preventive measures of water pollution
 
Solid waste management
Solid waste managementSolid waste management
Solid waste management
 
Water (prevention & control of pollution) act, 1974
Water (prevention & control of pollution) act, 1974Water (prevention & control of pollution) act, 1974
Water (prevention & control of pollution) act, 1974
 
Refuse chute
Refuse chuteRefuse chute
Refuse chute
 
Vermicomposting
VermicompostingVermicomposting
Vermicomposting
 
Water pollution and treatment PPT
Water pollution and treatment PPTWater pollution and treatment PPT
Water pollution and treatment PPT
 
BIOGAS for Everyone : Simplified for all
BIOGAS for Everyone : Simplified for all BIOGAS for Everyone : Simplified for all
BIOGAS for Everyone : Simplified for all
 
Bio-Gas
Bio-Gas Bio-Gas
Bio-Gas
 
Sewage Treatment Plant Design Project
Sewage  Treatment  Plant  Design  ProjectSewage  Treatment  Plant  Design  Project
Sewage Treatment Plant Design Project
 

Similar a Vermicomposting

Solid waste treatment by composting
Solid waste treatment by compostingSolid waste treatment by composting
Solid waste treatment by compostingSailish Cephas
 
ORGANIC FARMING : COMMON ORGANIC MANURES SMG
ORGANIC FARMING : COMMON ORGANIC MANURES     SMGORGANIC FARMING : COMMON ORGANIC MANURES     SMG
ORGANIC FARMING : COMMON ORGANIC MANURES SMGsajigeorge64
 
Aerobic Composting method
Aerobic Composting methodAerobic Composting method
Aerobic Composting methodHARISH J
 
Principles of organic farming
Principles of organic farmingPrinciples of organic farming
Principles of organic farmingssuser56df2f
 
Composting methods and techniques (praveen.b.patil)21;05;14
Composting methods and techniques  (praveen.b.patil)21;05;14Composting methods and techniques  (praveen.b.patil)21;05;14
Composting methods and techniques (praveen.b.patil)21;05;14praveenentomo
 
Vermicompost rajpal singh.pptx
Vermicompost rajpal singh.pptxVermicompost rajpal singh.pptx
Vermicompost rajpal singh.pptxRajpal Singh
 
Preparation and uses of vermicompost and biofertilizers
Preparation and uses of vermicompost and biofertilizersPreparation and uses of vermicompost and biofertilizers
Preparation and uses of vermicompost and biofertilizersHaseena Shabnam
 
GROUP 8 Presentation (1).pptx
GROUP 8 Presentation (1).pptxGROUP 8 Presentation (1).pptx
GROUP 8 Presentation (1).pptxwerty25
 
vermicompost kashish.pptx
vermicompost kashish.pptxvermicompost kashish.pptx
vermicompost kashish.pptxKashishgakhar1
 
ITFT Vermiculture ppt
ITFT Vermiculture ppt ITFT Vermiculture ppt
ITFT Vermiculture ppt Harminder Kaur
 
Composting presentation of Amandeep Singh Marahar, Student of MGC Fatehgarh S...
Composting presentation of Amandeep Singh Marahar, Student of MGC Fatehgarh S...Composting presentation of Amandeep Singh Marahar, Student of MGC Fatehgarh S...
Composting presentation of Amandeep Singh Marahar, Student of MGC Fatehgarh S...AmandeepSingh1590
 
Composting ppt of Amandeep Singh Marahar, Student of Mata Gujri College Fateh...
Composting ppt of Amandeep Singh Marahar, Student of Mata Gujri College Fateh...Composting ppt of Amandeep Singh Marahar, Student of Mata Gujri College Fateh...
Composting ppt of Amandeep Singh Marahar, Student of Mata Gujri College Fateh...AmandeepSingh1590
 
SOLID WASTE SOURCES AND MANAGEMENT COMPOSTING. ppt/ slide share
SOLID WASTE SOURCES AND MANAGEMENT  COMPOSTING. ppt/ slide shareSOLID WASTE SOURCES AND MANAGEMENT  COMPOSTING. ppt/ slide share
SOLID WASTE SOURCES AND MANAGEMENT COMPOSTING. ppt/ slide shareBharath S R
 
3 compost amp_vermicompost
3 compost amp_vermicompost3 compost amp_vermicompost
3 compost amp_vermicompostRione Drevale
 
