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IMPRESSIONISM
AND POST-
IMPRESSIONISM
AP ART HISTORY
 THE IMPRESSIONISTS ORGANIZED THEIR
FIRST EXHIBIT IN 1874 IN PARIS, USING THE
NAME: ANONYMOUS SOCIETY OF PAINTERS,
SCULPTORS, PRINTMAKERS. EACH MEMBER
HAD A UNIQUE STYLE
IMPRESSIONISM
OVERVIEW
Claude Monet
 Their depiction of modern life
 Their rejection of established European styles
 The embracing of new experimental ideas
known as “avant garde”
 The incorporation of new techniques such as
short, choppy brushstrokes, using pure bright
colors.
 New synthetic pigments and ready made paint
solid in tubes
 Interested in painting “plain air”, landscaping
ARTISTS WERE UNITED
 In 1853, after more than 200 years,
Japanese ports reopened to trade with
west
 Woodcut prints by Japanese masters
of the ukiyo-e tradition, as well as
other exotic objects such as fans and
kimonos, became easily available in
Europe.
 The Japanese prints and items had a
large effect on the artwork of many
impressionists as well as post-
impressionists.
Japonisme : the Japanese influence
on European art during
impressionism
Van Gogh – Japonisme -
impressionism
 Van Gogh like many other
impressionists and post
impressionists artists was one
of the admirers of Japanese art.
Le Japonaise by Claude
Monet
Flowering Plum Tree by
Van Gogh 1887 (Hiroshige on
the Left)
Key impressionists artists
Claude Monet
Edgar Degas
Pierre Renoir
Camille PissarroPaul Cezanne
Van Gogh
Claude Monet, Rouen
Cathedral: The Portal 1892
• This one of 30 paintings that
Monet completed using the
same composition.
• Each one captures a unique tme
of the day, year and weather.
• Monet was recording his
experiences with light and its
effect on local color.
• He was well known for his
other series of paintings using
subjects as haystacks and water
lilies
Auguste-Renoir :
Luncheon of the Boating
Party oil on canvas 1880
• In this artwork, the changing
character of 19th century French
society is evident. Businessmen,
aristocrats, artists, were all
welcome in the same
establishments.
• Although the scene appears to be
spontaneous, Renoir carefully
crafted the composition to achieve
this effect.
Gustave Caillebotte –
Paris: A rainy Day oil on
Canvas 1877
 In this piece, Caillebotte captures the changes that
Paris underwent in 1851 under the rule of Napoleon
III.
 Bron Haussman, prefect of Paris, transformed the
medieval city into a modern one. Old buildings were
torn down and boulevards were widened.
 The cropping of the composition is evidence of the
influence of the new medium of photography.
 Caillebotte included the Gare Saint Lazare Train
Station in the background which was new at that
time.
Paris: A Rainy Day by
Caillebotte in 1877
Edgar Degas – The Tub
(pastel on paper 1885)
 The influence of Japanese woodcut prints can
be seen in the use of an elevated viewpoint, the
semiabstract areas of the composition, and the
simple everyday subject matter.
 Although Degas was not interested in the
effects of light or in landscape painting, his
style is similar to that of impressionists.
 Degas was the first artist to elevate pastel to a
medium used for finished work rather than just
for sketches.
Degas – The Tub 1885-
1886
Mary Cassatt –
The Bath, oil on
canvas 1893
 Cassatt was the only American to exhibit with the
impressionists
 She did many artworks that depict children being cared for
by their mothers. These reflect new ideas about raising
children. After 1870, French scientists and physicians
encouraged mothers to care for their children themselves
and to include regular bathing to their routine.
 She liked depiction of common elements in women´s lives
found among the floating world of Japanese prints.
 The elevated viewpoint and simplified color and patterns
are evidence of her respect for the Japanese style.
Cassatt – The Bath (oil on
canvas 1893)
Post-Impressionism
 Post-Impressionism in Western painting, movement in France that
represented both an extension of Impressionism and a rejection of
that style’s inherent limitations. The term Post-Impressionism was
coined by the English art critic Roger Fry for the work of such late
19th-century painters as Paul Cézanne, Georges Seurat, Paul
Gauguin, Vincent van Gogh, Henri de Toulouse-Lautrec, and others.
