Bvvp proj2 univ_stru_planets_movement

Understanding the Structure of the
Universe based on SB Canto5
Part2: Fourteen Planetary Systems
‘Vertical Structure of the Universe’
TRANSFORMATION

Çrémad-Bhägavatam Canto 5: Overview
Part1: Description of “Bhü-maëòala - Horizontal Structure
of the Universe”
Part2: Fourteen Planetary Systems - ‘Vertical Structure of
the Universe’
• Ch 21-22: The Zodiac - Movement of Sun, Moon & other
Grahas
• Ch 23: Description of Dhruvaloka, the Form of the
Dolphin and the Upper Planets
• Ch 24-25: Description of the Lower Planets (places below
the Sun)
• Ch 26: Description of Hellish Planets

SB 5.21. The Movements of the Sun
• SB 5.21.1-2: Diameter and divisions of Universe
• SB 5.21.3-11: Sun’s movement under SL’s control
• SB 5.21.12-16: Description of Sun-god’s chariot
• SB 5.21.17-18: 60,000 Välikhilyas worship the Sun-god
• SB 5.21.19: Speed of the chariot of the Sun-god
SB 5.22. The Orbits of the Planets
• SB 5.22.1: Question by PM about how can Sun keep Sumeru
to its left and right
• SB 5.22.2: SG answers with Potter’s wheel analogy
• SB 5.22.3-7: Glories of Sun-god and Time calculations
• SB 5.22.8-10: Movements and glories of Moon
• SB 5.22.11-17: Description and movements of the Stars and
Planets above Moon
SB 5.21-22: Movements of Sun, Moon and Other Planets

The Sun god:
• The sun is situated (vertically) in the middle of the universe, in the
area between Bhürloka and Bhuvarloka, which is called antarikña
(measuring 200,000 yojanas), outer space.
• The distance between the Sun and the circumference of the
universe (above and below) is 250 Million Yojanas
• The sun is known as Märtaëòa because he entered the unconscious
universe. (Märtaëòa - He who entered the dead universe)
• He is called Hiraëyagarbha because he is the very existence of the
universe called Hiraëyäëòa, the golden egg.
• He is the totality of jévas with subtle covering Hiraëyagarbha.
• The directions, sky, heavens, earth and other divisions, as well the
places of enjoyment, liberation and hell, such as Atala, are all
differentiated by the sun (süryeëa hi vibhajyante).
• He is called as “dåg-éçvaraù” for he is the eye and life of all living
beings, of devatäs, animals, humans, reptiles and plants.
SB 5.21-22: The Movements of the Sun, Moon and Other Planets

Bhü-maëòala with Different Divisions

Description of Sun-god’s Chariot:
• The chariot of the sun-god has only one wheel.
• One side of the axle (L: 15,750,000 yojanas) carrying the wheel
rests upon the summit of Mount Sumeru (It is fixed on the lower
portion of Meru), and the other rests upon Mänasottara Mountain.
• Affixed to the outer end of the axle, the wheel continuously rotates
on Mänasottara Mountain like the wheel of an oil-pressing machine
• As in an oil-pressing machine, the first axle is attached to a second
axle, which is one fourth as long (3,937,500 yojanas).
• The second axle is bound to the first exactly opposite to the salt
water ocean.
• The upper end of this second axle is attached to Dhruvaloka by a
rope of wind.

• According to Çrédhara Svämé the Sun’s chariot rotates on
Mänasottara Mountain at a height of 50,000 yojanas on a surface
made flat by the wind.
• Total height up-to chariot wheel: 10,000 + 50,000 = 60,000 yojanas.
• The sun god is situated in the enclosure at a place 40,000 yojanas
above the wheel.
• Total height up-to Sun god: 60,000 + 40,000 = 100,000 yojanas.
DHRUVALOKA
MOUNT MERU
BHU-MANDALA
40,000 Y
50,000 Y
10,000 YMANASOTTARA
MOUNTAIN
SUN GOD’S
CHARIOT
WHEEL

• The length of sun-god's chariot is 3.6MY, and width is 0.9MY (one
fourth of length).
• The horses, which are named after Gäyatré and other Vedic meters,
are harnessed by Aruëadeva to a yoke which is 0.9MY wide. This
chariot continuously carries the sun-god.
• Though Aruëa sits in front and is engaged in driving the chariot
and controlling the horses, he looks backward toward the sun-god.
• Sixty thousand sages named Välikhilyas, each the size of a thumb,
located in front of the sun-god, offer him eloquent prayers.
• Sages, Gandharvas, Apsaräs, Nägas, Yakñas, Räkñasas and Devatäs in
groups continuously worship the Supreme Lord as Sürya.

The Moon god:
• The moon is situated 100,000 yojanas above the rays of the sun.
• The moon with its waxing and waning phases, creates day & night
for the devatäs and night & day for the pitås respectively.
• Waxing phase (sukla paksa): Day - devatäs & Night - pitås
• Waning phase (kåsna paksa): Day - pitås & Night – devatäs
• This means the waxing phase is suitable for worship of devatäs and
the waning phase is suitable for worship of Pitås.
• sarva-jéva-nivaha-präëo : The moon is the life of all beings because
it produces food in the form of plants. Thus he called life itself.
• annaà hi präëinäà präëäù: food is the life of all beings.
• Jéva: The moon is called jévaù because it is made of immortal nectar
necessary for living. He is the chief living being within the universe.

The Moon god:
• The moon composed of sixteen phases (ñoòaça-kalaù) described as
the Supreme Lord (puruño bhagavän), the mind (manomaya), food
(annamaya, nectar (amåtamaya), and the life of devatäs, Pitås,
humans, ghosts, animals, birds and reptiles and to be all-pervading
(sarvamaya), since it is the cause of all life.
• deva-pitå-manuñya-bhüta-paçu-pakñi-sarésåpa-vérudhäà präëa
• Moon is called manomayaù because it is the presiding deity of mind.
• Supporting the life of all beings, the Moon passes through one
constellation in thirty muhürtas (one day).

The Constellations or Nakñaträs:
• The constellations, twenty-eight in number with Abhijit, are being
inspired by the Lord move in clockwise direction around the Mout
Meru on the wheel of time at a distance of 300,000 yojanas above
the Moon.
• They do not have a different motion, but move clockwise along
with the Time wheel.
• Each constellation is consisting of four daëòas or four padas.
• Abhijit constellation is composed of the last part of Äñäòhä and the
first part of Çravaëä constellations.

Planet ∆H(MY)H(MY)Characteristics of the Planets and People over there
Çanaiçcara
(Saturn)
0.2 1.4 This planet is always very inauspicious for the universal situation.
Passes thr 1 zodiac in 30 months & entire zodiac in 30 Anuvatsaras.
Båhaspati
(Jupiter)
0.2 1.2 1 sign in one prativatsara (360 days) & all signs in 11.87 years. If not
traveling retrograde, it is generally auspicious for the brähmaëas.
Aìgäraka
(Mars)
0.2 1.0 If not traveling retrograde, it passes through 1 sign in 3 fortnights &
12 signs in 1.5 years. Generally it is inauspicious, indicating grief.
Budha
(Mercury)
0.2 0.8 Moves in a similar fashion as sun. Generally auspicious. Moving away
from sun produces fearful situation with drought, cyclones, &
continual clouds.
Çukra-
graha
(Venus)
0.2 0.6 Moves like the sun, sometimes behind and sometimes in front. It is
always considered favorable for all people, generally causing rain by
its movements and removing evil influence of other planets which are
obstacles to rain.
Constellat
ions
0.3 0.4 27 Constellations (28 with Abhijit) move clockwise around Meru on
the wheel of time.
Moon 0.1 0.1 The moon passes through one constellation in thirty muhürtas or in
one day (30 days or 1 month).
Sun 0 0 The sun is situated [vertically] in the middle of the universe, b/w
Bhürloka and Bhuvarloka (antarikña / outer space). The Sun covers
the complete Zodiac belt in 12 months (1 year or 365.25 days)

Ch 21-26: Vertical Structure of the Universe
SB 5.23. The Çiçumära Planetary Systems
• SB 5.23.1-3: Glories of Dhruva planet (Polestar)
• SB 5.23.4-7: Description of body of Çiçumära (Machine of stars,
planets ~ Dolphin)
• SB 5.23.8-9: Mantra to worship Sisumara and the Result

The Çiçumära Planetary Systems
• This great machine, consisting of the stars and planets,
resembles the form of a çiçumära [dolphin] in the water.
• It is sometimes considered an incarnation of Kåñëa,
Väsudeva. Therefore some yogés contemplate this imaginary
çiçumära to be swimming in the sky the way a dolphin swims
in water.
• They meditate upon it as the viräö-rüpa, the gigantic form of
the SPOG, because it is actually visible.
• Thus they describe this zodiac belt (Jyotir-anékam) to be the
form of a dolphin, and worship it as Väsudeva in meditation.