COMPOSTING PUNIT PATIL 3315.pptx
COMPOSTING PUNIT PATIL 3315.pptxCOMPOSTING PUNIT PATIL 3315.pptx
COMPOSTING PUNIT PATIL 3315.pptxvarun744831
 

Similar a Vermicomposting (20)

Solid waste treatment by composting
Solid waste treatment by compostingSolid waste treatment by composting
Solid waste treatment by composting
 
ORGANIC FARMING : COMMON ORGANIC MANURES SMG
ORGANIC FARMING : COMMON ORGANIC MANURES     SMGORGANIC FARMING : COMMON ORGANIC MANURES     SMG
ORGANIC FARMING : COMMON ORGANIC MANURES SMG
 
Organic fertilizers
Organic fertilizersOrganic fertilizers
Organic fertilizers
 
Aerobic Composting method
Aerobic Composting methodAerobic Composting method
Aerobic Composting method
 
Principles of organic farming
Principles of organic farmingPrinciples of organic farming
Principles of organic farming
 
Composting methods and techniques (praveen.b.patil)21;05;14
Composting methods and techniques  (praveen.b.patil)21;05;14Composting methods and techniques  (praveen.b.patil)21;05;14
Composting methods and techniques (praveen.b.patil)21;05;14
 
Vermicompost rajpal singh.pptx
Vermicompost rajpal singh.pptxVermicompost rajpal singh.pptx
Vermicompost rajpal singh.pptx
 
Preparation and uses of vermicompost and biofertilizers
Preparation and uses of vermicompost and biofertilizersPreparation and uses of vermicompost and biofertilizers
Preparation and uses of vermicompost and biofertilizers
 
GROUP 8 Presentation (1).pptx
GROUP 8 Presentation (1).pptxGROUP 8 Presentation (1).pptx
GROUP 8 Presentation (1).pptx
 
Organic compost
Organic compostOrganic compost
Organic compost
 
Organic compost.
Organic compost.Organic compost.
Organic compost.
 
vermicompost kashish.pptx
vermicompost kashish.pptxvermicompost kashish.pptx
vermicompost kashish.pptx
 
ITFT Vermiculture ppt
ITFT Vermiculture ppt ITFT Vermiculture ppt
ITFT Vermiculture ppt
 
Final Project PPT.pptx
Final Project PPT.pptxFinal Project PPT.pptx
Final Project PPT.pptx
 
Vermitechnology
VermitechnologyVermitechnology
Vermitechnology
 
Composting presentation of Amandeep Singh Marahar, Student of MGC Fatehgarh S...
Composting presentation of Amandeep Singh Marahar, Student of MGC Fatehgarh S...Composting presentation of Amandeep Singh Marahar, Student of MGC Fatehgarh S...
Composting presentation of Amandeep Singh Marahar, Student of MGC Fatehgarh S...
 
Composting ppt of Amandeep Singh Marahar, Student of Mata Gujri College Fateh...
Composting ppt of Amandeep Singh Marahar, Student of Mata Gujri College Fateh...Composting ppt of Amandeep Singh Marahar, Student of Mata Gujri College Fateh...
Composting ppt of Amandeep Singh Marahar, Student of Mata Gujri College Fateh...
 
SOLID WASTE SOURCES AND MANAGEMENT COMPOSTING. ppt/ slide share
SOLID WASTE SOURCES AND MANAGEMENT  COMPOSTING. ppt/ slide shareSOLID WASTE SOURCES AND MANAGEMENT  COMPOSTING. ppt/ slide share
SOLID WASTE SOURCES AND MANAGEMENT COMPOSTING. ppt/ slide share
 
3 compost amp_vermicompost
3 compost amp_vermicompost3 compost amp_vermicompost
3 compost amp_vermicompost
 
COMPOSTING PUNIT PATIL 3315.pptx
COMPOSTING PUNIT PATIL 3315.pptxCOMPOSTING PUNIT PATIL 3315.pptx
COMPOSTING PUNIT PATIL 3315.pptx
 

Más de sudha rajput

Enzymes in organic solvents
Enzymes in organic solventsEnzymes in organic solvents
Enzymes in organic solventssudha rajput
 
Amylases and pectinases
Amylases and pectinasesAmylases and pectinases
Amylases and pectinasessudha rajput
 
Sudha enzyme technology
Sudha enzyme technologySudha enzyme technology
Sudha enzyme technologysudha rajput
 
Nanotech copy-130304011722-phpapp02
Nanotech copy-130304011722-phpapp02Nanotech copy-130304011722-phpapp02
Nanotech copy-130304011722-phpapp02sudha rajput
 
