This ppt was made to bring to light the different products of sericulture other than that in the textile industry. It describes how the byproducts like silkworm feces, pupa, larvae, eggs, etc. are used in production processes of different industries like medicine, cosmetics, fertilizer, feed, etc.

1. THE BYPRODUCT OF
SERICULTURE IN
DIFFERENT
INDUSTRIES

2. • In this essay, we explore the diverse ways in which sericulture
contributes to the biotechnology industry, unlocking new possibilities
for healthcare, sustainability, and technological innovation.
• Sericulture, the age-old practice of silk production through the domestication of silkworms, has been done for
its cultural significance and economic value.
• Beyond its traditional role in textile manufacturing, sericulture has found a prominent place in the realm of
biotechnology industries.
• The intricate biology of silkworms and the unique properties of silk protein offer a rich source for innovative
biotechnology applications.
• From tissue engineering to drug delivery systems, from environment
remediation to medicinal diagnostics, sericulture provides a versatile
platform for the development of advanced biotechnological solutions.

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5. SILK WORM AS FOOD PRODUCT
 Among the edible insects, silkworm larvae and pupae are one of the emerging insect-based
nutritious food sources with high proteins, oils, polyphenols, and vitamins.
 During its life cycle, the silkworm goes through four developmental stages: egg, larva, pupa,
and adult. Pupae, the third developmental stage of this insect, are rich in nutrients and
serve as a valuable source of protein.

6.  Why silkworm as alternative food
source option
 INCREASED POPULATION
 In the current scenario, it is estimated that by 2050, there will be an additional 2.5 billion
people and a 70% increase in food demand. Crop yields are not increasing fast enough to
support global needs, and world agriculture is facing several serious challenges. Therefore,
insects can be a nutritious alternative to meet the ever-increasing food demand in the
present and future.
 The majority of insect consumption occurs in developing countries, with approximately
1,900 insect species consumed worldwide.
 GLOBAL WARMING
 Food and feed derived from them are of high quality, have a high feed conversion ratio, and
emit a low level of greenhouse gases.

7.  HIGH NUTRITIVE AND MEDICINAL VALUE
Among insects silkworms are beneficial to humans, not only because of their
high nutritional value, but also because of their several pharmacological
properties. Silkworm eggs, larvae, and pupae contains high amount of
proteins, oils, minerals, vitamins, and several other beneficial components
which are nutritious as well as have positive effect on human health.
silkworm pupae protect the liver, enhance immunity, inhibit apoptosis, inhibit
cancer, inhibit tumor growth, inhibit microbial growth, regulate blood glucose
and blood lipids, and lower blood pressure.
 ALTERNATE SOURCE OF MEAT AND POULTRY PRODUCT
The prevalence of livestock diseases and the emergence of novel, frequently
antibiotic-resistant diseases are two additional effects of high-density animal
production systems. The worldwide population loses billions of dollars each
year due to infectious illnesses that affect cattle

8. Silkworm eggs
The silkworm eggs contain three main types of glycoproteins namely vitellin, 30 kDa protein, and egg-specific
protein (ESP)
Several additional proteins, including enzymes, proteases, and inhibitors of proteases, were also discovered in
the eggs
A silkworm egg contains 56% albumin, 19.2% fat, and 7.7% sugar
The silkworm eggs contain high amount of protein and vitamins B1,
B2.
Consumption of silkworm eggs increases the male sexual power
Silkworm eggs are said to cause heavy drinkers to stop
drinking alcohol completely if they eat them (Popular
tradition, India).

9. Silkworm larvae
It is estimated that 100 grams of the larvae of Bombyx mori consist of 54% protein,
8% fat, 6% fiber, and 6% ash, as well as 390 kcal of energy
larvae are fed to younger animals, including reptiles, as a nutritional supplement
Humans can readily digest and absorb silkworm powder.
Silkworm has traditionally been used as a diabetic treatment in oriental nations
such as China, Korea, and Japan, and several studies have recently proven the
silkworm’s blood glucose-lowering impact.