The Çiçumära Planetary Systems
• This form of the çiçumära has its head downward and its
body coiled. The coiled body of the dolphin turns toward
the right side.
• Its body is balanced because its two sides are occupied by
an equal number of stars, i.e. fourteen on either side.
• Çiçumära should be considered as Lord Viñëu’s external
form.
• This Çiçumära-cakra is the resting place of all the
demigods and all the stars and the planets.

Bodily limb of Çiçumära-cakra The Abode of Demigods, Stars & Planets
On the end of its tail Dhruva-loka
On the body of its tail Demigods Prajäpati, Agni, Indra and Dharma
At the base of its tail The planets of the demigods Dhätä and Vidhätä
The hips on the çiçumära The seven saintly sages like Vasiñöha and Aìgirä
On its genitals Saturn
On the back of its neck Jupiter
On its mouth Mars
Within its life air (präëäpäna) Mercury
On its navel Venus
Right side of the coiled body The 14 stars from Abhijit to Punarvasu
On the left side of the coiled body The 14 stars from Puñyä to Uttaräñäòhä
On the back of the çiçumära Ajavéthé stars (constellations on the southern path)
On its abdomen The Ganges that flows in the sky (the MilkyWay)
Within its mind The moon
On its chest The Sun
Within the core of its heart Näräyaëa
On its breasts The Açviné-kumäras
On its neck Rähu
On the upper chin of the çiçumära Agasti
On its lower chin Yamaräja
All over its body Comets
In its pores the numerous stars

Bodily limb of the Çiçumära-cakra Abode of demigods, stars & planets
On the right side of the coiled body
of the Çiçumära-cakra, which turns
toward its right
the 14 constellations from Abhijit to
Punarvasu
On its left side (its body is balanced
because its two sides are occupied by
an equal number of stars)
The 14 stars from Puñyä to Uttaräñäòhä
On the right & left sides of the loins The stars named Punarvasu and Puñyä
On its right and left feet Ärdrä and Açleñä
On its right and left nostrils Abhijit and Uttaräñäòhä
At its right and left eyes Çravaëä and Pürväñäòhä
On its right and left ears Dhaniñöhä and Mülä
On the ribs of the left of its body The 8 stars from Maghä to Anurädhä
(southern course)
On the ribs on the right side. The 8 stars from Mågaçérñä to
Pürvabhädra (northern course)
On the right and left shoulders. Çatabhiñä and Jyeñöhä
The position of the 28 Constallations on the body of Çiçumära-cakra

Planet ∆H(MY) H(MY)Characteristics of the Planets and People over there
Upper Planetary System (The three lokas Mahar loka, Janaloka and Tapoloka, have
abodes beautified with verities of gems in plenty.)
Satyaloka 120 233.8 Abode of Lord Brahma (Resides with his associates)
Tapoloka 80 113.8 Abode of great Sages & Rsis (4-Kumaras headed by
Sanath Kumara resides here. This loka is fully populated
with Siddhas and Rsis; and provides abundance of
amenities of all kinds)
Janaloka 20 33.8 Abode of great Sages & Rsis (Sages headed by Brghu
Muni reside here)
Maharloka 10 13.8 Abode of great Sages & Rsis (It is populated by Siddhas
and Rsis in large numbers)
Svarloka
Dhruvaloka 1.3 3.8 The abode of Lord Viñëu. Dhruva still resides as the life
source of all the living entities who live until the end of
the creation. The sapta-rsis, demigods and different stars
circumambulate him with their right sides toward him.
7 Saintly
Stars
1.1 2.5 They always think of the well-being of the inhabitants of
the universe & circumambulate the supreme abode of
Lord Viñëu (Dhruvaloka), the polestar.

Planet ∆H(MY) H(MY)Characteristics of the Planets and People over there
Beginning of
Vaikuëöha
planets
- >260 +
Shell
According to Viñëu Puräëa the covering of the universe
is 250 MY away from the sun. And the Vaikuëöha
planets begin 10MY above the covering of the universe.
Region of
Liberated
souls
10 260 +
Shell
This is the area b/w the covering of the universe & the
Vaikuëöha planets.
Universal
covering
7 Layers >250 There are 7 Layers of Universal coverings made up of
Earth, Water, Fire, Air, Ether, False Ego and Mahat-
tattva, each 10 times wider than the previous one.
Free-space 16.2 250 The covering of the universe is 16.2 MY above Satyaloka
and 250MY away from the Sun planet.
(In this free space above Satya loka, there is Visnu loka,
which the seers call Vaikunta. It is neither created, nor
destroyed. This is the Vaikuntha created by Lord
Vaikuntha , the s/o Subhra and Vikuntha, to please the
GOF and described in SB Canto 3 Chapters 15-16)
Upper Planetary System
Satyaloka 120 233.8 Abode of Lord Brahma (Resides with his associates)

Planet ∆Hight (MY) Hight wrt Sun (MY)
Region of Liberated souls & Vaikuëöha
planets
> 250 + Shell
Free-space & Outer covering 16.2 250
Upper Planetary System
Satyaloka 120 233.8
Tapoloka 80 113.8
Janaloka 20 33.8
Maharloka 10 13.8
Svarloka
Dhruvaloka 1.3 3.8
7 Saintly Stars 1.1 2.5
Çanaiçcara (Saturn) 0.2 1.4
Båhaspati-graha (Jupiter) 0.2 1.2
Aìgäraka (Mars) 0.2 1.0
Budha-graha (Mercury) 0.2 0.8
Çukra-graha (Venus) 0.2 0.6
Constellations 0.3 0.4
Moon 0.1 0.1
Sun 0 0

Notes from Srila Vädiraja Tirta’s “BHUGOLA VARNANAM”
The Upper Worlds (110 - 123)
∆Hight
(MY)
Hight wrt
Earth(MY)
The Larger Earth 0 0
Antariksa, Above earth (10MY breadth wise) 0.1 0.1
Svarga Loka, Above antariksa (10MY breadth wise) 4.9 5.0
Mahar loka (Siddas & Rsis; Extend for a distance of 500/3MY) 7.5 12.5
Jana loka (Siddas and Rsis; Extend for a distance of 500/3MY) 11.25 23.75
Tapa loka (Siddas and Rsis; Extend for a distance of 500/3MY) 16.875 40.625
Satya loka (extends to a height of 41.25MY; Extend for a
distance of 500/3 MY) 40.625 81.25
Vaikuntha, Released souls move in celestial planes (Extend for a
distance of 1000/3 MY) 81.25 162.5
Gap to universal shell 87.5 250
Total 250 250

Movements of the Planets (288-294 & 295-345)
Planet ∆Hight (MY) Hight wrt Earth(MY)
Earth 0 0
Rahu & Ketu 0.09 0.09
Sun chariot 0.01 0.1
Moon (above sun rays, exactly above salt ocean) 0.1 0.2
Gandarvas, siddhas & other devine personalities live,
moving in their airplanes (In between Moon and Stars)
27 Constallations (In between Moon and Stars)
Stars (extend upto 30,00,000 Yojanas above moon) 0.3 0.5
Sukra (Venus) 0.2 0.7
Budha (Mercury) 0.2 0.9
Kuja (Mars) 0.2 1.1
Brhaspati (Jupitor) 0.2 1.3
Sani (saturn) 0.2 1.5
Saptarsi 1.1 2.6
Dhruva mandala 1.4 4.0

SB 5.24. Subterranean Heavenly Planets
• SB 5.24.1-6: Planets below Sun and above Earth
• SB 5.24.7-17: Planets below Earth (Bila svarga’s opulence)
• SB 5.24.18-27: Sutala planet - Bali maharaja’s glories
• SB 5.24.24-26: Bali maharaja’s humility
• SB 5.24.28-31: Description of planets below Sutala - Talätala
(Maya in Mäya), Mahätala (Snakes fearful of Garuda), Rasätala
(Paëis, Niväta-kavacas etc), and Pätäla (Snakes)

Planet∆H(MY) H(MY) Characteristics of the Planets and People over there
Bhüvarloka / Antarikña: The sky b/w the earthly sphere and heavenly sphere (moon).
The place of enjoyment for Yakñas, Räkñasas, Piçäcas, ghosts and so on.
The Earthly sphere extends as far as the wind blows and the clouds float in the sky.
Above this there is no more air. Above this Bhüvarloka / Antarikña starts.
Rähu 0.01 0.01 Moves like one of the stars. Its presiding deity Rähu, s/o
Siàhikä, is the most abominable of all asuras. He is inimical
toward both Sun & Moon, thus tries to cover the Sunshine &
Moonshine on dark-moon day & full-moon night (eclipse).
Siddhas,
Cäraëas,
Vidyädh
aras
0.01 0.02 Naturally endowed with mystic powers, they can go from one
planet to another by their natural mystic powers without
using airplanes or similar machines.
Yakñas,
Rakñas
0.0799 0.0999 The Yakñas, Rakñas along with Piçäcas and Ghosts enjoy here.
Bhüloka / Bhürloka (Bhü-mandala / Earthly Planets)
Earthly
Planets
0.0001
(0.0)
0.1
(0.0)
Bhü-mandala’s upper limits extend as high as swans, hawks,
eagles and similar large birds can fly.
Lower planetary systems - Bhü-vivaraù “in hollow cavities of the earth.”