Optical rotatory dispersion & circular dichorism
Optical rotatory dispersion &                    circular dichorismOptical rotatory dispersion &                    circular dichorism
Optical rotatory dispersion & circular dichorismsudha rajput
 
Biotransformation of steroids
Biotransformation of steroidsBiotransformation of steroids
Biotransformation of steroidssudha rajput
 

Más de sudha rajput (8)

Enzymes in organic solvents
Enzymes in organic solventsEnzymes in organic solvents
Enzymes in organic solvents
 
Amylases and pectinases
Amylases and pectinasesAmylases and pectinases
Amylases and pectinases
 
Sudha enzyme technology
Sudha enzyme technologySudha enzyme technology
Sudha enzyme technology
 
Nanotech copy-130304011722-phpapp02
Nanotech copy-130304011722-phpapp02Nanotech copy-130304011722-phpapp02
Nanotech copy-130304011722-phpapp02
 
Env sudha
Env sudhaEnv sudha
Env sudha
 
Env sudha
Env sudhaEnv sudha
Env sudha
 
Optical rotatory dispersion & circular dichorism
Optical rotatory dispersion &                    circular dichorismOptical rotatory dispersion &                    circular dichorism
Optical rotatory dispersion & circular dichorism
 
Biotransformation of steroids
Biotransformation of steroidsBiotransformation of steroids
Biotransformation of steroids
 

Último

DUST OF SNOW_BY ROBERT FROST_EDITED BY_ TANMOY MISHRA
DUST OF SNOW_BY ROBERT FROST_EDITED BY_ TANMOY MISHRADUST OF SNOW_BY ROBERT FROST_EDITED BY_ TANMOY MISHRA
DUST OF SNOW_BY ROBERT FROST_EDITED BY_ TANMOY MISHRATanmoy Mishra
 
The Singapore Teaching Practice document
The Singapore Teaching Practice documentThe Singapore Teaching Practice document
The Singapore Teaching Practice documentXsasf Sfdfasd
 
Philosophy of Education and Educational Philosophy
Philosophy of Education  and Educational PhilosophyPhilosophy of Education  and Educational Philosophy
Philosophy of Education and Educational PhilosophyShuvankar Madhu
 
The basics of sentences session 10pptx.pptx
The basics of sentences session 10pptx.pptxThe basics of sentences session 10pptx.pptx
The basics of sentences session 10pptx.pptxheathfieldcps1
 
M-2- General Reactions of amino acids.pptx
M-2- General Reactions of amino acids.pptxM-2- General Reactions of amino acids.pptx
M-2- General Reactions of amino acids.pptxDr. Santhosh Kumar. N
 
Patterns of Written Texts Across Disciplines.pptx
Patterns of Written Texts Across Disciplines.pptxPatterns of Written Texts Across Disciplines.pptx
Patterns of Written Texts Across Disciplines.pptxMYDA ANGELICA SUAN
 
PISA-VET launch_El Iza Mohamedou_19 March 2024.pptx
PISA-VET launch_El Iza Mohamedou_19 March 2024.pptxPISA-VET launch_El Iza Mohamedou_19 March 2024.pptx
PISA-VET launch_El Iza Mohamedou_19 March 2024.pptxEduSkills OECD
 
How to Solve Singleton Error in the Odoo 17
How to Solve Singleton Error in the  Odoo 17How to Solve Singleton Error in the  Odoo 17
How to Solve Singleton Error in the Odoo 17Celine George
 
Practical Research 1: Lesson 8 Writing the Thesis Statement.pptx
Practical Research 1: Lesson 8 Writing the Thesis Statement.pptxPractical Research 1: Lesson 8 Writing the Thesis Statement.pptx
Practical Research 1: Lesson 8 Writing the Thesis Statement.pptxKatherine Villaluna
 
Prescribed medication order and communication skills.pptx
Prescribed medication order and communication skills.pptxPrescribed medication order and communication skills.pptx
Prescribed medication order and communication skills.pptxraviapr7
 
How to Make a Field read-only in Odoo 17
How to Make a Field read-only in Odoo 17How to Make a Field read-only in Odoo 17
How to Make a Field read-only in Odoo 17Celine George
 
Ultra structure and life cycle of Plasmodium.pptx
Ultra structure and life cycle of Plasmodium.pptxUltra structure and life cycle of Plasmodium.pptx
Ultra structure and life cycle of Plasmodium.pptxDr. Asif Anas
 
