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Free Radicals and Antioxidants
Dr.Herat soni
3rd
year resident
Biochemistry
Free radicals
The most damaging radicals in biological systems
are oxygen radicals (sometimes called reactive
oxygen species)—especially superoxide
hydroxyl, OH∙, and perhydroxyl, O2H∙.
Radical Damage
● DNA : Chemical changes
● Lipids :
Radical damage to Unsturated FA in cell
membrane and plasma lipoprotein
Lipid peroxides
Reactive dialdehydes
Chemically modify proteins and Nucleic acid
● Proteins :Tyrosine Residue , Cleavage of
peptide bond
Effects of radical damage
DNA
Inheritable mutation and cancer
Chemical modification of amino acid in protein
Auto immune Disease
Damage to plasma LDL
Atherosclerosis
Free radicals
Sources of oxygen radicals
● Ionising radiation
● Transition metal ions
● Nitric oxide
● Respiratory burst
● Mitochondrial oxidation of reduced flavins
Respiratory burst
Plasma free radical estimation
Lipid peroxides
Under acidic conditions, they oxidize Fe2+ to
Fe3+ , which forms a chromophore with
xylenol orange
Dialdehydes formed from lipid peroxides
Measured by reaction with thiobarbituric acid
they form a red fluorescent adduct—
Total thiobarbituric acid reactive substances,
TBARS.
Protection against Radical damage
● Metal ions as prostetic group
● Superoxide dismutase and catalase
● Glutathione peroxidase (Selenium)
● Vitamin E and Vitamin C
● Ascorbate , Uric acid and variety of polyphenols
Stable free radical trapping mechanism
● Ubiquinone and carotenes
Free radicals
Antioxidant can be pro-Oxidant
● Vitamin C
● Vitamin E
● Beta-carotene
Thank
you

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Free radicals

  • 1. Free Radicals and Antioxidants Dr.Herat soni 3rd year resident Biochemistry
  • 2. Free radicals The most damaging radicals in biological systems are oxygen radicals (sometimes called reactive oxygen species)—especially superoxide hydroxyl, OH∙, and perhydroxyl, O2H∙.
  • 3. Radical Damage ● DNA : Chemical changes ● Lipids : Radical damage to Unsturated FA in cell membrane and plasma lipoprotein Lipid peroxides Reactive dialdehydes Chemically modify proteins and Nucleic acid ● Proteins :Tyrosine Residue , Cleavage of peptide bond
  • 4. Effects of radical damage DNA Inheritable mutation and cancer Chemical modification of amino acid in protein Auto immune Disease Damage to plasma LDL Atherosclerosis
  • 6. Sources of oxygen radicals ● Ionising radiation ● Transition metal ions ● Nitric oxide ● Respiratory burst ● Mitochondrial oxidation of reduced flavins
  • 8. Plasma free radical estimation Lipid peroxides Under acidic conditions, they oxidize Fe2+ to Fe3+ , which forms a chromophore with xylenol orange
  • 9. Dialdehydes formed from lipid peroxides Measured by reaction with thiobarbituric acid they form a red fluorescent adduct— Total thiobarbituric acid reactive substances, TBARS.
  • 10. Protection against Radical damage ● Metal ions as prostetic group ● Superoxide dismutase and catalase ● Glutathione peroxidase (Selenium) ● Vitamin E and Vitamin C ● Ascorbate , Uric acid and variety of polyphenols Stable free radical trapping mechanism ● Ubiquinone and carotenes
  • 12. Antioxidant can be pro-Oxidant ● Vitamin C ● Vitamin E ● Beta-carotene