Lower planetary systems - Bhü-vivaraù “in hollow cavities of the earth or
the netherworlds within the bowels of the earth.”
• The Daityas, Dänavas and Nägas having greater wealth, power, bliss and
sense enjoyment than the higher planets, live there in illusory enjoyment
in fine houses & beautiful gardens, with desires more unimpeded than
in Svarga.
• In these planets there is no fear because there are no divisions of time
with day and night.
• The gems on the heads of the best of the great snakes drive away all
darkness.
• By taking elixirs and juices made from divine herbs, they do not
experience anxiety, disease, old age, wrinkles, grey hair, discoloration of
the body, foul perspiration, fatigue, or lack of pleasure.
• They do not experience the effects of aging, the effects caused by
bathing, drinking and eating.
• No fear of death except from the Sudarçana-cakra.

Planet ∆H(MY)H(MY) Characteristics of the Planets and People over there
Lower planetary systems - Bhü-vivaraù “in hollow cavities of the earth or the
netherworlds within the bowels of the earth.”
The Residence of the Daityas, Dänavas and Nägas (the envious of the demigods)
Mount
Meru
0.016 0.016 16,000 Yojana of Mount Meru is within the earth (Jambüdvépa),
while the remaining 84,000 Yojanas is above Jambüdvépa.
Atala 0.01 0.026 Ruled by the demon Bala, the s/o Maya Dänava, and the creater of 96
kinds of mystic power. Simply by yawning he created 3 kinds of
women (svairiëé, kämiëé & puàçcalé), who induce a man to drink
häöaka to enjoy with him.
Vitala 0.01 0.036 Lord Çiva, the master of gold mines, lives with his wife, surrounded
by his personal associates, the ghosts, for producing progeny. From
the mixture of their vital fluid Häöaké river is generated. It is heated
by Väyu and hardened by Agni. The men and their wives wear that
gold called Häöaka along with their jewel ornaments with great
admiration in their houses.
Sutala 0.01 0.046 Bali Mahäräja, s/o Mahäräja Virocana, resides even now worshipping
the Supreme Lord, most worshipable, with fearless heart and
complete devotion.
Talätal
a
0.01 0.056 Ruled by Maya (master of the magicians), the king of Dänavas, lord
of three cities. Protected by Lord Çiva, without fear of Sudarçana, he
is worshipped here.

Planet ∆H(MY) H(MY) Characteristics of the Planets and People over there
Mahätala 0.01 0.066 Inhabited by many hooded snakes (Kadrüs descendents)
headed by Kuhaka, Takñaka, Käliya and Suseëa. Being
controlled by anger, they are addicted to material enjoyment
and bewildered. They enjoy themselves but constantly live in
fear of Garuòa, king of the birds.
Rasätala 0.01 0.076 The abode of Paëis (descendents of Diti and Danu) as well as
the Niväta-kavacas, Käleyas and Hiraëya-puraväsés. They are
all enemies of the devatäs, and reside in holes like snakes.
From birth they are extremely powerful and cruel, but their
strength and pride are always defeated by Sudarçana-cakraof
the Lord, who is auspicious for entire world.
Pätäla 0.01 0.086 The leaders of nagas such as Çaìkha, Kulika, Mahäçaìkha,
Çveta, Dhanaïjaya, Dhåtaräñöra, Çaìkhacüòa, Kambala,
Açvatara and Devadatta, headed by Väsuki reside here. They
have many hoods and are very envious. The shining jewels
fixed on five, seven, ten, a hundred or a thousand hoods, light
up the darkness of the caves of Pätäla with their effulgence.
Gap b/w
each loka
0.0005x6
= 0.003
0.089 The gaps between the seven nether worlds make a total of 3000
yojanas (500 yojanas in each case)

SB 5.25. The Glories of Lord Ananta
• SB 5.25.1-3: Abode and Activities of Lord Ananta
• SB 5.25.4-5: Beauty of Lord Anantadeva
• SB 5.25.6-15: Causeless mercy of Lord Anantadeva on conditioned
souls
SB 5.26. A Description of Hellish Planets
• SB 5.26.1: PM questions about why LEs put into material
situations?
• SB 5.26.2-3: The result of the activities decide their material
situations
• SB 5.26.4-5: The location of the Patala and Hellish planets
• SB 5.26.6: Activities of Yamaraja in Pitrloka
• SB 5.26.7-36: Descriptions of 28 hellish planets and punishments
• SB 5.26.37: Living entities movement from hell to heaven to earth
• SB 5.26.38-40: Result of hearing & speaking about Universal form

SB 5.25. The Glories of Lord Ananta
• Anantadeva, holder of the earth, the source of Rudra who destroys
the universe, an expansion of the Supreme Lord.
• Called tamasé because he is the supervisor of destruction, an activity
of tamas, but he is not a form composed of tamas.
• He is Saìkarñaëa because He draws together the enjoyer and the
object to be enjoyed, characterized by the conception of “I.”
• Devotees meditate upon Him as the presiding deity of ahaìkära in
order to become purified of the false conception of I and mine.
• This universe / kñiti-maëòalaà, situated on one of Lord Ananta's
thousands of hoods, appears just like a white mustard seed.
• When Ananta desires to destroy the entire creation, from between
his two moving eyebrows appears three-eyed Rudra, composed of
anger, with eleven expansions, carrying a raised trident.
• The independent Supreme Lord Ananta, possessing unlimited
powers and great qualities, situated below the lower planets, easily
supports the earth (kñmäm) for its continued existence.

Pitås:
• A sectoion of Pitås headed by Agiñvättäs reside beneath the 7 lower
planets, desiring virtuous blessings for their family members by
great concentration on the Lord.
• There, the king of the Pitås, s/o Vaivasvata, Yamaräja, along with
his followers, in obedience to the orders of the Lord, awards
unavoidable punishment for sin.
• This punishment is awarded according to the action performed by
the living beings who have been brought to his place after death by
his servants.
• By such frightening experience he makes the jévas turn towards the
Lord.

The Hellish Planets:
• These are situated in the intermediate space b/w the 3-worlds and the
Garbhodaka Ocean.
• They lie on the southern side of the universe, beneath the seven lower
planets, and slightly above the water of the Garbhodaka Ocean.
Science behind the Hellish Planets:
• Because of the faith of the doer arising from the three guëas, different
varieties of destinations for different varieties of actions appear.
• All these varieties of destinations appear for all people in proportion to
the guëas and the acts of adharma and dharma.
• By acting impiously one achieves different positions in hellish life.
• The destinations for performing acts out of desire caused by
beginningless ignorance are merely transformations of those desires,
with thousands of varieties (known as hells).
• In the kingdom of Yamaräja there are hundreds and thousands of hellish
planets (places of pain for the living entities), among them twenty-eight
hells are prominent.

Planet ∆H (MY)H (MY)Characteristics of the Planets and People over there
Pitrloka 0.01 0.099 Pitås headed by Agiñvättäs dwell here & Yamaräja awards
punishment to living beings according to their sinful acts.
Hellish
planets
0.00 0.099 The Hells are situated 99,000Y below the Earth (SB
3.30.24), in the intermediate space b/w 3-worlds &
Garbhodaka Ocean
Remaining
Earth
0.001 0.100 The earth extends still further below to a depth of 11,000
yojanas below Pätäla, and it is all rocky in nature.
Çeña Näga 0.100 0.200 This universe / kñiti-maëòalaà, situated on one of Lord
Ananta's thousands of hoods, appears just like a white
mustard seed.
Lifting one of his thousand hoods, he supports the
worlds above him so that the earth does not sink into
Garbhodhaka Ocean. Hence he is hailed as “Sarva loka
dhurandharah”.
Garbhodak
a Ocean
249.8 250 Made of Lord Garbhodakasayi Visnu’s sweat. Fills the
lower half of the universe. Lord sleeps on Ananta’s bed
on top of this great Ocean.
Universe’s
end
0 250 The lower end of the Universe (250MY below the sun
planet).