CapTechU Doctoral Presentation -March 2024 slides.pptx
CapTechU Doctoral Presentation -March 2024 slides.pptxCapTechU Doctoral Presentation -March 2024 slides.pptx
CapTechU Doctoral Presentation -March 2024 slides.pptxCapitolTechU
 
UKCGE Parental Leave Discussion March 2024
UKCGE Parental Leave Discussion March 2024UKCGE Parental Leave Discussion March 2024
UKCGE Parental Leave Discussion March 2024UKCGE
 
3.21.24 The Origins of Black Power.pptx
3.21.24  The Origins of Black Power.pptx3.21.24  The Origins of Black Power.pptx
3.21.24 The Origins of Black Power.pptxmary850239
 
CAULIFLOWER BREEDING 1 Parmar pptx
CAULIFLOWER BREEDING 1 Parmar pptxCAULIFLOWER BREEDING 1 Parmar pptx
CAULIFLOWER BREEDING 1 Parmar pptxSaurabhParmar42
 
In - Vivo and In - Vitro Correlation.pptx
In - Vivo and In - Vitro Correlation.pptxIn - Vivo and In - Vitro Correlation.pptx
In - Vivo and In - Vitro Correlation.pptxAditiChauhan701637
 
How to Add Existing Field in One2Many Tree View in Odoo 17
How to Add Existing Field in One2Many Tree View in Odoo 17How to Add Existing Field in One2Many Tree View in Odoo 17
How to Add Existing Field in One2Many Tree View in Odoo 17Celine George
 
How to Use api.constrains ( ) in Odoo 17
How to Use api.constrains ( ) in Odoo 17How to Use api.constrains ( ) in Odoo 17
How to Use api.constrains ( ) in Odoo 17Celine George
 

Último (20)

DUST OF SNOW_BY ROBERT FROST_EDITED BY_ TANMOY MISHRA
DUST OF SNOW_BY ROBERT FROST_EDITED BY_ TANMOY MISHRADUST OF SNOW_BY ROBERT FROST_EDITED BY_ TANMOY MISHRA
DUST OF SNOW_BY ROBERT FROST_EDITED BY_ TANMOY MISHRA
 
The Singapore Teaching Practice document
The Singapore Teaching Practice documentThe Singapore Teaching Practice document
The Singapore Teaching Practice document
 
Prelims of Kant get Marx 2.0: a general politics quiz
Prelims of Kant get Marx 2.0: a general politics quizPrelims of Kant get Marx 2.0: a general politics quiz
Prelims of Kant get Marx 2.0: a general politics quiz
 
Philosophy of Education and Educational Philosophy
Philosophy of Education  and Educational PhilosophyPhilosophy of Education  and Educational Philosophy
Philosophy of Education and Educational Philosophy
 
The basics of sentences session 10pptx.pptx
The basics of sentences session 10pptx.pptxThe basics of sentences session 10pptx.pptx
The basics of sentences session 10pptx.pptx
 
M-2- General Reactions of amino acids.pptx
M-2- General Reactions of amino acids.pptxM-2- General Reactions of amino acids.pptx
M-2- General Reactions of amino acids.pptx
 
Patterns of Written Texts Across Disciplines.pptx
Patterns of Written Texts Across Disciplines.pptxPatterns of Written Texts Across Disciplines.pptx
Patterns of Written Texts Across Disciplines.pptx
 
PISA-VET launch_El Iza Mohamedou_19 March 2024.pptx
PISA-VET launch_El Iza Mohamedou_19 March 2024.pptxPISA-VET launch_El Iza Mohamedou_19 March 2024.pptx
PISA-VET launch_El Iza Mohamedou_19 March 2024.pptx
 
How to Solve Singleton Error in the Odoo 17
How to Solve Singleton Error in the  Odoo 17How to Solve Singleton Error in the  Odoo 17
How to Solve Singleton Error in the Odoo 17
 
Practical Research 1: Lesson 8 Writing the Thesis Statement.pptx
Practical Research 1: Lesson 8 Writing the Thesis Statement.pptxPractical Research 1: Lesson 8 Writing the Thesis Statement.pptx
Practical Research 1: Lesson 8 Writing the Thesis Statement.pptx
 
Prescribed medication order and communication skills.pptx
Prescribed medication order and communication skills.pptxPrescribed medication order and communication skills.pptx
Prescribed medication order and communication skills.pptx
 
