1. A GUIDE TO G R A PHIC D ES I G N B Y S C O T T W. S A NTORO CH AP TER 2 :
A BRIEF
HISTORY
OF
FAL L 2 0 1 3 • G R A PHIC D ES I GN 1 • S A R A G O N Z ALEZ
G R A P HI C
D E S I GN
4. C AV E PA I N T I N G S
E G Y P I TA N H Y R O G LY P H I C S / L A N G U AG E & L E T T E R F O R M S
ABC
INVENTION OF PAPER
REPLACES PARCHMENT
BOOKS/BIBLES/ MONKS/ SCRIBES /EDITING
GUTENBURG PRESS
M O VA B L E T Y P E
INDUSTRIAL REVOLUTION
MANUAL LABOR TO MACHINE MANUFACTURING
AC C E L E R AT I O N O F T E C H O LO G Y
MORE PRODUCTS MADE AND DISTRIBUTED
NEED FOR ADVERTISING / BRANDS
PA R C H M E N T
6. What did these inventions mean
for the field of graphic design?
7. $
REDUCED COST OF PRINTED PROMOTIONS
AVAILABLE TO MORE PEOPLE
GREATER DEMAND FOR DESIGN
8. 1826
THE
JOSEPH NICEPHORE NIEPCE
1ST PERMANET PHOTOGRAPH
DEVELOPMENT OF
PHOTOGRAPHY
8 HOUR
DEVELOMPENT
PROCESS
1839
LOUI JAQUEZ DEGUERRE
DAGUERREOTYPE
ACCELERATED
DEVELOPMENT
PROCESS OF
PHOTOGRAPHS
FROM 8HRS TO 30 MIN.
1841
WILLIAN HENERY FOX TALBOT
CALOTYPE/PHOTO NEGATIVE
UNLIMITED
NUMBER OF
PRINTS COULD
BE MADE
10. New communication tool
Did not have to rely only on illustration as the main visual elements
Newspapers & advertisers began to rely on
photographs to sell their products.
16. 1880-1910
ARTS & CRAFTS
1890-1910
ART NOUVEAU
CUBISM 1907-1921
1910-1918
FUTURISM
1915-1934
SUPREMATISM
1916-1923
DADA
1917-1931
DE STIJIL
1919-1933
BAUHAUS
1919-1934
CONSTRUCTIVISM
17. CHARACTARISTICS:
MIND SET:
Figures broken up into
semi-abstract forms.
.
Visual arts, literature music and
science were all influencing one
another.
Disregard of techniques
of the past.
Did not imitate natural
forms and shapes
INFLUENCERS:
Albert Einstein
Paul Cezanne
Pablo Picasso
Erik Satie
CUBISM 1907-1921
18. Letters were now
expressive elements
of design.
AO
CH
FLU
IN
ENCES:
SCIE
NCE
Grids, alignment, &
typography were
disregarded.
SO
FW
AR
CHARACTARISTICS:
EN
ER
M
Y,
G
O
M
VE
E
NT
SP
D
EE
,&
I
NO
SE
Emphasized the
attributes of motion
and speed fused with
cubism abstraction.
1910-1918
http://media-cache-ak0.pinimg.com/236x/ba/43/1d/ba431dea553ace90e7cb0b150966c5ae.jpg
19. K
M AZ
F U AL IM
C U T U EV IR
BI RI
S M S M ICH
IN
CHARACTARISTICS:
FL
UE
NC
E:
Focused on creating pure
geometric abstraction &
a metaphysical reality.
Fractured and energized
compositions.
MINDSET:
19
15
-19
34
Reducing everything
down to the basics.
The supremacy of pure
feeling and creative art.
http://www.invisiblebooks.com/malevichsupremus58.1915.jpg
22. MINDSET:
Eliminate distinction between fine
and applied arts & creating a
union of arts, crafts and industry
working for the greater good.
CHARACTARISTICS:
Functionalism
Intuition
Universality
Cosmopolitan
International Style
Serve the masses
BAUHAUS
19
19-1933
Founder: Architect
Walter Gropius
INFLUENCES:
Expressionist Theories
Johanness Itten
Josef Albers
Lyonel Feininger
Paul Klee
Wassily Kandinskey
Theo Doesburg
El Lissitzky
Moholy Nagy
Herbert Bayer
http://interdisciplinaryleeds.files.wordpress.com/2010/12/10-bauhaus-plakat-1923.jpg
23. MindSet:
An embrace of technology.
Characteristics:
Machine Inspired
Sleek lines
Bold Geometric Shapes
Decorative movement
Lavish Ornementation
Lack of any scientific inner philosophy
Art Deco
1925
http://rt.com/files/art-and-culture/news/
metropolis-poster-fetches-auction-071/i1a6b4
e2e85dd9281327696d01c686287_metrosh.jpg
25. THE NEW YORK
SCHOOL
CHARACTARISTICS:
MINDSET:
Focuse on Advertising
Conceptually
harmonizing text and
image.
Witty
Playful
Austere
Connects with the
audience
Word and image
association
Conceptual
INFLUENCES:
Advertising
Copywriting
Paul Rand & Bill Burnbach
Helmut Krone
George Lois
1960’s