Planet ∆Hight (MY) Hight wrt Sun (MY)
Bhüvarloka: Places of enjoyment for the Yakñas, Räkñasas, Piçäcas, ghosts and so on.
Rähu 0.01 0.01
Siddha’s, Cäraëa’s & Vidyädhara’s 0.01 0.02
Yakña’s & Rakña’s 0.0799 0.0999
Bhüloka / Bhürloka
Bhü-mandala (Earthly - Jambüdvépa) 0.0001 (0.0) 0.1 (0.0)
Lower planetary systems - Bhü-vivaraù “in hollow cavities of the earth.”
Mount Meru 0.016 0.016
Atala 0.01 0.026
Vitala 0.01 0.036
Sutala 0.01 0.046
Talätala 0.01 0.056
Mahätala 0.01 0.066
Rasätala 0.01 0.076
Pätäla 0.01 0.086
Gap between each loka 0.003 (=0.0005x6) 0.089
Pitrloka 0.01 0.099
Hellish planets 0.00 0.099
Remaining Bhü-maëòala or Earth 0.001 0.100
Çeña Näga 0.10 0.200
Garbhodaka Ocean 249.8 250
Universe’s end 0 250

Planet ∆Hight (MY) Hight wrt Earth(MY)
Sun (Above Puskara Dvipa) 0 0
Earth (Jambhu-Dvipa) 0 0
Sumeru Mountain within Bhumandala 0.016 0.016
Atala + Gap 0.01+0.0005 0.0265
Vitala + Gap 0.01+0.0005 0.0370
Sutala + Gap 0.01+0.0005 0.0475
Talätala + Gap 0.01+0.0005 0.0580
Mahätala + Gap 0.01+0.0005 0.0685
Rasätala + Gap 0.01+0.0005 0.0790
Pätäla 0.01 0.0890
Pitrloka & the Residence of Yamaräja 0.01 0.0990
Hellish planets (Southern side of Pitrloka) 0.00 0.0990
Reminder of Bhü-maëòala or earth 0.001 0.1
Çeña Näga 0.1 (0.0) 0.2 (0.1)
Garbhodaka Ocean 249.8 250.0 (0.2 to 250)
Universe’s shell 0.0 250.0

Moon
28 nakshtras
Sun
RahuSiddhas, Vidyadharas, Caranas
Yaksas, Raksas
10,000 Yojana
200,000 Yojana
100 Yojana
10,000 Yojana
79,900 Yojana
10,000 Yojana
10,000 Yojana
10,000 Yojana
10,000 Yojana
10,000 Yojana
10,000 Yojana
10,000 Yojana
300,000 Yojana
200,000Yojana
200,000Yojana
200,000Yojana
200,000Yojana
200,000Yojana
100,000 Yojana
1,100,000Yojana
1,300,000Yojana
Mars
Saturn
Jupiter
Mercury
Venus
7 Stars
Dhruva
Maharloka
Janaloka
Tapoloka
Satyaloka
10,000,000 Yojana
20,000,000 Yojana
80,000,000 Yojana
120,000,000 Yojana
16,200,000 Yojana to Beginning covering of universe
Vitala
Sutala
Talatala
Mahatala
Rasatala
Patalaloka
Atala
100,000 Yojana
to Garbodaka Ocean Pitraloka
Hellish Planets
Total Height/ Width of Universe
From Top to Bottom
500,000,000 Yojana
260,200,000Yojana
Bhumandala
16,000 Yojana
14,000 Yojana
Bhuvarloka
Svargaloka
246,200,000Yojana
3,700,000Yojana
Depth of Garbhodaka Ocean
249,800,000 Yojanas from Sun
Brahman & Vaikuntha Planets
Spiritual World
Lokaloka Mountain Range
1/4 Radius Of Inner Shell
=127,500,000Yojana or
1 Billion miles
100,000Yojana

Understanding the Structure of the
Universe based on SB Canto5
Part3: The Movement of the Planets –
Vedic Planetarium
TRANSFORMATION

The Orbits of the Upper, Middle and Lower Planets:
SB 5.23.2-3: Just as bulls yoked together and tied to a central post to
thresh rice tread around that pivot without deviating from their
proper positions, so all the planets and luminaries, fixed in the
zodiac, revolve around the polestar in their respective orbits, some
higher and some lower, till the end of the kalpa, propelled by wind
(dakñiëävarta praväha or wind).
• Just as clouds or eagles, controlled by the wind, pushed by karma,
move about in the sky, so the planets, supported by matter and the
Lord, and moving by their past karmas, do not fall to the ground.
• The planets are fixed at lower and higher (antar-bahir-yogena)
positions in the zodiac belt and move in clockwise direction
keeping Mount Meru and Polestar to their right, being turned by
the parvartaka-pravaha wind.

The Orbits of the Upper, Middle and Lower Planets:
• “Why do they not fall from the sky?” Just as clouds float in the sky, the
planets also float in the sky being assisted by karma (Karma-särathayaù).
• The Polestar, established by the Lord, which is the pivot of all the
luminaries, planets and constellations, which are made to rotate
constantly around it by the inconceivable force of the Lord’s time energy,
shines constantly, without being moved by the wheel of time (zodiac).

Zodiac Belt (kälacakra-gata):
SB 5.22.3-5: The original cause of the cosmic manifestation, the
Supreme Lord, Näräyaëa, divided Himself into twelve forms and six
seasons for purifying the activities of the people, and he arranged
the qualities of the seasons for enjoyment according to their karma.
• This form of the Lord is known as kälacakra-gata or Time-wheel,
in which the Chariot of Sun travels in a orbit known as samvatsara.
• This wheel has twelve spokes, six rims, and three hubs.
• The twelve spokes are 12 months, the six rims are 6 seasons & the
three hubs are the 3 sets of four months or the seasons
corresponding to Uttaräyana, Visuväyana and Daksinäyana.
• The sun, soul of worlds, situated in the zodiac belt in the antarikña
between heaven and earth, enjoys twelve months, indicated by the
names of zodiac signs, which are limbs of the year.
• This means through time the Supreme Lord regulates our actions
and the experience of different seasons.

The Constellations or Nakñaträs:
• The constellations, twenty-eight in number with Abhijit, are being
inspired by the Lord move in Clockwise direction around Mout
Meru on the wheel of time at a distance of 0.3MY above the moon.
• They do not have a different motion, but move clockwise along
with the Time wheel.
• Abhijit constellation is composed of the last part of Äñäòhä and the
first part of Çravaëä constellations.
• Each constellation is consisting of four daëòas or four padas.
• A brief description of the 27 / 28 Constallations in the Zodiac Belt
and their position in the Çiçumära Planetary Systems is given below:

Leo / Simha
Magha 1-2-3-4
Purva Phalg 1-2-3-4
Uttara Phalguni 1
Cancer / Karka
Punarvasu 4
Pushya 1-2-3-4
Aslesha 1-2-3-4
Gemini / Mithuna
Punarvasu 1-2-3
Arudra 1-2-3-4
Mirgasira 3-4
Taurus / Rishabha
Mirgasira 1-2
Rohini 1-2-3-4
Krithika 2-3-4
Virgo / Kanya
Uttara phalg 2-3-4
Hasta 1-2-3-4
Chitra 1-2
Numbers (1-2-3-4) are pada or part.
Each part is 3 1/3 degree
Each Constellation is 13 1/3 degree
Each Zodiac sign has 2.25 Constellations
or 9 Padas of 3 constellations
Sun: Crosses each Zodiac in 1 month &
each Constellation in 13.5 days
Moon: Crosses each Zodiac in 2.47 days
& each Constellation in 1.096days
Aries / Mesha
Krithika 1
Barani 1-2-3-4
Aswini 1-2-3-4
Libra / Tula
Chitra 3-4
Swati 1-2-3-4
Visaka 1-2-3
Pisces / Meena
Revathi 1-2-3-4
Uttrabadra 1-2-3-4
Purvabadra 4
Scorpio / Rischika
Visaka 4
Anuradha1-2-3-4
Jyeshta 1-2-3-4
Sagittarius / Dhanu
Moola 1-2-3-4
Purvashada1-2-3-4
Uttarashada 1
Capricorn / Makara
Dhanishta 1-2
Sravana 1-2-3-4
Uttarashada 2-3-4
Aquarius / Kumbha
Purvabadra 1-2-3
Satabisha 1-2-3-4
Dhanista 3-4

SB 5.21.3-11: Movement of Sun through the zodiac, its
rising & setting
• Situated in the middle of the antarékña, the sun, master of
heat, heats up and lights up the three worlds by its light.
• The circumference of the Mänasottara Mountain on
which the Sun revolves is about 95.1MY (2* pi*R ~=
2*3*15.85 MY = 95.1 MY).
• Radius of Mänasottara is 15.75MY. The path of the sun’s
chariot is 0.2MY wide. Thus the radius till the middle of
Sun’s path: 15.85MY

SB 5.21.7-12: Understanding the movement of Sun:
• From Devadhäné, the residence of Indra, in the east, the
sun travels to Saàyamané, the residence of Yamaräja, (in
south) then to Nimlocané, the residence of Varuëa (in
west), from there to Vibhävaré, the residence of the moon-
god (in north), and from there again to the residence of
Indra (in East).
• In a similar way, the moon, along with the other stars and
planets, becomes visible in the zodiac belt and then sets.
• The chariot of the sun-god, meant for worship, travels
through the four residences in his orbit through a
circumference of 95.1MY on the circle of the earth above
Mänasottara Mountain continuously.

