Noun

1. LECTURE #1
Nouns

2. Noun
 A noun is known as the part of speech that is used to
name a person, place, a thing, or an idea.
 or
 A noun is a part of speech that serves as a subject or
object. More generally, we think of a noun as a person,
place, thing, quality, or action.
Examples:
 Persons: teacher, Paris Hilton, mother
 Places: school, Johnson City, mall
 Things: lamp, book, desk
 Ideas: love, courage, freedom

3. kinds of Noun
1. Proper nouns name a particular person, place,
thing, or idea and begin with a capital letter.
 Examples:
 Person: George Washington
 Place: United States of America
 Ideas: Christianity
 __________________(your example)

4. 2. Common nouns name any one of a group of
persons, places, things, ideas and is generally not
capitalized.
 Examples:
 Person: president
 Place: country
 Thing: movie
 Ideas: religion
 _________________ (your example)

5. 3. Abstract nouns name an idea, a feeling, a quality,
or a characteristic.
 Examples:
 love
 fun
 wisdom
 hate
 _________________ (your example)

6. 4. A collective noun is a word that names a group.
 Examples:
 alumni
 faculty
 committee
 team
 _________________ (your example)

7. 5. Material noun
 Material noun ,can be defined as Material Noun are names of
materials or substances out of which things are made.
 Ex: gold,
 iron,
 silver ,
 food
 ,oil
 , tea
 ,cotton
 ,rubber,
 cement cheese etc

8. 6. Compound nouns are formed by joining two
simple nouns together.
 Examples:
 boy + friend= boyfriend
 ice + land= Iceland
 brother + in + law= brother-in-law
 grass + hopper= grasshopper
 _______________ (your example)

9. Singular and Plural Nouns
 When a noun means one only, it is singular.
Examples: boy, girl, book, church, box
Rule #1: The plural of nouns is usually formed by adding
s to a singular noun.
Examples: lamp, lamps; cat, cats; flower, flowers;
pen, pens

10. Singular and Plural Nouns
Rule #2:
Nouns ending in s, z, x, sh, and ch form the plural
by adding es.
Examples: moss, mosses; dish, dishes;
church, churches; box, boxes

11. Singular and Plural Nouns
Tell if the following nouns are singular (s) or plural
(p)
box owner trees
chair chairs tables
lamps wagons star
ax houses bush
sketch pencils days

12. Singular and Plural Nouns
Rule #3:
Nouns ending in y preceded by a consonant are
formed into a plural by changing y to ies.
Examples: lady, ladies; city, cities; army, armies

13. Singular and Plural Nouns
Write the plural of the following words:
baby story berry
lady duty theory
city cherry pony

14. Singular and Plural Nouns
Rule #4
Nouns ending in y preceded by a vowel form
their plurals by adding s.
Examples: boy, boys; day, days

15. Singular and Plural Nouns
Write the plural of the following words:
day essay turkey
toy valley chimney

16. Singular and Plural Nouns
Rule #5:
Most nouns ending in o preceded by a consonant are
formed into a plural by adding es.
Examples: hero, heroes
Although some may add s or es.
Examples: halo, tornado
and some add s only:
Examples: solo, piano, albino, lasso

17. Singular and Plural Nouns
Rule #6
Some nouns ending in f or fe are made plural by
changing f or fe to ves.
Examples: leaf, leaves; wife, wives; half, halves; life,
lives

18. Singular and Plural Nouns
Rule #6, Cont’d.
Exceptions: Some nouns ending in f or fe form their
plurals by adding s.
Examples: chief, chiefs; roof, roofs; safe, safes

19. Singular and Plural Nouns
 Special Note:
 There are some irregular plurals such as:
man, men
woman, women
ox, oxen
mouse, mice
Your Example:

20. Singular and Plural Nouns
 Special Note: If compound nouns are plural, form the
plural with the first word.
Examples:
Singular Plural
son-in-law sons-in-law
daughter-in-law daughters-in-law
maid of honor maids of honor
secretary of state secretaries of state

21. Synonyms
 Def: It is defined as one of two or more words or
expressions of the same language that have the
same or nearly the same meaning in some or all
senses

22.  Abstract
 to accomplish
 To admit
 Almost
 To answer
 Anyway
 To arrive
 To beat
 To begin
 Summary
 to achieve
 To confess
 Nearly
 To reply
 Besides
 To reach
 To defeat
 To start

23.  To behave
 Bid
 Branch
 Brave
 Business
 To collect
 Completely
 Conflict
 Constant
 To act
 tender
 Department
 Courageous
 Commerce ,trade
 To gather
 Totally
 Clash ,dispute
 Fixed