5S - House keeping (Seiri, Seiton, Seiso, Seiketsu, Shitsuke)
Makers
1.
2. 2
Makers e impresa
L’ultimo a parlarne è stato Beppe Grillo. Anche il leader del Movimento Cinque Stelle si
è accorto della forza delle stampanti 3D e dell’effetto che la loro introduzione avrà sull’e-conomia.
Non tutto il suo discorso è stato preciso e coerente ma, di certo, testimonia
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fare i conti.
La famosa casa 3D di Beppe Grillo, in realtà solo un esperimento
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della manifattura.
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consentito di trasformare la teoria in pratica, ponendoci come interlocutori di rilievo nel-
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come distinti – e pure distanti.
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prodotti.
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fatturiere che intendono innovare i loro prodotti. Naturalmente puntiamo a ridurre le di-
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vazione e offerta di competenze.
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gmail.com .
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4. 4
INDICE
1. Che cosa sono i Fab Lab (Vurchio, Menichinelli)
2. L'hardware dei Fab Lab: la digital fabrication (Re)
3. Open hardware: DEFINIZIONI ED esempi (Danielli, Vurchio)
4. Modelli di business esistenti (Menichinelli)
5. Modelli di business possibili (Danielli)
6. Fab Lab Reggio Emilia: Idea Challenge
7. MioCugino: un Fab Lab ''privato''
8. Trasformazioni e manifattura (Cicero)
9. La paura dellopen: realtà e miti (Danielli)
10. Politiche di sviluppo pubbliche e private
(Danielli, Mauro, Aster, Fondazione Nord Est)
Appendice
Elenco dei Fab Lab italiani
Risorse per i Fab Lab
5. 5
Che cosa sono i Fab Lab
Riccardo Vurchio
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lato della domanda. Quello che una volta era il mercato di massa, dominato dal principio
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mutazione si possono percepire anche osservando modelli di natura amatoriale, come
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È naturale che anche il mondo del lavoro sia coinvolto in questa mutazione. Non è pro-vocazione
sostenere che “Physical factories will keep losing importance, but cities with a
large percentage of interconnected, highly educated workers will become the new factories
where ideas and knowledge are forged”FRVuFRPHKDVFULWWR(QULFR0RUHtti1.
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1 Estratto da “The Key To Economic Success? Geography - http://globalpublicsquare.blogs.cnn.com/2012/10/09/
the-key-to-economic-success-geography/
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“Secondo come lo si voglia interpretare, un laboratorio per la fabbricazione o semplice-mente
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siano comunità che stimolano l’apprendimento e lo sviluppo mediante tre caratteri prin-
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è rappresentato dalla condivisione di esperienza e conoscenza.
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e piattaforme vocate esclusivamente all’innovazione, percorrendo schemi non conven-
2 La Teoria delle Attività si occupa di studiare le interazioni dell’individuo in un contesto storico-culturale. Secondo
questo setting teorico, l’apprendimento è interpretato come processo attivo, volto all’elaborazione di nuove idee e
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volesse approfondire ulteriormente il tema, rimando a “Perspectives on activity theory” di Engeström, Miettinen, Pu-namäki,
Cambridge University Press.
10. 7
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3 Pubblicato su Harvard Business Review: http://hbr.org/2011/07/the-big-idea-the-age-of-hyperspecialization/ar/1
11. 8
Approfondimento:
come creare un Fab Lab4
Massimo Menichinelli, traduzione a cura di Riccardo Vurchio
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16. 12
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24. 16
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31. 21
Open hardware: definizione ed esempi
Andrea Danielli e Riccardo Vurchio
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I principi dell Open Source Hardware (OSHW) 1.0
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32. 22
1. La documentazione
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se non tutto, è stato rilasciato sotto la licenza.
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re le sue funzioni essenziali.
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4. I lavori derivati
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5. La ridistribuzione libera
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9. La distribuzione della licenza
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ito, senza la necessità di esecuzione di una licenza supplementare per queste parti.
