Innovation Flow Shankar - TRIZ

!nnovation flow

the Science of flowing ideas and
Inventions into Innovation

Shankar MV
27 August, Pune

8/29/2009Shankar, 27 Aug'09 !nnovation flow at NCL, Pune 2

Hi, I’m Shankar

• Physicist turned Materials Scientist
• Now Principal Scientist at Dow
R&D, Pune
• Earlier, GE R&D – 8 Yrs, Materials
Innovation
• Patented Inventions, New
Products
• Innovation Facilitator - TRIZ

Shankar, 27 Aug'09 !nnovation flow at NCL, Pune 3

Innovation by standing on
the shoulders of Giants

TRIZ

None of us is as good as all of us

Someone somewhere has already
solved a problem similar to yours


TRIZ (pronounced “trees”)

Russian: Теория решения изобретательских
задач
(Teoriya Resheniya Izobretatelskikh Zadatch)

"The theory of solving inventor's problems“

• a systematic problem-solving methodology based
on collective inventive knowledge

• Altshuller et al (1948 – 1998) studied patented
inventions and identified recurrent principles and
patterns characterizing inventive thinking

Problem Solving
Specific Vs Generic

Specific Problem Specific Solution

x2 -9x + 20 = 0 X = 4, 5


TRIZ Approach

World’s Best
World’s Best
Generic
Generic TRIZ Ideas
Ideas
Problems
Problems solving similar
solving similar
similar to mine
similar to mine
Imagination Play

problems
problems
Altshuller
Problem Solve by
Analysis Analogy

My Specific
My Specific My Specific
My Specific

Problem
Problem Solution
Solution

Knowledge Play

Teoriya Resheniya Izobreatatelskikh Zadatch

20 Distillation of Inventive Knowledge
Pa 0,0
te 00
nt +
s

Level 4
Level 3
Invention outside
Invention inside
Paradigm

40 n ti ts
In ten
Paradigm
Discovery

,00 ve
ve
Pa

0
Level 1 1
Level
Apparent Solution
Apparent
Solution
Level 2
Improvement

TRIZ
5 Levels of Invention
Source: TRIZ Levels of Invention - Altshuller

Image source: officesearchtoronto.com/.../ Image source: www.ppalliance.co.uk/contact.html

Extraction of Inventive Solutions

1482 Fundamental
Technical Problems

G.S. Altshuller

TRIZ Contradiction Matrix
40
Inventive
Principles

Mantra for !nnovation flow

Focus Escape Move
&
Align

!nnovation flow

Focus


Define the Problem
Focus
in a way that does not entrap the
problem solver in Psychological Inertia

Question
the
Problem


Who is not
Who is not NOT (5W+1H) What is not
What is not
Affected ?
Affected ? the Problem?
the Problem?

How is
How is When is
When is
it not?
it not? it not?
it not?

Why is it not?
Why is it not? Where is not
Where is not
Shankar, 27 Aug'09 !nnovation flow at NCL, Pune
a problem?
a problem?
14

Evolution of Lighting Technology
P
LED
e nt hi
te
m W
v iro
Luminous Efficacy En
Illumination Quality (CRI)
p
Cost per Lumen
L am
Lamp Life t
cen
Environmental Impact y es
r
nc uo
ffi cie F l
E

b
B ul Luminescent Phosphor
t
c en
s
nde
ca
In
Tungsten Filament

Shankar, 27 Aug'09 !nnovation flow at NCL, Pune Time 15

Incandescent Bulb Fluorescent Lamp White LED Solid state
What is the Problem ? Low Efficiency (10%) Mercury - Environment High Cost
What is not the Low cost (10 Rs) Efficiency Long Life (50-100,000h)
Problem ?
When is it a Problem ? While using Disposal Manufacturing
When is it not a Disposal Use Disposal / Use
Problem ?
Where is it a Problem ? Energy poor countries Green Countries Poor Countries
Where is it not a Surplus / Cheap Energy Safe disposal -Recycling Technology driven,
Problem ? technology available Rich Countries
Who is affected ? Energy buyer Residents near land fills Mfrs of CFL, Bulbs
Who is not affected ? Off the Grid Vast uninhabitable land Leaders in
Semiconductor devices
Why is it a Problem ? Black Body Radn – Phosphor - Energy Device performance
visible spectra at high T down conversion sensitive to
contaminants
Why is it not a No Mercury 2-3 X more eff than Robust, No Hg
Problem? bulbs
How is it a Problem ? Depleting fossil fuels Mercury has highest eff Semiconductor device
mfg needs fab
How is it not a High CRI – close to Sun Scope exists for Hg-free Clean & Green
Problem? light discharges