How to Make a Field read-only in Odoo 17
How to Make a Field read-only in Odoo 17How to Make a Field read-only in Odoo 17
How to Make a Field read-only in Odoo 17
 
Ultra structure and life cycle of Plasmodium.pptx
Ultra structure and life cycle of Plasmodium.pptxUltra structure and life cycle of Plasmodium.pptx
Ultra structure and life cycle of Plasmodium.pptx
 
CapTechU Doctoral Presentation -March 2024 slides.pptx
CapTechU Doctoral Presentation -March 2024 slides.pptxCapTechU Doctoral Presentation -March 2024 slides.pptx
CapTechU Doctoral Presentation -March 2024 slides.pptx
 
UKCGE Parental Leave Discussion March 2024
UKCGE Parental Leave Discussion March 2024UKCGE Parental Leave Discussion March 2024
UKCGE Parental Leave Discussion March 2024
 
3.21.24 The Origins of Black Power.pptx
3.21.24  The Origins of Black Power.pptx3.21.24  The Origins of Black Power.pptx
3.21.24 The Origins of Black Power.pptx
 
CAULIFLOWER BREEDING 1 Parmar pptx
CAULIFLOWER BREEDING 1 Parmar pptxCAULIFLOWER BREEDING 1 Parmar pptx
CAULIFLOWER BREEDING 1 Parmar pptx
 
In - Vivo and In - Vitro Correlation.pptx
In - Vivo and In - Vitro Correlation.pptxIn - Vivo and In - Vitro Correlation.pptx
In - Vivo and In - Vitro Correlation.pptx
 
How to Add Existing Field in One2Many Tree View in Odoo 17
How to Add Existing Field in One2Many Tree View in Odoo 17How to Add Existing Field in One2Many Tree View in Odoo 17
How to Add Existing Field in One2Many Tree View in Odoo 17
 
How to Use api.constrains ( ) in Odoo 17
How to Use api.constrains ( ) in Odoo 17How to Use api.constrains ( ) in Odoo 17
How to Use api.constrains ( ) in Odoo 17
 

