1. RESEARCH
PROCESS
Presented by: Cherry Goyal

2. RESEARCH
Research can be defined as the search for knowledge,
or as any systematic investigation, with an open mind,
to establish novel facts, solve new or existing problems,
prove new ideas, or develop new theories. The primary
purposes of basic research (as opposed to applied
research) documentation, discovery, interpretation, or
the research and development of methods and systems
for the advancement of human knowledge.
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3. Research Process
• A Research process consists of series of actions or steps
necessary to effectively carry out research and the desired
sequencing of these steps.
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4. The Research Process
• to produce new knowledge, or to offer a new manner of
understanding present knowledge
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5. METHODS OF RESEARCH
1. The Scientific Method
This method involves techniques for
 investigating phenomena
 acquiring knowledge
 correcting and integrating previous knowledge
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6. METHODS OF RESEARCH
CONT…
2. Historical Method
 It involves techniques and guidelines by which historians
use primary sources and other evidence to research and
then to write history
 This approach may also be used with artistic project
development
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7. RESEARCH SOURCES
Research Sources are mainly of two types –
1. Primary Research –
 It includes collection of data not previously existent
 Examples are Interviews ,Surveys ,Speeches or
performances
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8. RESEARCH SOURCES CONT…
2. Secondary Research –
 It includes summary, collation
 Examples are Books, Journals and
magazines,Electronics
 Database – library,
 Internet - primarily .org, .edu, .gov
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9. The Research Process
Establish the Need for Research
It is beneficial for one who is preparing himself for a career of
carrying out research.
We can use the knowledge of research methodology as it is helpful
in various fields such as government or business administration,
community development and social work where persons are
increasingly called upon to evaluate and use research results for
action.
When one knows how research is done, then one may have the
satisfaction of acquiring a new intellectual tool which can become
a way of looking at the world.
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10. The Research Process
A research journey there are two important decisions to make-
1) What you want to find out about
or what research questions you want to find answers to;
2) How to go about finding their answers.
There are practical steps through which you must pass in your
research journey in order to find answers to your research
questions.
 The path to finding answers to your research questions
constitutes research methodology.
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11. RESEARCH PROCESSING….
Examine a social
Asking the relationship, study the Formulating the
Research Question relevant literature Hypotheses
Contribute Develop a
new research
evidence to THEORY design
literature
and begin
again
Evaluating the Analyzing Collecting
Data
Hypotheses Data 11

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13. The Research Process
Step One: Define the Problem
• The research process begins with the recognition of a
problem or opportunity.
• At the very outset the researcher must single out the problem
he wants to study, i.e to decide area of interest.
• There are two steps involved in research process :
 Understanding the problem thoroughly
 And rephrasing the same into meaningful terms from an
analytical point of view
 The best way of understanding the problem is to discuss
it with one’s own colleagues or with those having the
same expertise in the matter.
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14. The Research Process Cont…
STEP2:EXTENSIVE LITERATURE SURVEY
It is necessary for the researcher to conduct an extensive
survey connected with the problem.
For this purpose –
Manuals
Company Records
journals ,published data can be used.
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15. THE RESEARCH PROCESS
Step two Cont…
 -Literature review is integral part of entire research
process and makes valuable
 contribution to every operational step.
 -Reviewing literature can be time-consuming, daunting
and frustrating, but is also rewarding. Its functions are:
 a. Bring clarity and focus to your research problem;
 b. Improve your methodology;
 c. Broaden your knowledge;
 d. Contextualise your findings.
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16. Step Three: Formulation the objective
Objectives are the goals you set out to attain in your
study.
They inform a reader what you want to attain through the
study.
It is extremely important to word them clearly and
specifically.
Objectives should be listed under two headings:
a) main objectives ( aims);
b) sub-objectives.
• The main objective is an overall statement of the thrust
of your study.
It is also a statement of the main associations and
relationships that you seek to discover or establish.
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17. The Research Process
Step Four: Determine Research Design
Research Design step involves the development of a research plan
for carrying out the study.
– There are a number of alternative research designs. The
choice will largely depend on the research purpose.
Types Of Research Design
Descriptiv Causal
Exploratory
e
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18. DESCRIPTIVE STUDY
 Descriptive Studies are undertaken in organizations to learn
and describe the characteristics of a group of employees, as for
example, the age, education level, job status, and length of
service.
 Explortory studies are study of collection of data in informal
manner and unstructured
Casual Study
A causal study Is an inquiry to know the cause of one or
more problems. 18

19. RESEARCH DESIGN CONT…
Research Design -
 SAMPLE STUDY
 POPULATION SIZE
 SAMPLE SIZE
 DATA COLLECTION
The various tools of empowerment were identified through
questionnaire and interview.
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20. RESEARCH PROCESS CONT…
Step 5: Collecting The Data
Published data are available in:
 Publications of central, state and local newspapers
 Publication of foreign government or of international bodies
 Technical or trade journals
 Books, magazines and newspaper and Internet
 Public record and statistics, historical documents and sources of p
ublic information.
Methods of Data Collection
 Personal Interview
 Questionnaire
 Telephonic Interview 20

21. THE RESEARCH PROCESS
CONT…
Step6:Analysis Of Data
The Analyses of data can of two types:
 Quantitative analysis
 Qualitative analysis
Thus analysis of data require a number of closely
related operations such as establishment of categories, the
application of these categories into raw data through
tabulation, chart and then draw inferences. Analysis work is
based on the computation of various percentage, coefficient etc
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22. STEP 7: ANALYZE AND EVALUATE
THE INFORMATION
1. Relate the information you have found and
compiled, and your ideas from reading and
thinking about the information, to your topic.
2. Analyze your notes.
3.Break down your notes into topic themes or
categories decide how these themes or categories
relate to your topic and discard notes that do not
relate to your thesis
4. Look for holes in your thesis statement support
and go back to find information you are missing
5. Do you have enough information to complete
your research? If not, you may have to repeat
several of the previous steps and/or extend the 22
research process

23. The Research Process Cont…
Step9:Analysis And Interpretations
 Analysis and Interpretation are the central steps in the research
process. The goal of analysis is to summaries the collected data
in such a way that they provide answer to questions
that triggered while research. Interpretation is the research for
border, meaning of research finding
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24. The Research Process Cont…
Step 8: Execution of project
• Execution of the project is a very important step in the research
process.
• If the execution of the project proceeds on correct lines, the data
to be collected would be adequate and dependable.
• The researcher should see that the project is executed in a
systematic manner and in time.
• If the data should be made for proper coded.
• A careful watch and in order to keep the survey as much
realistic as possible.
• Accuracy is very necessary.
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25. THE MARKETING RESEARCH
PROCESS CONT…
Step 10: Prepare & Present the Final Research Report
 Findings are presented often by research ,objective should
be in clear and concise way
 It is a report that communicates properly and result to
clients
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26. CONCLUSION
 Good quality research requires a researcher to
follow scientific approach. Researcher must
follow scientific method in conducting literature
review, identifying research gaps, writing
problem statement & outlining research
questions and research objectives. Researcher
must carefully select among different research
designs, the selection of which depends on
specific research questions and the overall
objectives of the study. Decisions like choosing
among data collection methods and sampling
techniques require researcher to exercise logical 26
reasoning..

27. REFRENCES
 Dawson, Catherine, 2002, Practical Research Methods,
New Delhi, UBS
 Kothari, C.R.,1985, Research Methodology-Methods and
Techniques, New
 Kumar, Ranjit, 2005, Research Methodology
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