Focus The Kingdom was lost
because
a nail was missing

# 1. Why was the Kingdom lost?

Question # 2. Why was the battle lost ?

the # 3. Why could not the soldier fight well ?

Problem # 4. Why was the Horse lost ?

# 5. Why did the horse lose its shoe ?


What is the Real Problem to be addressed ?

Broader Problem

Why do I want to
solve this problem ?
Original Problem (Start here)

What’s stopping me
from solving this
Problem ?
Narrower Problem

Ref - Shankar, 27 Aug'09
Hands on Systematic Innovation – Darrellflow at NCL, Pune
!nnovation
Mann 18

Focus 9 Windows of Opportunity

Super-
System

System
Look at all
the Zones
Sub-
System

Past Present Future


Super-System

System
System
as it is
Today

Sub-System

Past Present Future

Photo electro chemical Solar Cell
Nanostructured Dye-sensitized

Light

Glass
TCO

Absorbed dye
with TiO2

10 – 20 µm
I- I3-
Electrolyte

I- I3-
TCO / Pt
Glass

Nano Solar Energy Converter
• Identify Elements of the System Heat
Useful Function
• Plot TRIZ Function Map Harmful Function

Elements Interaction Matrix
Useful Function Harmful Function

Sun Glas TCO Dye Nano Electrolyte Counter
s TiO2 electrode

Sun Sends Excites Evaporates
photon
s to

Glass Supports

TCO

Dye e-recom Transfers
electrons

Nano TiO2 Transfers
electron

Electrolyte corrodes Tranfers electron

Counter Complet
es circuit
electrode

Resolve Technical Contradictions
What is to be What is holding us
Element Present What is desired? improved? back?

High transmittivity &
TCO ITO electrical conductivity Light transmittivity low conductivity
loss in transmittivity
Electrical conductivity due to light scattering

Organic
Light harvester molecules absorb entire spectrum Aggregation, selective
(Dye) (Ru-based) of incident radiation # Absorbed photons absorption
convert all absorbed
photon energy into
excitons # Excitons generated Recombination
Nanoporous conduct electron away Transfer of e from dye
photoelectrode Nano TiO2 immediately Electron mobility to TiO2
Iodine based conduct hole away Hole mobility (liquid
Electrolyte redox couple immediately electrolyte) volatility, leakage
supply electrons Chemical stability,
Counter Pt on continuously, not react electron donating corrosive nature of
electrode glass/TCO with electrolytes ability electrolytes and cost

Focus
Ideality

Implementation-free approach
IFR
Begin with Today Time

the End in
Mind


Problem: Cleaning the exterior
of the windows of tall buildings

Ideality = Cleaning / ( Injury + Cost )

• IFR -1
Introduce an element that will clean
the exterior from inside – without
complicating the design

• IFR-2
No new substance or parts
System itself will do the useful
function

• IFR-3
Zone of Contradiction itself performs
the function

Source: Kraev’s Korner – System Ideality, TRIZ Journal
http://www.triz-journal.com/archives/2007/02/08/

IFR – 1 IFR – 2 IFR – 3

Cleaning Sliding Self-Cleaning
Tool Windows Glass
with a Magnet with a cleaning Nano Titania
brush Pilkington Active

UV

TiO2

Portable Water Filter

Shankar, 20 July 09 Innovation Flow at ARAI, Pune 28
http://www.vestergaard-frandsen.com/lifestraw-introduction.htm