Vermicomposting

  • 1. By-sudha chib msc bt 2 Punjabi university Patiala
  • 2. • Definition • Vermicomposting is a simple biotechnological process of composting, in which certain species of earthworms are used to enhance the process of waste conversion and produce a better product. • Vermicomposting is a method of preparing enriched compost with the use of earthworms. It is one of the easiest methods to recycle agricultural wastes and to produce quality compost.
  • 5. Biological advantages In many soils, these play major role in converting large pieces of organic matter into rich humus and thus improving soil fertility Burrowing activities The earthworm is of great value in keeping soil structure open, creating multitude of channels that allow processes of both aeration and drainage to occur Earthworm castings In home garden, the presence of earthworm castings provide 5 to 11 times more nitrogen, phosphorous, and potassium as the surrounding soil Secretions in intestinal tracts of earthworms This help in making nutrients more concentrated as well as readily available for plant uptake including micro nutrients
  • 6. • Decomposable organic wastes such as animal excreta, kitchen waste, farm residues and forest litter are commonly used as composting materials. • In general, animal dung mostly cow dung and dried chopped crop residues are the key raw materials. • Mixture of leguminous and non-leguminous crop residues enriches the quality of vermicompost.
  • 8. Red earthworm is preferred because of its high multiplication rate and thereby converts the organic matter into vermicompost within 45-50 days. Since it is a surface feeder it converts organic materials into vermicompost from top.
  • 9. • Characters Eisenia foetida • Body length 3-10cm • Body weight 0.4-0.6g • Maturity 50-55days • Conversion rate 2.0 q/1500worms/2 months • Cocoon production 1 in every 3 days • Incubation of co coon 20-23days
  • 10. Amount of production and composting structures. • Small-scale vermicomposting: personal requirement (5-10 tonnes of vermicompost annually). • large-scale vermicomposting: commercial scale (50 – 100 tonnes annually)
  • 11. • Bed method : Composting is done on the pucca / kachcha floor by making bed (6x2x2 feet size) of organic mixture. This method is easy to maintain and to practice • Pit method: Composting is done in the cemented pits of size 5x5x3 feet. The unit is covered with thatch grass or any other locally available materials. This method is not preferred due to poor aeration, water logging at bottom, and more cost of production.
  • 14. Phas e 1 : Processing involving collection of wastes, shredding, mechanical separation of the metal, glass and ceramics and storage of organic wastes. Phas e 2 : Pre digestion of organic waste for twenty days by heaping the material along with cattle dung slurry. This process partially digests the material and fit for earthworm consumption. Cattle dung and biogas slurry may be used after drying. Wet dung should not be used for vermicompost production. Phas e 3 : Preparation of earthworm bed. A concrete base is required to put the waste for vermicompost preparation. Loose soil will allow the worms to go into soil and also while watering, all the dissolvable nutrients go into the soil along with water. Phas e 4 : Collection of earthworm after vermicompost collection. Sieving the composted material to separate fully composted material. The partially composted material will be again put into vermicompost bed. Phas e 5 : Storing the vermicompost in proper place to maintain moisture and allow the beneficial microorganisms to grow.
  • 16. • Vermicomposting unit should be in a cool, moist and shady site . • Cow dung and chopped dried leafy materials are mixed in the proportion of 3: 1 • kept for partial decomposition for 15 – 20 days. • A layer of 15-20cm of chopped dried leaves/grasses should be kept as bedding material at the bottom of the bed. • Beds of partially decomposed material of size 6x2x2 feet should be made • Each bed should contain 1.5-2.0q of raw material and the number of beds can be increased as per raw material availability and requirement.
  • 17. • Red earthworm (1500-2000) should be released on the upper layer of bed. • Water should be sprinkled with can immediately after the release of worms. • Beds should be kept moist by sprinkling of water (daily) and b y covering with gunny bags/polythene • Bed should be turned once after 30 days for maintaining aeration and for proper decomposition. • Compost gets ready in 45-50 days. • The finished product is ¾ of the raw materials used.
  • 19. • When raw material is completely decomposed it appears black and granular. • Watering should be stopped as compost gets ready. • The compost should be kept over a heap of partially decomposed cow dung so that earthworms could migrate to cow dung from compost. • After two days compost can be separated and sieved for use.
  • 20. • The floor of the unit should be compact to prevent earthworms’ migration into the soil. • 15-20 days old cow dung should be used to avoid excess heat. • The organic wastes should be free from plastics, chemicals, pesticides and metals etc. • Aeration should be maintained for proper growth and multiplication of earthworms. • Optimum moisture level (30-40 %) should be maintained 18-25°C temperature should be maintained for proper decomposition.
  • 21. • Death of worms • They are getting enough food----- food should be burried into the bedding • Food may be too dry---- moisture • Food may be too wet--- bedding • Worms may be too hot--- put bin in shade • Bad smells • No enough air circulation • Dry bedding under and over the worms • Turning of the food
  • 22. • The level of nutrients in compost depends upon the source of the raw material and the species of earthworm. A fine worm cast is rich in N P K besides other nutrients. • Nutrients in vermicompost are in readily available form and are released within a month of application.
  • 23. • Parameters Content • pH 6.8 • OC% 11.88 • OM% 20.46 • C/N ration 11.64 • Total Nitrogen (%) 1.02 • Available N (%) 0.50 • Available P (%) 0.30 • Available K (%) 0.24 • Ca (%) 0.17 • Mg (%) 0.06
  • 24. nutrient element vermicompost garden compost organic carbon 9.8-13.4 12.2 nitrogen 0.51-1.61 0.8 phosphorus 0.19-1.02 0.35 potassium 0.15-0.73 0.48 calcium 1.18-7.61 2.27 magnesium 0.093-0.568 0.57 sodium 0.058-0.158 0.01 zinc 0.0042-0.110 0.0012 copper 0.0026-0.0048 0.0017 iron 0.2050-1.3313 1.169 mangnese 0.0105-0.2038 0.0414
  • 25. • Vermicompost is rich in all essential plant nutrients. • Provides excellent effect on overall plant growth, encourages the growth of new shoots / leaves and improves the quality and shelf life of the produce. • Vermicompost is free flowing, easy to apply, handle and store and does not have bad odour. • It improves soil structure, texture, aeration, and water holding capacity and prevents soil erosion. • Vermicompost is rich in beneficial micro flora such as a fixers, P- solubilizers, cellulose decomposing micro-flora etc in addition to improve soil environment. • Vermicompost contains earthworm cocoons and increases the population and activity of earthworm in the soil. • It neutralizes the soil protection. • It prevents nutrient losses and increases the use efficiency of chemical fertilizers. • Vermicompost is free from pathogens, toxic elements, weed seeds etc. • Vermicompost minimizes the incidence of pest and diseases. • It enhances the decomposition of organic matter in soil. • It contains valuable vitamins, enzymes and hormones like auxins, gibberellins