Bhü-maëòala: 7
islands
Mänasottara Mountain – the orbit of Sun
EW
N
S
Sun
Time
Devadhäné, the
residence of Indra
Saàyamané, the
residence of Yamaräja
Nimlocané, the
residence of Varuëa
Vibhävaré, the residence
of the moon-god
SB 5.21.7-12: The perception of Day & Night
• When the Sun is in the Eastern direction of Meru, then those who reside on the South of
Meru perceive Sunrise, on West Midnight, on the East Midday and on North Sunset.
• When it rises (First sight of the sun) in one city, it sets at the city diametrically opposite.
• When it shines with perspiration at noon, it is midnight at the city diametrically opposite.
• Those who see the sun set and rise do not see where it has gone in the interim.
• For the people on top of the Meru, the sun give heat at all times (around 6 months), being
situated at midday.

SB 5.22.1-2: Understanding the movement of Sun w.r.t. the Time-wheel
• The Sun-god proceeds with Sumeru and Dhruvaloka on both his left
and right simultaneously: How?
• Just as the motion of ants on a potter’s wheel moving in the opposite
direction from the rotation of the wheel is different from that of the
wheel
• The motion of the planets and sun moving with Time-wheel (in CWD)
around Meru and Dhruva as seen by the stars is different from the
movement of the wheel of time, since they can be observed moving in
different constellations and zodiac signs (in the opposite direction).
• Though the sun keeps Meru on its left (savyena) with relation to the
moving constellations, being turned by the parvartaka-pravaha wind,
he keeps Meru to his right on a daily basis, under the control of zodiac
belt.
• Being forced by wind blowing to the right (from purva to daksina), the
sun moves to the right (SB 5.21.8-9).

Bhü-maëòala: 7
islands
Mänasottara Mountain – the orbit of Sun
EW
N
SSun w.r.t
Timewhee
Time Wheel
Sun Chariot
SB 5.21.8-9: Though the sun moves from east to west in the sky from our
point of view, in relation to the zodiac and other stars, the sun appears to
move from Aries to Taurus, & to other signs in the opposite direction.
Thus the sun can be said to moving CCW as well as CW.

SB 5.22.5-7: Calculation of Day-Night, Months, Seasons and Years
• One month is two fortnights by lunar calculation, which is a day
and night for the Pitås (27 to 29.5 days), or the time it takes the sun
to pass through one Zodiac sign or two and a quarter constellations
(29 to 31 days).
• Passing two months Sun enjoys a season. Similarly passing through
12 months the sun enjoys 6 seasons (or 1 year).
• The time to move over half the zodiac belt is called an ayana (a
period of six months).
• Thus being situated in the zodiac belt (käla-cakra-gataù) between
heaven and earth in the antarikña (nabho-valayasya) the Sun enjoys
months and seasons.
• The moon, situated 100,000 yojanas above the rays of the sun,
moving with quicker speed, covers the sun’s year in two fortnights,
its month in two and half days and its fortnight in one day. The
Moon is composed of sixteen phases in total.

Time Wheel – The Zodiac Belt
Rāśi - Saura Māsa
( Zodiac)
Calender
Months
Rtu
(Season)
Constallations Lunar Month 2013 2014 2015
Dhanu
(Sagittarius)
16 Dec - 14
Jan Hemanta
(winter)
Moola 1-2-3-4
Purvashada1-2-3-4
Uttarashada 1
Margasirsa 11Feb-11Mar 31 Jan - 1 Mar 12 Dec - 10 Jan
Makara
(Capricornus)
15 Jan - 12
Feb
Uttarashada 2-3-4
Sravana 1-2-3-4
Dhanishta 1-2
Pausya 12Mar-10Apr 2 Mar - 30 Mar 11 Jan - 8 Feb
Kumbha
(Aquarius)
13 Feb - 14
Mar
Śiśira
(preverna
l)
Dhanista 3-4
Satabisha 1-2-3-4
Purvabadra 1-2-3
Magha 11Feb-11Mar 31 Jan - 1 Mar 21 Jan - 18 Feb
Mīna (Pisces) 15 Mar - 13
Apr
Purvabadra 4
Uttrabadra 1-2-3-4
Revathi 1-2-3-4
Phalguna 12Mar-10Apr 2 Mar - 30 Mar 19 Feb - 20 Mar
Meña (Aries) 14 Apr - 14
May Vasanta
(spring)
Aswini 1-2-3-4
Barani 1-2-3-4
Krithika 1
Chaitra 11Apr-9May 31 Mar - 29 Apr 21 Mar - 18 Apr
Våñabha (Taurus) 15 May - 14
Jun
Krithika 2-3-4
Rohini 1-2-3-4
Mirgasira 1-2
Vaishaka 10 May-8Jun 30 Apr - 28 May 19 Apr - 18 May
Mithuna
(Gemini)
15 Jun - 16
July
Grīñma
(summer
)
Mirgasira 3-4
Arudra 1-2-3-4
Punarvasu 1-2-3
Jyaistha 9 Jun – 8July 29 May – 27 Jun 19 May – 16 Jun
Karka (Cancer) 17 July – 17
Aug
Punarvasu 4
Pushya 1-2-3-4
Aslesha 1-2-3-4
Extra Asada
Normal Asada
9 July- 6 Aug 28 Jun - 26 July 17 Jun - 16 July
17 July - 14 Aug
Simha (Leo) 18 Aug - 17
Sept
Varçā
(monsoo
n)
Magha 1-2-3-4
Purva Phalg 1-2-3-4
Uttara Phalguni 1
Sravana 7 Aug -5 Sept 27 July - 25 Aug 15 Aug - 13 Sept
Kanya (Virgo) 18 Sept - 17
Oct
Uttara phalg 2-3-4
Hasta 1-2-3-4
Chitra 1-2
Bhadrapada 6 Sept - 4 Oct26 Aug - 24 Sept 14 Sept - 12 Oct
Tulä (Libra) 18 Oct - 16
Nov Śarad
(autumn)
Chitra 3-4
Swati 1-2-3-4
Visaka 1-2-3
Aswina 5 Oct - 3 Nov 25 Sept - 23 Oct 13 Oct - 11 Nov
Våçcika
(Scorpius)
17 Nov - 15
Dec
Visaka 4
Anuradha1-2-3-4
Jyeshta 1-2-3-4
Kartika 4 Nov- 2 Dec 24 Oct - 22 Nov 12 Nov - 11 Dec

SB 5.22.8-10: The Moon
As seen from the Top:

SB 5.22.8-10: The Moon: As seen from the Front

SB 5.22.7: Orbital Years of Different Planets:
The time it takes for the sun to pass completely through the antarikña along with
earth plane and heavenly planes, with slow, quick and medium speeds, is called
saàvatsara, parivatsara, iòävatsa, anuvatsara, and vatsara.
SB 3.11.14: Definition of Orbital Years of Different Planets
saàvatsaraù parivatsara iòä-vatsara eva ca
anuvatsaro vatsaraç ca viduraivaà prabhäñyate
The sun’s full revolution through the zodiac belt is called a saàvatsara. The full
revolution of Jupiter through the zodiac is called parivatsara. The year for twenty-
seven constellations is called a vatsara. The lunar year is called an anuvatsara.
The remaining constellations have a year called idä-vatsara.
Name of the orbit Time period in terms of Earthly Calculations
Samvatsara 1 year of Sun One year for the sun is called a saàvatsara (365.25 days)
Parivatsara 1 year of Brhaspati
(Jupiter)
One year for Jupiter is called a parivatsara (11.87 years):
11.87 years or 12*360 days (4320days).
Anuvatsara 1 year of Moon 327.6 days = 27.3*12 (A lunar year is twelve lunar months
from full moon to full moon: 12*29.59 = 355 days)
Vatsara 12 months of 27
Constellations
324 days: Since there is no separate orbital motion, their time
is measured using the moon’s movements (12*27 days)
Idä-vatsara 1 year of Stars or
Other Constellations
Because of there is no measuring system in relation to the
remaining constellations, they have a year called idä-vatsara
with solar months of thirty days (total of 12*30 = 360 days)