Solving an Invisible Problem

Shankar, 20 July 09
Adaptive Eyeware
Innovation Flow at ARAI, Pune 29
http://hubpages.com/hub/INNOVATIVE-SPECTACLES

!nnovation flow

Ask Questions

Look at all the Zones

Focus Begin with the End in Mind


!nnovation flow

Escape
& Align

Escape & Align
Brainstorming (Osborn, 1948)

• Focus on Idea Quantity
• No Criticism
• Build on other Ideas
• Crazy Ideas OK

• But BS is not easy always:
Think Out-
of-the-Box


Roger Sperry
(Nobel Laurete 1981)
http://nobelprize.org/nobel_prizes/medicine/laureates/1981/sper
ry-lecture.html

Left – Logical
Right – Creative

Right Brain Thinking:

Drawing on the right side of the
Brain – Betty Edwards.

A Whole new Mind – Why
Right Brain Thinkers will Rule
the Future - Dan Pink


Solving the Nine Dots Puzzle

Think out-of-the-Box

Systematic Approach to Out-of-the-box Ideas

Ideal Final Result
Evolution Trends
Super-system

System

Sub-system
5 Whys

Past Present Future


IFR Lamp
Super-
System

System

Sub-
System

Past Present Future
Electron – Photon
Interactions

Divergent Thinking

Same Noun, Same Verb Same Noun, Different Verb
Write, Pencil
Pencil, Write
Pointer
Drum stick
Missile
Lubricator, Electrical connector,

Different Noun, Same Verb Different Noun, Different Verb

Pen, Write Its not a Pencil, It doesn’t Write
Marker
Chalk Phone - Voice message
Coal, brick, .. Email
Finger


Innovators Vs Inventors Shankar.M.V 39

Escape & Align

Grow Ideas
into
Solutions


Escape & Align

Align
Solutions to
Problems


TRIZ Approach

World’s Best
World’s Best
Generic
Generic TRIZ Ideas
Ideas
Problems
solving similar
similar to mine
similar to mine
Imagination Play

problems
problems
Altshuller
Problem Solve by
Analysis Analogy

My Specific
My Specific My Specific
My Specific

Problem
Problem Solution
Solution

Knowledge Play

Teoriya Resheniya Izobreatatelskikh Zadatch

Imaginatively Generalizing the Problem

Generic
Generic
Problems
Problems
similar to mine
similar to mine
Imagination

Problem
Analysis

My Specific
My Specific

Problem
Problem

Knowledge

Idea in brief

TRIZ Engineering Parameters
1. Weight of moving object 15. Durability of moving object 29. Accuracy of manufacturing
2. Weight of nonmoving 16. Durability of nonmoving 30. Harmful factors acting on
object object object
3. Length of moving object 17. Temperature 31. Harmful side effects
4. Length of nonmoving 18. Brightness 32. Manufacturability
object
19. Energy spent by moving 33. Convenience of use
5. Area of moving object object
34. Repairability
6. Area of nonmoving object 20. Energy spent by nonmoving
35. Adaptability
object
7. Volume of moving object
36. Complexity of device
21. Power
8. Volume of nonmoving
37. Complexity of control
object 22. Waste of energy
38. Level of automation
9. Speed 23. Waste of substance
39. Productivity
10. Force 24. Loss of information
11. Tension, pressure, stress 25. Waste of time
12. Shape 26. Amount of substance
13. Stability of object 27. Reliability
14. Strength 28. Accuracy of measurement

To solve an Inventive
TRIZ Problem,

Contradiction Inventor needs to find &
remove Contradictions.

The TRIZ technical
contradiction is that when
Parameter A is improved,
Parameter B worsens.

Identify which Parameter is improving

Fundamental and which parameter is worsening as a result?