10.  Silkworm pupae compositions
Silkworm pupae contain a wide range of nutrients
• Proteins in silkworm pupae
Bombyx mori has the highest protein content in silkworm pupae (55.6% dry
weight) and is the most prevalent dry matter
• Minerals in silkworm pupae
There are nearly 25 different types of minerals, each of which plays a different
key role in different physiological functions in organisms
Silkworm pupae are rich in minerals like phosphorus, iron, calcium, zinc,
manganese, and chromium as compared to hens’ eggs.
• Oil in silkworm pupae
Oil is the second most abundant component in silkworm pupae after protein

11. Among the four species of silkworm pupae, eri silkworm pupae have the highest oil content, at 26.2%
tasar silkworm pupae oil contains the highest amount of unsaturated fatty acids among all silkworm pupae
oils.
• Silkworm pupae as a nutritious animal feed
Silkworm waste pupae or SWP, are a rich source of nutrients for livestock and poultry.
Silk waste and pupae are used in fish and poultry feed
The cost of dried pupae increased to INR 13–15 per kg from INR 2–3 due to the hybrid magur fish’s greatly
improved growth, which brought in 4–5 times more profit

13. • Silkworm pupae as a nutritious and delicious human food
 As a delectable human food, silkworm pupae are used in various Asian nations like Thailand, Korea,
India, China, and Japan
 Silkworm pupae have been discovered to boost lactating ability in tribal women and are superior to soya
beans, salmon, or beef in terms of protein content.
 Pectin, a byproduct of silkworm pupae, was used to thicken ice cream, jam, candy, jelly, and fruit
juices
 In China, Japan, Hong Kong, and Korea healthy silkworm pupae are sterilized, vacuum-dried, and sold as
commercial food products, whereas cocoon Palade powder was utilized in sauces and soups
 Recent research has proved that silkworm meal can meet astronauts’ nutritional needs for long-term
space missions due to its great quality of protein content, proper quantities of amino acids, unsaturated
fatty acids, and other necessary dietary components for humans

14.  Silkworm-based food and medicine safety
evaluation
Silkworms are often safer for consumption than other well-known high-protein foods like shrimp and fish
Concerns about safety are raised with regard to both toxicological safety and allergic reactivity. Transgenic
silkworms were used in a 28-day feeding trial on rats to test subacute toxicity. Since the study found no
negative reactions or fatalities in rats fed with the transgenic silkworms, it demonstrated that these insects
were toxicologically safe, at least for rats to consume
Overall, silkworms are safe to eat or use as medicine. In spite of the fact that allergic reactions can be
triggered by allergens in silkworms, a variety of methods can be used to reduce or destroy them.
 The laws and regulations concerning silkworm as edible insects
New EU food legislation has made it feasible to legalize the use of edible insects in Europe. However, it’s critical
to consider both the producer’s and the consumer’s safety . To encourage the growth and use of these products,
more detailed and accurate regulations are needed to monitor the production and consumption of insect food
products similar to silkworm larvae and pupae.

15. The constituents of silkworms, the
mechanisms through which they serve
as functional diets and therapeutics
are emphasized, and the prospects of
silkworm pupae as a nutritional
supplement and a medication for the
treatment of various diseases are
shown in this review. The fact that
silkworm larvae and pupae are highly
nutritious and can be raised in huge
quantities swiftly is one of their key
advantages

16. Sericulture by-product as
medicinal uses
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18. Improve Renal “Anemia” (condition
where body produces less erythropoietin)
Treat Rheumatic Pain (joint stiffness and
soreness)
Treat Blood Deficiency
Contains Solanesol, precursor of many
cardiac drugs

22. According to the research, the silkworm has the
greatest potential to drop blood sugar when it is
prepared on the third day of the fifth instar,
created using the freezing-dry method, and taken
as powder.
• Ryu K, Lee H, Choue R. An activity of
lowering blood-glucose levels according to
preparative condition of silkworm power.
• Humans can readily digest and absorb
silkworm powder. It can also improve the
physiological activities of the
gastrointestinal tract.
• Cramps, bloating, and other illnesses can
be treated using dehydrated silkworm
larvae that were killed by the white
muscardine disease.

24. • The growth of
a Staphylococcus
sciuri strain, CD97 was
strongly suppressed by
silkworm pupa oil when its
antibacterial activity was tested
using the minimum inhibitory
concentration (MIC) technique.
• The antibacterial and
antifungal efficacy of
silkworm pupae-derived
chitosan was superior to
that of commercially
available chitosan, with the
quickest bacterial
suppression occurring at 1–
2 h.

25. ZYQ 300
tablets
• to treat autoimmune
conditions such as
Rheumatoid Arthritis.
• slows disease progression and
relieves pain.
• swelling and redness.

26. Ethicon Mersilk Suture
Reels
• used in wide range of
surgical procedures
including general
surgery, plastic surgery,
etc.
• used for wound closure,
tissue approximation.