Nava-
Grahas
Angular
Speed
(degree/day)
Ratio
w.r.t
Sun
Time to complete
all Zodiac
Time for
one Zodiac
Remarks
Shani
Saturn
1/30 0.0333 10800 days
(30 years)
900 days
(2.5 years)
Slowest moving of the 9
planets
Guru
Jupiter
1/12 0.0833 4320 days
(12 years)
360 days
(1 year)
Mangala
Mars
2/3 0.667 540 days
(1.5 years)
45 days
(1.5 month)
Budha
Mercury
1 1 360 days
(1 year)
30 days
(1 month)
Always with in 27 degrees
from sun
Shukra
Venus
1 1 360 days
(1 year)
30 days
(1 month)
Always within 48 degrees of
the sun
Chandra
Moon
13 13 27 days
(1 month)
2.25 days Fastest moving of the 9
planets
Surya
Sun
1 1 360 days
(1 year)
30 days
(1 month)
Rahu
D Head
1/18 0.0556 6480 days
(18 years)
540 days
(1.5 years)
North Node or Dragons Head
Ketu
D Tail
1/18 0.0556 6480 days
(18 years)
540 days
(1.5 years)
Ketu is always in the opposite
sign to Rahu (South Node or
Dragons Tail)
SB 5.22.11-17: Movements of the Stars & Other Planets above the Moon

Sun Moon Venus Mercury Mars Jupitor Rahu Ketu Saturn
Capricorn-
Makara
14/1/15,22:52
20/1/15,
8:57
30-12-2014 01-01-2015 18-12-2012
09-12-2008
30-07-2009
05-12-2026 17-08-2017
20-03-1990
14-12-1990
Acquariou
s-Kumbha
13/2/15,11:49
22/1/15,
8:49
23/1/15, 2:00 09-03-2015 25-01-2013
01-05-2009
19-12-2009
18-05-2025 29-01-2016
05-03-1993
09-11-1993
Pisces-
Meena
15/3/15,8:33
24/1/15,
9:14
16/2/15, 7:53 28-03-2015 04-03-2013
01-05-2010
05-12-2010
30-10-2023 12-07-2014
01-06-1995
16-02-1996
Aries-Meña14/4/15,16:41
26/1/15,
11:48
12/3/15, 19:38 12-04-2015 12-04-2013 08-05-201112-04-2022 23-12-2012 17-04-1998
Taurus-
Våñabha
15/5/15,12:44
28/1/15,
17:12
6/4/15, 19:03 27-04-2015 23-05-2013 16-05-201222-09-2020 06-06-2011 06-06-2000
Gemini-
Mithuna
15/6/15,18:01
31/1/15,
1:17
2/5/15, 17:40 05-07-2015 05-07-2013 30-05-201306-03-2019 16-11-2009
22-07-2002
07-04-2003
Cancer-
Karka
17/7/15,3:24
2/2/15,
11:28
30/5/15, 16:16
13/8/15, 10:24
20-07-2015 19-08-2013 18-06-201417-08-2017 29-04-2008
05-09-2004
25-05-2005
Leo-Simha 17/8/15,10:37
4/2/15,
23:17
5/7/15, 9:46
1/10/15, 13:35
04-08-2015 05-10-2013 13-07-201529-01-2016 11-10-2006
31-10-2006
15-07-2007
Virgo-
Kanya
17/9/15,9:49
7/2/15,
12:09
3/11/15, 10:48 23-08-2015
29-11-2013
25-03-2014
11-08-201612-07-2014 24-03-2005 09-09-2009
Libra-Tulä 17/10/15,21:26
10/2/15,
00:47
30/11/15,
10:55
29-10-2015
04-02-2014
14-07-2014
11-09-201723-12-2012 05-09-2003
14-11-2011
03-08-2012
Scorpio-
Våçcika
16/9/15,21:07
12/2/15,
11:08
25/12/15,
16:49
17-11-2015 05-09-2014
11-10-2018
22-04-2019
06-06-2011 16-02-2002 02-11-2014
Sagittariou
s-Dhanu
16/12/15,11:46
14/2/15,
17:37
19-01-16, 6:10
6/12/15
14/1/16,15:09
18-10-2014
29-03-2019
04-11-2019
16-11-2009 30-07-2000
26-01-2017
26-10-2017
Capricorn-
Makara
15/1/16,1:17
16/2/15,
20:05
12-02-16,
14:39
26/12/15
9/2/16,2:59
27-11-2014
29-03-2020
19-11-2020
29-04-2008 11-01-1999 23-01-2020
Acquariou
s-Kumbha
13-02-2016,
14:26
18/2/15,
19:57
07-03-2016,
20:55
02-03-2016,
00:00
5/1/15, 00:21 20-11-2021 11-10-2006 24-06-1997
28-04-2022
17-01-2023
Total
Years
1 year 27 days 404 Days 360 days 23 months
11 years
4 months
18 years
7months
18 years
7months
29 years
10months
Years/Sign 1 month 2.25 days 34 days 30 days 57 days 11.3month 1.55 years 1.55 years 2.5 years

Sun Moon Venus Mercury Mars Jupitor Rahu Ketu Saturn
Capricorn-
Makara
15-01-2016,
1:17
16/2/15,
20:05
12-02-2016,
14:39
26/12/15
9/2/16,2:59
27-11-2014
29-03-2020
19-11-2020
29-04-2008 11-01-1999 23-01-2020
Acquariou
s-Kumbha
13-02-2016,
14:26
18/2/15,
19:57
07-03-2016,
20:55
2/3/16,00:00 5/1/15, 00:21 20-11-2021 11-10-2006 24-06-1997
28-04-2022
17-01-2023
Pisces-
Meena
14-03-2016,
11:08
20/2/15,
19:15
01-04-2016,
3:10
19-03-2016,
4:27
12/2/15,
15:04
13-04-2022 24-03-2005 05-12-1995 29-03-2025
Aries-Meña
13-04-2016,
19:37
22/2/15,
20:01
25-04-2016,
10:36
03-04-2016,
3:33
23/3/15,
22:01
21-04-2023 05-09-2003 18-05-1994
02-06-2027
23-02-2028
Taurus-
Våñabha
14-05-2016,
16:29
24/2/15,
22:46
19-05-2016,
19:30
08-06-2016,
9:40
3/5/15, 23:20 01-05-2024 16-02-2002 29-10-1992
08-08-2029
16-04-2030
Gemini-
Mithuna
14-06-2016,
23:04
27/2/15,
07:01
13-06-2016,
5:20
27-06-2016,
7:54
16/6/15, 1:28 14-05-2025 30-07-2000 12-04-1991 30-05-2032
Cancer-
Karka
16-07-2016,
9:56
01/03/15,
7:37
07-07-2016,
15:17
11-07-2016,
9:34
31/7/15, 2:30 18-10-2025 11-01-1999 23-09-1989 12-07-2034
Leo-Simha
16-08-2016,
18:20
04/03/15,
5:26
01-08-2016,
1:08
27/7/16,6:56
9/9/16,18:12
15/9/15,
19:35
30-10-2026
28-02-2028
24-06-1997 06-03-1988 27-08-2036
Virgo-
Kanya
16-09-2016,
18:16
6/3/15,
18:20
25-08-2016,
11:33
19/8/16,16:52
3/10/16,17:46
3/11/15,
10:06
26-11-2027
29-03-2029
05-12-1995 18-08-1986
22-10-2038
12-07-2039
Libra-Tulä
17-10-2016,
6:14
9/3/15, 6:50
18-09-2016,
23:49
21-10-2016,
14:06
24/12/15,8:34
18/6/16,11:12
26-12-2028
01-05-2030
18-05-1994 29-01-1985
27-01-2041
25-09-2041
Scorpio-
Våçcika
16-11-2016,
6:03
11/3/15,
17:41
13-10-2016,
15:16
09-11-2016,
00:28
20/2/16,14:54
12/7/16, 4:21
24-01-2030
13-06-2031
29-10-1992 13-07-1983
11-12-2043
29-08-2044
Sagittariou
s-Dhanu
15-12-2016,
20:42
14/3/15,
1:31
07-11-2016,
11:49
28-11-2016,
21:59
18-09-2016,
6:16
17-02-2031
15-10-2031
12-04-1991 23-12-1981 07-12-2046
Capricorn-
Makara
15-01-2016,
01:17
16/3/15,
5:47
02-12-2016,
18:34
01-11-2016,
7:44
05-03-2032 23-09-1989 05-06-1980
06-03-2049
03-12-2049
Total
Years
1 year 27.3 days 294 days 360 days 23 months
12 years
18 years
7months
18 years
7months
29 years
10months
Years/Sign 1 month 2.25 days 24.5 days 30 days 57 days 12month 1.55 years 1.55 years 2.5 years