Technical
Problems

1482

( 39 X 38 )

Distilled Knowledge on Inventive Ideas

World’s Best
World’s Best
Generic
Generic TRIZ Ideas
Ideas
Problems
solving similar
similar to mine
similar to mine problems
problems
Imagination

Knowledge

Idea in brief

TRIZ Inventive Principles

1. Segmentation 15. Dynamics 29. Pneumatics and hydraulics
2. Taking out 16. Partial or excessive actions 30. Flexible shells and thin films
3. Local quality 17. Another dimension 31. Porous materials
4. Asymmetry 18. Mechanical vibration 32. Color changes
5. Merging 19. Periodic action 33. Homogeneity .
6. Universality 20. Continuity of useful action 34. Discarding and recovering
7. "Nested doll" 21. Skipping 35. Parameter changes
8. Anti-weight 22. "Turn Lemons into Lemonade" 36. Phase transitions
9. Preliminary anti-action 23. Feedback 37. Thermal expansion
10. Preliminary action 24. 'Intermediary' 38. Strong oxidants
11. Beforehand cushioning 25. Self-service 39. Inert atmosphere
12. Equipotentiality 26. Copying 40. Composite materials
13. 'The other way round' 27. Cheap short-living objects
14. Spheroidality - Curvature 28 Mechanics substitution

TRIZ for the Sly Fox

TRIZ Principle # 17
Another Dimension

TRIZ Principle # 24
Intermediary


TRIZ

Contradiction

Matrix

Evolution of TRIZ

1947 200,000 + Patents
5 Levels of Invention

Genrikh Saulovich
Altshuller 40,000 Inventive Patents
1926-98
39 TRIZ Parameters

TRIZ 1482 Technical Problems
TRIZ Contradiction Matrix TRIZ Evolution
Essence of Potential

1956-1971 1979
Inventive 40
Inventive
Laws of
technical system
Principles Evolution
Knowledge

New Refueling
system
Extra sales
1.5 Bn $

130 MM $ sales
1st Yr
45% market
share

New DVD pick-up
> 1 Bn $

http://www.xtriz.com/publications/TRIZSuccessCases.pdf

!nnovation flow

Think Out-of-
the-Box

Grow Ideas into
Solutions

Align Solutions
Escape to Problems

& Align

Move


Move

Study
Technology
Evolution


Laws governing Trends of Evolution
Static Laws:

1. Completeness of parts of the engineering system. Every technical system
consists of engine, transmission, limbs and controls. Evolution will take place
to all these parts.
2. Energy Conductivity of the system- The better the transfer of energy inside
the system, the better the system.
3. Harmony of the parts of the system- Better harmony in timing, frequency
etc. improves performance of the system.

Dynamic Laws:

4. Transition from Microlevel to Macrolevel which improves miniaturization.
5. Dynamization - that moves the evolution from a rigid structure to a flexible
one.

Kinematic Laws

6. Moving towards increasing ideality. Every stage of evolution will move
closer to the ideal system.
7. Moving from complicated system to simplified system.
8. Elemination of redundant stages and Transition towards the super-system
Source: http://www.trizsite.com/triztools/evolutiontrends.asp

Move

Predict the
Trend


Trends in Technology Evolution
• Transition from single to double to multiple
Monolithic items are split into multiple components for efficiency and
convenience. Single purpose products are made multi-purpose products.
For example, pen with single color ink to pen with different color ink.
• The transition from rigid to flexible to wave technologies.
According to this trend the products are moving from rigidity to flexibility.
The future stages of the product will be more and more flexible. For
example, fixed gates to collapsible gates, fixed tables to openable and
ajustable tables etc.
• The transition from mechanical to thermal to electronic energy
application.
Machines are becoming more automated. Human operated machines are
converted to petrol operated to battery operated machines. Many are
converted to solar and atomic energy operated. For example, bi-cycle to
motor-cycle, mechanical watch to battery operated watch, electric lights to
solar lights, steam engine trains to diessel engine to electric engine etc.

Trends in Technology Evolution
• Transition from large to small
Products are moving from large size to small size. For example, Old generation
computers were large, which were replaced by small personal computers. Current age
laptops and palmtops are still smaller. This shows a trend towards future computers of
even smaller size. Another example, Large clocks to small wrist watches to macro
clocks.
• Straight lines to curves
Flat surfaces are made curved surfaces for convenience of use. For example,
reclangular tv-remotes are made curved to fit better with the shape of human palms.
Flat rests are made curved rests to give better support to the back.
• Manual to automatic, or moving towards decreasing human involvement
Products move towards reduced human involvements. As human time is precious
products intend to work automatically without being operated by human beings. For
example, thermostats in car engine fans, tv-timer to switch of tv automatically ater
some time.
• Transition towards controllability
Products become more and more controllable. Better products have higher
controllability. For example, electronic equipments, space shuttles.