27. Serrapeptase
• relieves pain and inflammation.
• reduces the chances of cardiovascular disease.
• helps in faster recovery.
• helps in treating cold and sore throat.
• Treat bacterial infections.
• helps in treating Atherosclerosis.
• tooth extraction and surgeries.
• helps in treating fibrocystic breast disease

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SERICULTURE BY-PRODUCT IN BIOTECHNOLOGY INDUSTRIES-
Silkworm
Pupae
Silkworm
Haemolymph
Silkworm Silk
Proteins
Chitosan from
Silk Waste
Silk based gel

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SILKWORM PUPAE
 After the silk is harvested, the pupae are often discarded.
 However, silkworm pupae are rich in protein, fat, and other
nutrients, making them valuable for various applications.
 In biotechnology, silkworm pupae can be used as a source of
bioactive compounds, such as antimicrobial peptides, which have
potential applications in medicine and agriculture.
 One notable product derived from silkworm pupae that is used in
biotechnology industries is called "Bombyx mori pupal powder."

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BOMBYX MORI PUPAL POWDER
The nutritional content of
Silkworm pupae (Bombyx mori)
per 100g dried sample-
Protein 55g
Fat 8.5g
Fiber 6g
Carbohydrates 25.43g
Energy content – 389.60
(Kcal/100g)
The percentages of total protein
and lipid contents by dry weight
were 55.6 and 32.2%,
respectively. Silkworm pupae
protein had high levels of
essential amino acids such as
valine, methionine, and
phenylalanine.
Source: Nutritional composition and safety aspects of edible insects

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Silkworm Haemolymph
Biopharmaceutical
Production: Silkworm
hemolymph serves as a host
for the production of
recombinant proteins and
biopharmaceuticals This
system offers advantages
such as post-translational
modifications and proper
protein folding, making it
valuable for the production of
complex therapeutic proteins
like antibodies, growth
factors, and enzymes.
Vaccine Production: Silkworm
hemolymph is used in the
production of certain
vaccines. Recombinant
proteins or antigens can be
expressed in silkworms and
collected from their
hemolymph. These antigens
can then be formulated into
vaccines for diseases such as
influenza, hepatitis, and
human papillomavirus (HPV).
Bioremediation: Silkworm
hemolymph contains
enzymes and proteins that
can degrade pollutants and
toxins. Bioremediation
processes utilize these
bioactive molecules to clean
up environmental
contaminants, such as heavy
metals and organic
pollutants, contributing to
environmental sustainability
and pollution control efforts.

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Tufts researchers develop leather alternative from silk,
chitosan
In Boston, researchers at Tufts have created a 3D-
printed leather alternative using silk and various wastes.
By using silk, as well as cellulose from textile and
agricultural waste chitosan from shellfish waste, and all
the relatively gentle chemistries used to combine them.
The process mixes silk fibers with a plasticizer and
vegetable gum thickener. Chitosan—a seafood industry
waste—is added for hardness. The resulting material is
recyclable and biodegradable.
Chitosan

33. Chitosan-based materials in tissue engineering
1. Cartilage tissue engineering
2. Bone tissue engineering
3. Intervertebral disc tissue engineering
4. Blood vessel tissue engineering
5. Skin tissue engineering
6. Bone tissue fixation

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Silk based gel
Silk-based gel, also known as silk hydrogel or silk fibroin gel, is a
biomaterial derived from silk proteins, typically sourced from silkworm
cocoons.
Silk-based gels are formed through the sol-gel transition of silk fibroin,
wherein the silk proteins undergo a reversible transformation from a
liquid (sol) state to a gel state.
Silk-based super microporous cryogel matrices synthesized at IIT Kanpur
exploring their potential in cell-material interaction.
Composite silk-based biomaterial applied for soft and hard tissue
engineering applications.
Nano-silk sericin-based hydrogel
. prepare from silk industry waste

35. PRODUCTION OF PROTEIN
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Utilizing a natural viral infection forv silkworms,
we can leverage every cell in the body of the
silkworm (excluding the head and abnormal
cavity ) to rapidly produce structural complex
and biologically active protein.
Silkworm –n baculovirus expression system:
1. Universally recognized as a powerful and
versatile system
2. Alternative to protein expression in E.coli
yeast or other baculovirus expression
System.