Planets &
Stars
Vangular
(0/day)
Time of 1
Zodiac-belt
Speed –
Rev/Year
Teeth
Required
Aprox
Teeth
Vapprox
(rev/yr)
VError
(rev/yr)
Remarks
Dhruvaloka 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 Fixed
Heaven 0 0 366 365
365 366
0 Time-wheel
Sapta-Rsis 0 0 366 365 0 Time-wheel
Shani (Saturn) 1/30 30 years 364.9667 366.033 -1.033 Time-wheel
Guru (Jupiter) 1/12 12 years 364.9167 366.084 -1.083 Time-wheel
Mangala-Mars 2/3 1.5 years 364.333 366.67 -1.667 Time-wheel
Budha-
Mercury
1 1 year 365 366 -1 Time-wheel
Shukra-Venus 1 1 year 365 366 -1 Time-wheel
Constallations 0 0 366 365 0 Time-wheel
Chandra-
Moon
12 1 month 352.667 378.799 378 353.413 -0.746 Fastest
Surya (Sun) 1 1 year 365 366 366 365 0
Time Wheel 0 0 366 365
365 366
0 Time-wheel
Rahu (Head) 1/18 18 years 364.944 366.056 -1.056 Time-wheel
Ketu (Tail) 1/18 18 years 364.944 366.056 -1.056 Time-wheel
Bhu-Mandala 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 Fixed

Planets
CCW
Speed
CW
Speed
Aprox
Teeth
Gear1
Teeth1
Gear2
Teeth2
Gear2
Teeth3
Speed w.r.t. the speed of
the Handle
(Revolutions/year)
Rev/year Number 1 61 1113.25
Time
Wheel
0 366 365 73 5 24 0.328 20.055 366
Sun 1 365 366 61 6 20 0.328 20 365
Moon
(Actual)
13.333 352.667378.799 63.133 6 20 0.317 19.324 352.667
Moon
(Aprox)
12.5873353.413 378 63 6 20 0.317 19.365 353.4127
Stars 0 366 365 73 5 24 0.328 20.055 366
Note1: 13.333 rev/year CCW Speed indicates that in a year Moon completes 12.333
reverse revolutions w.r.t Sun (13.333 reverse revolutions w.r.t. Time-wheel, with 29.6
days/rev), which further indicates that in 3 years moon has one extra month (37
revolutions).
Note2: According to approximate reading the Moon completes 11.5873 reverse
revolutions in a year w.r.t. Sun (12.5873 revolutions w.r.t. Time-wheel, with 31.5
days/rev). Thus there is an error of 1.9 days per month in Moon’s revolution.

Understanding of Uttarayana, Daksinayana and Eclipses:
• SB 5.24.2: The sun globe, which is a source of heat, extends for
10,000 yojanas. The moon extends for 20,000 yojanas, and Rāhu
extends for 30,000 yojanas.
• This extension of sun globe by 10,000 yojanas causes uttarayana,
daksinayana and visuvayana (line of equator).
• SB 5.24.1-3: Formerly, when nectar was being distributed, Rāhu
tried to create dissension between the sun and moon by
interposing himself between them.
• SB 5.24.1-3: Rāhu is inimical toward both the sun and the moon,
and therefore he always tries to cover the sunshine and moonshine
on the dark-moon day and full-moon night. This is called as
Eclipse.

20,000 yojanas
10,000
yojanas
30,000 yojanas
EARTH
RAHU MOON
SUN
Understanding of Uttarayana, Daksinayana and Eclipses:

KALA CAKRA - THE TIME WHEEL (242 - 256)
• SB clearly points out how the Time Wheel is lifted and lowered when it
speaks of ‘Udagayana, Daksinayana & Vaisuvadayana’.
• Vishuvad rekha means the Equator. This also suggests that Bharata
Khanda is indeed globular in shape.
• The same SB Canto 5 tells us about the extensions of 'Candra mandala'
and 'Rahu mandala' saying that the extension in the case of the Sun,
Moon & Rahu are 10,000, 20,000 & 30,000 yojanas respectively.
• The extension of the sun's course is 5000 yojanas to the north of the
celestial Equator and 5000 yojanas to the south of it.
• Similarly, to keep pace with the sun in the northern and the southern
courses, the extension of the moon's course is 10,000 yojanas up and
10,000 yojanas down, and the extension of Rahu's course is 15,000 north
and 15,000 south. (Some say it is 20,000 and 20,000 - 'dviguna').
• Apart from the annual northern and southern courses, the moon has also
northern and southern courses every fortnight. This may be seen by any
one by observing the moon's position in the sky night after night.

• To make daylight in the other part of the universe, he followed the
orbit of the sun-god on a brilliant chariot in seven circles for one
year.
• He had seven chariots each with one wheel, by the power of his
yoga.
• He made larger and larger chariots in succession, each one twice
the size of the previous one, traveling higher and higher so that the
inhabitants of his city in Äryävarta could see his chariot even at a
great distance.
• Because the wheels of each chariot were broader than the previous
ones, the oceans were successively broader.
• He rode in each of these seven chariots for 25 days and 45.5
ghaöikas each (totaling half a year: 25.76*7 = 180.3 days), starting
with the summer equinox (Karka sankranti, July), with the sun
gradually descending until Pauña month (Jan).
SB 5.1.31PP SVCT: Troughs created by Priyavrata’s chariot wheels
produced seven oceans, from which seven continents were formed

• Then again starting from the winter equinox (Makara sankranti,
Jan), he would travel until the cycle was completed, with the same
number of days fixed, but with the opposite order of chariots, with
the sun gradually ascending until Añaòha month (July).
• As the sun traveled around Meru clockwise along with the
dependent zodiac, it gradually increased in speed, and thus:
– the days after the summer equinox (Karka sankranti, July)
become shorter each month, and from
– the winter equinox (Makara sankranti, Jan) the sun gradually
slowed down and the days become longer.
• “Seven times” in the previous verse means that he traveled in seven
chariots in the manner described above.
SB 5.1.31PP SVCT: Troughs created by Priyavrata’s chariot wheels
produced seven oceans, from which seven continents were formed

Linga Purana - Chapter 2 (Adhyaya 54), text 12-14
• As the Sun’s chariot moves in orbits, during Daksinayana, the two
ropes held by Dhruva are loosened and they become longer. During
Uttarayana, Dhruva pulls the ropes up and they become shorter.
Thus the chariot is dragged into the inner tracks.
• There are 180 circles between the two extreme ends (between the
north and south).
• During Uttarayana: (Day after day for 180 days)
– Radious of the Orbit (r): Decreases;
– Circumference of the Orbit (2πr): Decreases;
– Speed of the Sun (2πr/24hours): Decreases;
• During Daksinayana: (Day after day for 180 days)
– Radious of the Orbit (r): Increases;
– Circumference of the Orbit (2πr): Increases;
– Speed of the Sun (2πr/24hours): Increases;
References From Puranic cosmology

Vishnu Purana – Chapter 9 (Amsa 2; Adhyaya 10), text 1 & PP by
Sridhara Svami
• There are 180 circular paths the Sun traverses in a year between the
two directions.
• There are 180 orbits b/w the north and the south which the Sun
covers during a year by his elevated and inclined rate of movement.
• When Dhruva pulls the two ropes tied to the end of the yoke
during Uttarayana, every day the Sun moves toward the inner orbit
which is elevated more than the previous one.
• During Daksinayana, when Dhruva loosens the two ropes, every
day the sun slips into the outer orbit which is inclined to the
previous orbit. This is stated in the Matsya Purana.
• During Uttarayana Period:
– Track radius gradually decreases daily -> chariot's speed decreases daily
• During Daksinayana Period:
– Track radius gradually increases daily -> chariot's speed increases daily

Vayu Purana – Chapter 16 (Adhyaya 50), text 122-140
• As the Sun reaches the end of southern course (far end of
Daksinayana) by the month of Magha (Jan), he covers 94.5MY
during a Day. Then the diameter of his orbit is 31.5MY (R:
15.75MY)
• When he starts his northern course and comes to Vishuva (the
equinox points: April & Oct), he moves in the north side of the
milk ocean, in a circle of diameter equal to 38.1MY
• When he reaches the maximum point in the north during his stay
in Sravana (Julay), he will be moving in the northern regions of the
sixth island Sakadvipa. Then the diameter of his orbit is 23.8MY (R:
11.9MY)
• The distance b/w the tracks (180) to the extreme north and extreme
south is 0.343MY
• The distance b/w the extreme points and lekhas both in the south
and north is 7.175MY

Vayu Purana – Chapter 16 (Adhyaya 50), text 122-140, 189-204
• The Sun always moves in the inner circles during Uttarayana and
outer circles during Daksinayana, with a magnitude of 21,221
yojanas each in diameter.
• 189-194: The Sun will be on the Vishuvata peak on the day of
equinoxes, thus rendering both day and night equal.
• 195-197: On the day of equinoxes, at the end of Mesa (April) and
Tula (Oct) months, both the day and night will be 15 muhurtas
each.
• When Surya is in the 1st quarter of Krttika (Mesa), Chandra will be
in the last quarter of Vishaka. When Surya is in Vishaka (Tula), 3rd
quarter, Chandra will be in the 4th quarter of Krttika.
• 201-202: Uttarayana: Magha – Ashada; Dakshinayana: Shravana –
Pusha.
• 203-204: The Vishuva is common to all the Places, Islands and
Varsas.

