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The Blockchain and Kudos
A distributed system for educational
record, reputation and reward
Mike Sharples, Institute of Educational Technology
John Domingue, Knowledge Media Institute
The opportunity
To combine
trusted distributed records of educational
achievement
with
a system of tradeable educational
reputation to recognise and reward
intellectual achievement
to
open up education, while assuring quality
of achievement
The blockchain
3
data
prev: H( )
data
prev: H( )
data
prev: H( )
H( )
A public distributed linked list with hash pointers
A user can easily and quickly retrieve information from the list
The hash function verifies that the data hasn’t been changed
Core mechanism for Bitcoin transactions, but can be adapted for other uses
The blockchain
4
data
prev: H( )
data
prev: H( )
data
prev: H( )
H( )
Blockchain can contain Smart Contracts: computer code to carry out
transactions, such as sending an invoice
Smart Contract
Computer code
Computer code
Computer code
Educational blockchain
5
data
prev: H( )
data
prev: H( )
data
prev: H( )
H( )
Stores records of achievement
Public evidence of an award
Educational blockchain
6
data
prev: H( )
data
prev: H( )
data
prev: H( )
H( )
Mike Sharples
x x x
Stores records of achievement
Public evidence of an award
Once stored, these cannot be altered, even by the original issuer
Blockchain as proof of intellectual work
● Public blockchain for education
● Any person can lodge a public
record of a ‘big idea’
Such as an invention, academic paper, poem,
artwork
● Each big idea is identified with the
author(s) and time-stamped
● One or more people could add their
digital signatures to the record
● Permanent e-portfolio of intellectual
achievement, visible to anyone
● Crowd-sourced method of patenting
7
https://techcrunch.com/2016/03/14/blockai-launch/
Blockchain for intellectual currency
8
● Reputation has a tradeable value (e.g., Uber, AirBnB)
● Reputation is already traded among academics (e.g. H-index
of publication impact)
● Now imagine open trading of intellectual reputation
● Each recognized educational institution is given an initial
award of an intellectual currency (the Kudos)
Based on e.g. THE World Ranking, or H-index, or Amazon author rank
● Each institution allocates amounts of Kudos to employees it
wishes to recognise
● Each institution and person stores its fund of reputation in a
virtual ‘wallet’ on the educational blockchain
Trading in intellectual currency
● Educational institution awards small amounts of
Kudos to students who graduate
● Student may pay a tutor in Bitcoin currency, and
receive Kudos in return for passing a test or
completing a tutorial
● Any individual can post an item of note on the
educational Blockchain
e.g., idea, presentation, paper, story, poem, artwork
● People can associate Kudos with that item to
indicate its value
● Or can transfer small amounts of Kudos to the
author to boost author’s reputation
● Similar to Kickstarter, but with a currency of
reputation
● Amount of Kudos associated with a work or author
is an indication of their intellectual value 9
Reputation on iSpot
http://www.ispotnature.org/
OpenBlockchain
Blockchain-based e-portfolios, feedback and
accreditation
blockchain.open.ac.uk
10
Collaboration
with APPII
(appii.iio) on
trusted open
profiles and CVs
Adding
OpenLearn
badges and
course portfolios
onto to the
OpenBlockchain
What if?
● A single universal record of intellectual works and awards,
each associated with reputational credit
● Extends academic practices of reputation and review to
anyone
● Conversion rate between reputation and money?
● What is the value of scholarship?
● Do we want education to be (further) commodified?
● Marketplace for knowledge, or opening up education?
11

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Blockchain and Kudos - Educational record, reputation and reward

  • 1. The Blockchain and Kudos A distributed system for educational record, reputation and reward Mike Sharples, Institute of Educational Technology John Domingue, Knowledge Media Institute
  • 2. The opportunity To combine trusted distributed records of educational achievement with a system of tradeable educational reputation to recognise and reward intellectual achievement to open up education, while assuring quality of achievement
  • 3. The blockchain 3 data prev: H( ) data prev: H( ) data prev: H( ) H( ) A public distributed linked list with hash pointers A user can easily and quickly retrieve information from the list The hash function verifies that the data hasn’t been changed Core mechanism for Bitcoin transactions, but can be adapted for other uses
  • 4. The blockchain 4 data prev: H( ) data prev: H( ) data prev: H( ) H( ) Blockchain can contain Smart Contracts: computer code to carry out transactions, such as sending an invoice Smart Contract Computer code Computer code Computer code
  • 5. Educational blockchain 5 data prev: H( ) data prev: H( ) data prev: H( ) H( ) Stores records of achievement Public evidence of an award
  • 6. Educational blockchain 6 data prev: H( ) data prev: H( ) data prev: H( ) H( ) Mike Sharples x x x Stores records of achievement Public evidence of an award Once stored, these cannot be altered, even by the original issuer
  • 7. Blockchain as proof of intellectual work ● Public blockchain for education ● Any person can lodge a public record of a ‘big idea’ Such as an invention, academic paper, poem, artwork ● Each big idea is identified with the author(s) and time-stamped ● One or more people could add their digital signatures to the record ● Permanent e-portfolio of intellectual achievement, visible to anyone ● Crowd-sourced method of patenting 7 https://techcrunch.com/2016/03/14/blockai-launch/
  • 8. Blockchain for intellectual currency 8 ● Reputation has a tradeable value (e.g., Uber, AirBnB) ● Reputation is already traded among academics (e.g. H-index of publication impact) ● Now imagine open trading of intellectual reputation ● Each recognized educational institution is given an initial award of an intellectual currency (the Kudos) Based on e.g. THE World Ranking, or H-index, or Amazon author rank ● Each institution allocates amounts of Kudos to employees it wishes to recognise ● Each institution and person stores its fund of reputation in a virtual ‘wallet’ on the educational blockchain
  • 9. Trading in intellectual currency ● Educational institution awards small amounts of Kudos to students who graduate ● Student may pay a tutor in Bitcoin currency, and receive Kudos in return for passing a test or completing a tutorial ● Any individual can post an item of note on the educational Blockchain e.g., idea, presentation, paper, story, poem, artwork ● People can associate Kudos with that item to indicate its value ● Or can transfer small amounts of Kudos to the author to boost author’s reputation ● Similar to Kickstarter, but with a currency of reputation ● Amount of Kudos associated with a work or author is an indication of their intellectual value 9 Reputation on iSpot http://www.ispotnature.org/
  • 10. OpenBlockchain Blockchain-based e-portfolios, feedback and accreditation blockchain.open.ac.uk 10 Collaboration with APPII (appii.iio) on trusted open profiles and CVs Adding OpenLearn badges and course portfolios onto to the OpenBlockchain
  • 11. What if? ● A single universal record of intellectual works and awards, each associated with reputational credit ● Extends academic practices of reputation and review to anyone ● Conversion rate between reputation and money? ● What is the value of scholarship? ● Do we want education to be (further) commodified? ● Marketplace for knowledge, or opening up education? 11