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39. How Silk May Benefit
our Skin &hair

40. What Is Sericin?
How does the silk protein sericin work, and what exactly
is it? This involves learning a bit about insect science.
Sericin comes from a silkworm known as Bombyx mori, or
the mulberry silkworm. This silkworm produces sericin in
large amounts towards the end of its fifth larval instar,
which is a fancy name for the larval stage. This silk
protein has been used for centuries to make various
items.
Sericin from these silkworms combines with another
protein called fibroin filaments to form a cocoon. These
cocoons are harvested for their raw silk. The mulberry
silk fibers are then used to make various things,
including hair and skin care products. These silk proteins
are also used to make innovative products like Blissy Silk
Pillowcases.

42. Fibroni-
Fibroin is an insoluble protein found in silk
produced by silkworms, such as the larvae
of Bombyx mori and other moth genera. In
raw silk, fibroin is the main structural
component, providing mechanical strength,
while sericin forms a glue-like coating
around the fibroin filaments. Silk fibroin is
composed of glycine, alanine, and serine in
varying proportions. It is a significant
component of silkworm cocoons and has
applications in both the textile industry and
biochemical research due to its unique
properties, such as biocompatibility,
elasticity, and biodegradability.
SEROCIN-
Sericin is a protein produced by silkworms,
specifically Bombyx mori, during the
formation of their cocoons. It serves as a
glue-like substance that binds and coats the
fibroin fibers, providing stability and
toughness to the silk. Sericin constitutes
20-30% of the silk fiber and has been found
to possess various beneficial
characteristics, such as high water
retention, good wound healing, and good
cyto-compatibility. In recent years, sericin
has gained attention for its potential
applications in biomedical and
pharmaceutical fields.

46. Tatcha The Silk Peony Melting Eye Cream
In addition to Tatcha's signature "liquid silk" — also
known as hydrolyzed silk — this melty, moisturizing
eye cream also includes the brand's Hadasei-3 complex
of fermented Japanese superfoods like rice and
mozuku, as well as Japanese white peony extract to
fortify the skin's barrier and lock in hydration. It blurs
the look of lines and plays beautifully with any makeup
you might add on top.
$60
Silk Therapeutics Refresh Facial Cleanser
Silk — specifically in the form of soluble fibroin —
is included in this noticeably hydrating cleanser to
help smooth skin as it's cleansed. It gets a hand
from balancing olive oil, hydrating glycerin, and a
bevy of nourishing fatty acids so skin never feels
stripped once the cleanser is rinsed away.
$36

47. Dermalogica Active Moist
Ideal for anyone who prefers a light
lotion over a rich cream for their daily
moisturizer, Dermalogica Active Moist
combines botanical extracts with silk
amino acids to give skin a smooth,
hydrated feel without pore-clogging oils.
$42
Eighteen B Firm + Replenish Serum
Eighteen B says its silk protein, which it calls B-
Silk, replenishes skin's all-important barrier. That
lets it hold in the moisture and hydration provided
by the lightweight
formula's ceramides, squalane, and amino acids,
all without a smothering feeling.
$105

48. Dr. Dennis Gross Ferulic + Retinol
Fortifying Neck Emulsion
Made specifically for the skin under the
chin and jawline, this emulsion teams
up a silk peptide with antioxidant ferulic
acid and smoothing retinol to help
encourage more firmness and contour
in and often-ignored area.
$75
Peter Thomas Roth Water Drench
Hyaluronic Cloud Serum
This serum is a whopping 75
percent hyaluronic acid, but that
still leaves a little room for
water-soluble silk proteins. PTR
promises they they'll give skin a
soft, smooth feel — the icing atop
a very hydrated cake.
$65
Alpha-H Liquid Gold Exfoliating
Treatment
Silk may be touted as a skin
smoother, but it's the glycolic
acid in this exfoliating liquid
that does most of the
retexturizing work. The silk
protein is included as a means
of binding moisture and giving
skin a firmer look and feel.

49. Use of Sericulture By-Products in the Agri Sector:
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Silkworm excrement as
organic fertilizer
Silkworm silk fibroin
for seed coating
Silk cocoon shells for
mulching
Silk protein as a
biopesticide
Silk by-products as
livestock feed

50. Silkworm excrement as organic fertilizer
9
Silkworms produce a considerable amount
of excrement called "frass" during the
cocooning process. This frass is rich in
nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium,
making it an excellent organic fertilizer. It
enhances soil fertility and improves crop
yield when used appropriately

51. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9064968/table/Tab1/?report=objectonly

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Silk protein as a biopesticide
Silk contains proteins like sericin, which possess
insecticidal properties. These proteins can be
extracted and formulated into biopesticides to
control pests in agriculture.
Biopesticides derived from silk proteins are eco-
friendly alternatives to chemical pesticides,
reducing environmental pollution and health
hazards

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Silk by-products as livestock feed
Silkworm pupae, which are left over after
silk extraction, can serve as a high-protein
feed supplement for livestock such as
poultry and fish.
Silkworm pupae are rich in essential
amino acids, vitamins, and minerals,
making them a nutritious feed ingredient
that promotes animal growth and health.