 . Impressionism was based, in its strictest sense, on the objective
recording of nature in terms of the fugitive effects of colour and
light. The Post-Impressionists rejected this limited aim in favour of
more ambitious expression, admitting their debt, however, to the
pure, brilliant colours of Impressionism, its freedom from traditional
subject matter, and its technique of defining form with short
brushstrokes of broken colour. The work of these painters formed a
basis for several contemporary trends and for early 20th-century
modernism.
POST IMPRESSIONISM
Henri de Toulouse – At
the Moulin Rouge (oil on
Canvas 1892)
 This is a depiction of the one of Toulouse Lautrec´s favorite
nightspots in Paris
 Toulouse depicted himself and his cousin in the
background and painted his friends as well.
 His work is very personal and emotional and often
contains sarcastic edge.
 He often incorporated the harsh indoor lighting of the
clubs and cafes that he frequented.
 The style of the work is influenced by Japanese woodcuts
in the use of exaggerated color, the caricature like subjects,
the use of outlines, and the mask life faces.
Toulouse – At the Moulin
Rouge, 1892-1895
Georges Seurat, A Sunday
on La Grande Jatte (oil on
canvas, 1884-1886)
 Seurat depicts people from all social classes enjoying a
popular place of leisure.
 He created the technique called “pointilism” which uses
tiny dots of color to paint.
 His work must be viewed from far away in order for
other colors to blend in together optically. This technique
was based on new ideas about science of color.
Georges Seurat, A dunday
on La Grande Jatte
Paul Gauguin: Where do
we Come From? What are
we? Where are we going?
(oil on canvas 1897-1898)
 This piece depicts Gauguins fascination with Tahitian
life and culture.
 It also represents the cycle of life from birth through old
age. This is very personal done prior to a suicide
attempt.
 Gauguin is known for his mastery of colors and the
motive power of his palette.
Paul Gauguin: Where do
we Come From? What are
we? Where are we going?
Van Gogh – The Night
Café (oil on canvas 1888)
 Van Gogh is well known for his prolific output as well as for
his ability to display his tortured inner world.
 His use of bold color, impasto, and swirling brushstrokes
made even the most mundane subject matter seen emotional.
 This piece depicts the interior of a Café in Arles, the large
gaslit room is typical of the time period.
 The few people in the room help create an atmosphere of
loneliness and desolation in the painting.
Van Gogh – The Night
Café
Paul Cezanne . The Basket
of Apples (oil on canvas
1895)
 Cezanne focused on traditional themes such as
portraits, still life and landscapes.
 He explored the underlying shapes of objects as
well as the use of color, rather than value to
create form.
 He deliberately made some areas flat and used
disjointed perspective.
 Cezannes work was inspirational to Pablo
Picasso and the abstract art of the 20th century.
Cezanne
Van Gogh- Starry Night
(oil on canvas)
Van Gogh shows the whirling
and exploding stars, the earth
and humanity huddling beneath
it.
Cezanne,
Mount Sainte
Victoire
Cezanne replaced the
transitory visual effects
of changing atmospheric
conditions that occupied
the Impressionists
Edgar Degas, The
Rehearsal on Stage, 1874
Oil on Canvas
 Worked mostly indoors on subjects that suggest
movement, such as ballet dancers
 Asymmetrical compositions
 Firmly drawn bodies contrast with feathery
brushstrokes of costuming, setting
 Influence of Japanese prints in compositional elements
 Figures often seen from the back, cut off at the edges of
the composition, or marginalized
Edgar Degas, The
Rehearsal on Stage, 1874
Edouard Manet, Bar at the Folies
Bergere, 1881-1882, oil on canvas
 Faraway look of barmaid who seems bored by her customer
 Mirror reflects into our world
 Uncertainty as to what the mirror reflects
 Trapeze act in far upper left corner
 Composition pushes goods up close to customer
Edouard Manet, Bar at
the Folies Bergere,
James Whistler, Arrangement in Grey
and Black: The Artist’s Mother, 1871,
oil on canvas
 Debt to Japanese art in curtain design
 Large areas of flat colors
 Severity of composition, reflects the Protestant New
England severity of his mother
 Avoids the sentimentality of motherhood, and instead
creates this portrait as an “arrangement”
 Whistler etching of “Black Lion Wharf” hanging in the
background
James Whistler, Arrangement in
Grey and Black: The Artist’s Mother