SB 5.21.3-6: Movement of sun through Uttaräyaëa & Dakñiëäyana
• During uttaräyaëa, by slow speed while ascending in the sky and
passing time, the sun moves through six zodiac signs starting from
Capricorn, making the days gradually longer and the nights shorter.
• Uttrayana: Capricorn (Makara) to Gemini (Mithuna) - the duration
of the days increases every month
• During dakñiëäyana, moving with quick speed and descending, the
sun moves through six zodiac signs starting from Cancer, making
the days shorter and the nights longer.
• Daksinayana: Cancer (Karkataka) to Sagittarius (Dhanur) - the
duration of the days decreases every month
• By moving at medium speed during the equinox periods with days
and nights equal, the sun moves through Aries and Libra.
• Complete equality will only take place on one day & night of a
year.

SB 5.21.3-6: Movement of sun through uttaräyaëa & dakñiëäyana
• When the sun moves in Taurus and the 5 following signs, the days
increase in length (Taurus, Gemini, & Cancer) and then decrease
every month (Leo, Virgo, & Libra) by a ghaöikä (24 minutes)
• While passing through 5 signs beginning with Scorpio, the duration
of the days decreases until Capricorn (Scorpio, Sagittarious &
Capricorn), and then gradually increases (Acquarious, Pisces, &
Aries) until day & night become equal in Aries
• Until the sun travels on the southern course (Capricorn,
Acquarious, Pisces, Aries, Taurus, Gemini) the days grow longer
• Until it travels to the northern course (Cancer, Leo, Virgo, Libra,
Scorpio, Sagittarious), the nights grow longer.

SUN
Start of Uttarayana (15th January - Makara Sankranti)
North Pole: Mid Night
0 Hr – Day; 24 Hr – Night;
South Pole: Mid Day
Line of Equator:
12 Hr – Day; 12 Hr – Night;EARTH
Visuvayana1 (17th April - Mesa Sankranti)
North Pole: Sun rise: 12 Hr – Day; 12 Hr - Night
1 day Before: 0 Hr - Day; 24 Hr - Night
1 Day After: 24 Hr - Day; 0 Hr - Night
Line of Equator:
12 Hr – Day; 12 Hr – Night; SUN
SouthPole: Sun set: 12 Hr – Day; 12 Hr - Night
EARTH
SB 5.21.3-6: The movement of sun through uttaräyaëa and dakñiëäyana:

SUN
Start of Daksinayana (17th July - Karka Sankranti)
North Pole: Mid Day
South Pole: Mid Night
Line of Equator:
12 Hr – Day; 12 Hr – Night;EARTH
Visuvayana2 (16th October - Tula Sankranti)
North Pole: Sun set: 12 Hr – Day; 12 Hr - Night
Line of Equator:
12 Hr – Day; 12 Hr – Night; SUN
South Pole: Sun riset: 12 Hr – Day; 12 Hr - Night
EARTH

End of Daksinayana (14th January - Makara Sankranti)
North Pole: Mid night:
0 Hr – Day; 24 Hr - Night
Line of Equator:
SUN
South Pole: Mid day:
EARTH
Uttarayana (In between 15th January and 17th April)
North Pole: Night
Line of Equator: 12 Hr – Day; 12 Hr – Night;
SUN
SouthPole: Day
EARTH

End of Daksinayana (14th January - Makara Sankranti)
North Pole: Mid night:
Line of Equator:
SUN
South Pole: Mid day:
EARTH

Different speeds of the Sun as given in SB:
Speed of the Sun S(MY/hr) C (MY) R (MY)
Speed1 in SB.5.21.10: Distance traveled by
Sun in 15 ghaṭikās (6 hours) is 23.775 MY
3.9625 95.1 15.8500
Speed2 in SB.5.21.12: Distance that Sun
travels through four residences of
Demigods in a muhūrta (48 minutes) is
3,400,800 Yojanas.
4.251 102.024 17.0040
Speed3 in SB.5.21.19: Distance covered by
Sun in the orbit through Bhū-maṇḍala in a
moment or kñaëa (1.6sec) is 2000.5yojanas
4.501125 108.027 18.0045
S: Sun chariot’s Speed (MY/hour)
C: Distance travelled in 24 hours (C = S*24 MY)
R: Radius of Sun chariot’s path (R = C/(2*pi) = C/6 MY)

Jun-30 Sep-30 Dec-30 Mar-30
Sunrise Sunset Sunrise Sunset Sunrise Sunset Sunrise Sunset
Cape Horn
(SA: -55 & 68)
09:00 15:55 07:00 19:40 04:40 22:20
6:55 Hrs 12:40 Hrs 17:40 Hrs
Bahia Blanca,
Argentina (-40, 70)
08:28 17:58 06:45 19:15 05:45 20:35 07:25 19:00
9:30 Hrs 12:30 Hrs 14:50 Hrs 11:35
Cape town
(SA: -35, 25)
07:51 17:51 06:20 18:50 05:40 20:00 07:00 18:45
10 hrs 12:30 Hrs 14:20 Hrs 11:45 Hrs
Singapore
(LOE: 1, 110)
07:00 19:10 06:52 18:58 07:06 19:08 07:06 19:13
12:10 Hrs 12;06 Hrs 12;02 hrs 12:07 Hrs
Mumbai
(20, 70)
06:04 19:20 06:28 18:28 07:11 18:11 06:30 18:50
13:16 Hrs 12 Hrs 11 Hrs 12:20 Hrs
Greenland
(75, 45)
(Sept-25: 12 Hrs
day)
Full day 08:00 18:50 Full night 06:10 21:10
24 Hrs 10:50 Hrs 0 Hrs 15 Hrs

Earth’s Axis of Rotation: The tilt of the earth (23.5º from the perpendicular)
significantly affects the weather for the following reasons - The Equator receives
more concentrated solar energy than the poles. As one moves from the equator
towards the poles, the angle of the sun becomes lower meaning less solar energy is
received for a given area. In addition, ice and snow at the poles reflect a lot of energy
Earths seasons: During the earth’s one year cycle around the Sun, those locations
tilted towards the Sun experience summer whilst those tilted away winter.

The Concept of Eclipse: Vedic Vs. Modern

SB 5.20-26: Conclusion
SB 5.26.37: Living entities movement from hell to heaven
to earth:-
• The impious people must enter into various hellish
planets according to the degree of their sin.
• The pious enter into Svarga according to the degree of
their piety.
• But both the pious and impious are again brought to
earth (Bhärata-varña), by the remaining results of dharma
and adharma.
• Again they come to earth, since this is the place where
dharma and adharma accrue and Liberation is achieved.

SB 5.20-26: Phala-sruti
SB 5.26.38: Result of hearing and speaking about Universal form:
• If one reads the description of Lord’s external form with great
faith, or if one hears about it or explains it to others, he develops
faith, bhakti, pure intelligence, and understand the topic of the
Supreme Lord, which is like an Upaniñad, difficult to understand.
• After hearing about the gross and subtle forms of the Lord, the
renunciate, just as he leads the controlled mind by the intelligence
to Lord’s gross form, leads the mind to subtle form of the Lord.
• This amazing gross body of the Lord, consisting earth, islands,
varñas, rivers, mountains, sky and oceans, the lower planetary
systems, the directions, the hellish planetary systems and the
luminaries, is the shelter of all the living entities.

Thank You
TRUTH * TRADITION * TRANSFORMATION

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