54. SILKWORM PUPAE MEAL (SWP) IS A PROTEIN-RICH BY-PRODUCT OF THE SILK REELING INDUSTRY, AVAILABLE IN A
SIGNIFICANT QUANTITY. HOWEVER, THERE HAS BEEN LITTLE AND INSIGNIFICANT
RESEARCH INTO THE USE OF SWP IN RUMINANTS TO DATE.
IN THIS VIEW, THE PRESENT STUDY WAS CONDUCTED IN TWO PHASES TO EVALUATE THE EFFECT OF DIFFERENT
INCLUSION LEVELS OF DEFATTED SILKWORM PUPAE MEAL (DSWP) ON RUMEN FERMENTATION
DEFATTED SILKWORM PUPAL MEAL IS A BY-PRODUCT OF THE SILK INDUSTRY, SPECIFICALLY FROM THE PUPAE OF
SILKWORMS. IT IS OBTAINED AFTER THE EXTRACTION OF FAT FROM THE PUPAE, LEAVING BEHIND A PROTEIN-RICH MEAL.
THIS MEAL IS USED AS A NUTRITIONAL SUPPLEMENT AND FEED INGREDIENT IN ANIMAL DIETS, PARTICULARLY FOR
MONOGASTRIC SPECIES LIKE POULTRY, PIGS, AND FISH, AS WELL AS FOR RUMINANTS. IT IS A VALUABLE SOURCE OF
PROTEIN WITH A HIGH UNDEGRADABLE PROTEIN CONTENT AND A FAVORABLE AMINO ACID PROFILE.
THE RESULTS OF THE STUDY INDICATED THAT DSWP CAN BE INCORPORATED INTO THE RATION OF CATTLE UP TO 30% BY
REPLACING SBM WITHOUT AFFECTING RUMEN FERMENTATION PATTERN AND NUTRIENT UTILIZATION.
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Silk cocoon shells for mulching
After silk extraction, the empty cocoons can be crushed into
small pieces and used as mulch in agricultural fields.
Cocoon shells provide insulation to the soil, regulate soil
temperature, conserve moisture, suppress weed growth, and
enhance soil structure.
They gradually decompose, enriching the soil with nutrients
and improving its fertility.

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Silkworm silk fibroin for seed coating
Silk uses has also been investigated as a crop booster. Silk fibronin
in combination with sugar additive trehalose develops seed coating
that boosts seed germination and mitigates abiotic stressors by
encapsulating, preserving, and releasing biofertilizer in the soil.
Benedetto Marelli and his team at the Massachusetts Institute of
Technology developed a seed coating made from silk fibroin, a
material extracted from silkworm (Bombyx mori) cocoons, and
trehalose, a sugar

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Trehalose has been identified
as an osmoprotectant and
signaling molecule controlling
various processes ranging from
seed development and
germination to guard cell
movement and overall plant
growth
The second component of the
newly designed coating is called
“Silk Coating”. Its ability to
promote growth and response
to several stressful conditions
such as high external
osmolarity, low oxygen
concentrations, or desiccation
Two components for seed coating-

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Conclusion-
By repurposing silk by-products across different industries, we not only
minimize waste generation but also create value-added opportunities, driving
innovation and sustainability forward. Embracing the circular economy
principles, the utilization of silk by-products exemplifies how nature's
resources can be efficiently utilized to meet diverse societal needs while
minimizing environmental impact.
In essence, silk by-products represent a sustainable solution with
multifaceted benefits, demonstrating the potential of sericulture waste to
positively impact various sectors and foster a more resource-efficient future.

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Reference-
1. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8366584/
2. https://www.foodnavigator.com/Article/2022/01/05/Silk-
lauded-as-future-solution-in-food-waste-and-preserv
3. https://www.theonion.com/silk-introduces-new-milk-
alternative-made-from-blended-1849492376
4. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9978502/
5. List of Top 5 Seri Products (and their uses) (notesonzoology.com)
6. 6-5-73-176.pdf (phytojournal.com)

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By –
Ayon Saha
Romy bora
Nihar Ranjan sarkar
Shobhayan kirtania