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Impressionism & Post-Impressionism Art History

  • 2.  THE IMPRESSIONISTS ORGANIZED THEIR FIRST EXHIBIT IN 1874 IN PARIS, USING THE NAME: ANONYMOUS SOCIETY OF PAINTERS, SCULPTORS, PRINTMAKERS. EACH MEMBER HAD A UNIQUE STYLE IMPRESSIONISM OVERVIEW Claude Monet
  • 3.  Their depiction of modern life  Their rejection of established European styles  The embracing of new experimental ideas known as “avant garde”  The incorporation of new techniques such as short, choppy brushstrokes, using pure bright colors.  New synthetic pigments and ready made paint solid in tubes  Interested in painting “plain air”, landscaping ARTISTS WERE UNITED
  • 4.  In 1853, after more than 200 years, Japanese ports reopened to trade with west  Woodcut prints by Japanese masters of the ukiyo-e tradition, as well as other exotic objects such as fans and kimonos, became easily available in Europe.  The Japanese prints and items had a large effect on the artwork of many impressionists as well as post- impressionists. Japonisme : the Japanese influence on European art during impressionism
  • 5. Van Gogh – Japonisme - impressionism
  • 6.  Van Gogh like many other impressionists and post impressionists artists was one of the admirers of Japanese art. Le Japonaise by Claude Monet
  • 7. Flowering Plum Tree by Van Gogh 1887 (Hiroshige on the Left)
  • 8. Key impressionists artists Claude Monet Edgar Degas Pierre Renoir Camille PissarroPaul Cezanne Van Gogh
  • 9. Claude Monet, Rouen Cathedral: The Portal 1892 • This one of 30 paintings that Monet completed using the same composition. • Each one captures a unique tme of the day, year and weather. • Monet was recording his experiences with light and its effect on local color. • He was well known for his other series of paintings using subjects as haystacks and water lilies
  • 10. Auguste-Renoir : Luncheon of the Boating Party oil on canvas 1880 • In this artwork, the changing character of 19th century French society is evident. Businessmen, aristocrats, artists, were all welcome in the same establishments. • Although the scene appears to be spontaneous, Renoir carefully crafted the composition to achieve this effect.
  • 11. Gustave Caillebotte – Paris: A rainy Day oil on Canvas 1877
  • 12.  In this piece, Caillebotte captures the changes that Paris underwent in 1851 under the rule of Napoleon III.  Bron Haussman, prefect of Paris, transformed the medieval city into a modern one. Old buildings were torn down and boulevards were widened.  The cropping of the composition is evidence of the influence of the new medium of photography.  Caillebotte included the Gare Saint Lazare Train Station in the background which was new at that time. Paris: A Rainy Day by Caillebotte in 1877
  • 13. Edgar Degas – The Tub (pastel on paper 1885)
  • 14.  The influence of Japanese woodcut prints can be seen in the use of an elevated viewpoint, the semiabstract areas of the composition, and the simple everyday subject matter.  Although Degas was not interested in the effects of light or in landscape painting, his style is similar to that of impressionists.  Degas was the first artist to elevate pastel to a medium used for finished work rather than just for sketches. Degas – The Tub 1885- 1886
  • 15. Mary Cassatt – The Bath, oil on canvas 1893
  • 16.  Cassatt was the only American to exhibit with the impressionists  She did many artworks that depict children being cared for by their mothers. These reflect new ideas about raising children. After 1870, French scientists and physicians encouraged mothers to care for their children themselves and to include regular bathing to their routine.  She liked depiction of common elements in women´s lives found among the floating world of Japanese prints.  The elevated viewpoint and simplified color and patterns are evidence of her respect for the Japanese style. Cassatt – The Bath (oil on canvas 1893)
  • 18.  Post-Impressionism in Western painting, movement in France that represented both an extension of Impressionism and a rejection of that style’s inherent limitations. The term Post-Impressionism was coined by the English art critic Roger Fry for the work of such late 19th-century painters as Paul Cézanne, Georges Seurat, Paul Gauguin, Vincent van Gogh, Henri de Toulouse-Lautrec, and others.  . Impressionism was based, in its strictest sense, on the objective recording of nature in terms of the fugitive effects of colour and light. The Post-Impressionists rejected this limited aim in favour of more ambitious expression, admitting their debt, however, to the pure, brilliant colours of Impressionism, its freedom from traditional subject matter, and its technique of defining form with short brushstrokes of broken colour. The work of these painters formed a basis for several contemporary trends and for early 20th-century modernism. POST IMPRESSIONISM