Cooking Stoves :

Electrical Microwave
Wood fuel Kerosene LPG
heating heating

Time
Transportation :

Electric
Horse Cart Petrol Car CNG ?
/ Hybrid Car

Trend :

Solid Liquid Gas Field Field

Shankar, July 2009 Flow of Ideas into Innovation
Time

Cutting Technology

Solid Liquid Gas Field


Dynamization Trend in Technology Evolution

F
Immobile Single Joint Multiple Joint Fully Flexible Liquid Gas Field


Ideality & Resource utilization – New Product Development

Developed by Japanese
telecom NTT DoCoMo,
it uses bones as an
extension of the phone.

• When someone calls, the
phone sends vibrations
through the bones in the
user’s hand.

• The user then sticks his
finger into his ear to listen
to the conversation.

Source: Kraev’s Korner – System Ideality, TRIZ Journal
http://www.triz-journal.com/archives/2007/02/08/

Technology
Evolution Trends
Space Segmentation trend :

Geometric Evolution trend :


Comb – Geometric Evolution


Technology
Evolution Trends
Surface Segmentation Trend :

Controllability trend :


Move

Jump the S-
Curve


Technology Evolution Potential


Study Technology Evolution

Predict the Trend

Jump the S-Curve

Move
!nnovation flow


!nnovation flow
Focus on the Innovation Opportunity
- balance depth Vs breadth
Escape from Psychological Inertia
- stretch the Paradigms
Align the creative solutions to critical problems
- resolve all contradictions
Move constantly towards Ideality
- transcend to next-gen technologies

Mantra for !nnovation flow

Focus Escape Move
&
Align

Take up one idea.

Make that one idea your life
- think of it, dream of it, live on that idea.

Swami Vivekananda

Innovators Vs Inventors Shankar.M.V 75

!nnovation flow
Don’t aim at Innovation –
the more you aim at it
the more you are going to miss it.

For Innovation cannot be pursued;
it must ensue
…as the unintended effect of
one’s personal dedication to
an Idea greater than oneself


TRIZ Resources
• http://trizindia.ning.com/
• TRIZ Books
Altshuller, Genrich (1973). Innovation Algorithm. Worcester, MA: Technical Innovation
Center. ISBN 0-9640740-2-8.
Altshuller, Genrich (1984). Creativity as an Exact Science. New York, NY: Gordon & Breach.
ISBN 0-677-21230-5.
Altshuller, Genrich (1994). And Suddenly the Inventor Appeared. translated by Lev Shulyak.
Worcester, MA: Technical Innovation Center. ISBN 0-9640740-1-X.
• TRIZ Journal : http://www.triz-journal.com/ - excellent articles - archives from 1996 available
• TRIZ Opensource: http://www.opensourcetriz.com/ - Excellent collection of TRIZ problem
solving illustrations & case studies, eBooks - free downloads
• Other TRIZ Resources
The Altshuller Institute for TRIZ Studies
http://www.aitriz.org/index.php?option=com_frontpage&Itemid=1
• TRIZ site - http://www.trizsite.com/startup/default.asp?menuno=999001TM
• TRIZ-learning platform http://triz.it/eng/ - good collection of examples of the 40 Inventive
principles
• TRIZ Overview articles: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/TRIZ , http://www.mazur.net/triz/


Thanks
Dr. Shankar M.V
Principal Scientist, Dow R&D, Pune.
Shankar.Venugopal07@gmail.com


Innovation Flow Shankar - TRIZ

Recomendados

Recomendados

Más contenido relacionado

La actualidad más candente

La actualidad más candente (7)

Destacado

Destacado (20)

Último

Último (20)

Innovation Flow Shankar - TRIZ