  • 19. Henri de Toulouse – At the Moulin Rouge (oil on Canvas 1892)
  • 20.  This is a depiction of the one of Toulouse Lautrec´s favorite nightspots in Paris  Toulouse depicted himself and his cousin in the background and painted his friends as well.  His work is very personal and emotional and often contains sarcastic edge.  He often incorporated the harsh indoor lighting of the clubs and cafes that he frequented.  The style of the work is influenced by Japanese woodcuts in the use of exaggerated color, the caricature like subjects, the use of outlines, and the mask life faces. Toulouse – At the Moulin Rouge, 1892-1895
  • 21. Georges Seurat, A Sunday on La Grande Jatte (oil on canvas, 1884-1886)
  • 22.  Seurat depicts people from all social classes enjoying a popular place of leisure.  He created the technique called “pointilism” which uses tiny dots of color to paint.  His work must be viewed from far away in order for other colors to blend in together optically. This technique was based on new ideas about science of color. Georges Seurat, A dunday on La Grande Jatte
  • 23. Paul Gauguin: Where do we Come From? What are we? Where are we going? (oil on canvas 1897-1898)
  • 24.  This piece depicts Gauguins fascination with Tahitian life and culture.  It also represents the cycle of life from birth through old age. This is very personal done prior to a suicide attempt.  Gauguin is known for his mastery of colors and the motive power of his palette. Paul Gauguin: Where do we Come From? What are we? Where are we going?
  • 25. Van Gogh – The Night Café (oil on canvas 1888)
  • 26.  Van Gogh is well known for his prolific output as well as for his ability to display his tortured inner world.  His use of bold color, impasto, and swirling brushstrokes made even the most mundane subject matter seen emotional.  This piece depicts the interior of a Café in Arles, the large gaslit room is typical of the time period.  The few people in the room help create an atmosphere of loneliness and desolation in the painting. Van Gogh – The Night Café
  • 27. Paul Cezanne . The Basket of Apples (oil on canvas 1895)
  • 28.  Cezanne focused on traditional themes such as portraits, still life and landscapes.  He explored the underlying shapes of objects as well as the use of color, rather than value to create form.  He deliberately made some areas flat and used disjointed perspective.  Cezannes work was inspirational to Pablo Picasso and the abstract art of the 20th century. Cezanne
  • 29. Van Gogh- Starry Night (oil on canvas) Van Gogh shows the whirling and exploding stars, the earth and humanity huddling beneath it.
  • 30. Cezanne, Mount Sainte Victoire Cezanne replaced the transitory visual effects of changing atmospheric conditions that occupied the Impressionists
  • 31. Edgar Degas, The Rehearsal on Stage, 1874 Oil on Canvas
  • 32.  Worked mostly indoors on subjects that suggest movement, such as ballet dancers  Asymmetrical compositions  Firmly drawn bodies contrast with feathery brushstrokes of costuming, setting  Influence of Japanese prints in compositional elements  Figures often seen from the back, cut off at the edges of the composition, or marginalized Edgar Degas, The Rehearsal on Stage, 1874
  • 33. Edouard Manet, Bar at the Folies Bergere, 1881-1882, oil on canvas
  • 34.  Faraway look of barmaid who seems bored by her customer  Mirror reflects into our world  Uncertainty as to what the mirror reflects  Trapeze act in far upper left corner  Composition pushes goods up close to customer Edouard Manet, Bar at the Folies Bergere,
  • 35. James Whistler, Arrangement in Grey and Black: The Artist’s Mother, 1871, oil on canvas
  • 36.  Debt to Japanese art in curtain design  Large areas of flat colors  Severity of composition, reflects the Protestant New England severity of his mother  Avoids the sentimentality of motherhood, and instead creates this portrait as an “arrangement”  Whistler etching of “Black Lion Wharf” hanging in the background James Whistler, Arrangement in Grey and Black: The Artist’s Mother