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37. 23
11. La licenza non deve limitare altro hardware o software
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licenza, ma non derivati da esso3HUHVHPSLRODOLFHQ]DQRQGHYHLQVLVWHUHVXOIDWWRFKH
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Esempi di hardware sviluppato in modalità collaborativa
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commerciale. Cerchiamo poi di stupirvi con cinque idee di alto impatto e di fornirvi esem-
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Basati su Arduino
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sono realizzare in maniera rapida e semplice piccoli dispositivi come controllori di luci,
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utilizzano sensori, attuatori e comunicazione con altri dispositivi. Arduino è fornito con
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38. 24
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43. 26
Modelli di business esistenti per Fab Lab8
Massimo Menichinelli, traduzione a cura di Riccardo Vurchio
In questo capitolo iniziamo a fornire metriche e raccogliamo esempi di modelli di business
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mente ad entrare nel vivo dell’e-book.
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Business: i Fab Lab possono essere incubatori di attività commerciali, che però non devo-
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i network che hanno contribuito al successo di tali attività commerciali.
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ti che mettano in condizione l’imprenditore di concentrarsi sulle proprie competenze.
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8 Estratto da http://www.openp2pdesign.org/2011/fabbing/business-models-for-fab-labs/
53. 29
Modelli di business possibili per Fab Lab
Andrea Danielli
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“In the future, I envision wildly more modular and customizable phones. Perhaps in addi-tion
to our own beautifully-designed phones, we could sell some kind of phone template,
and entrepreneurs the world over could build a local business on building phones precisely
tailored to the needs of his or her local community. You want a waterproof, glow-in-the-dark
phone with a bottle-opener and a solar charger? Someone can build it for you—or you can
print it yourself!”.11
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11 http://conversations.nokia.com/2013/01/18/everything-you-need-to-know-about-the-lumia-820-and-3d-printing/
12 http://motorola-blog.blogspot.it/2013/10/goodbye-sticky-hello-ara.html
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13 http://www.fastcodesign.com/3017409/why-lego-design-principles-dont-work-on-smartphones
14 http://www.shareable.net/blog/20-open-source-furniture-designs
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16 http://www.businessinsider.com/why-mozilla-is-building-a-25-smartphone-2014-5
17 http://www.stampalo3d.com/2013/07/29/ford-propone-un-pomello-del-cambio-stampato-3d-per-insegnare-co-me-
guidare-con-il-cambio-manuale/
18 http://www.businessinsider.com/nike-3d-printed-cleats-for-super-bowl-2014-1
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PHUFDWR HVWHUR 6H XQªD]LHQGD QRQ ULHVFH D ULVROYHUH D )LUHQ]H SUREOHPL LQJHJQHULVWLFL
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Una volta arrivati al prodotto industriale, il rilascio in creative commons del pro-getto
permette una ricerca continua che ha nella rete di Fab Lab un sostegno e un
punto di appoggio.
Si tratta di mettere in piedi un’infrastruttura conoscitiva molto intensa e le associazioni
GLFDWHJRULDGHOFDPSR30,SRWUHEEHURLQYHVWLUHLQTXHVWRVHUYL]LRDGDOWRYDORUHDJJLXQ-
WR1RQFLVRQRGXEELVXOIDWWRFKHXQ)DE/DEGHOJHQHUHFUHHUHEEH±JXUHSURIHVVLRQDOL
PROWRULFKLHVWHUDSSUHVHQWHUHEEHXQDVSHFLHGLERWWHJDULQDVFLPHQWDOHLQFXLDQGDUHD
LPSDUDUHVXOFDPSRODYRUDQGRFRQGHLFRHWDQHLLQXQDPELHQWHDSSDVVLRQDQWH8QDSRV-
VLELOLWjSHUDFFUHVFHUHOHFRPSHWHQ]HWHFQLFKHFUHDQGRQXRYHRSSRUWXQLWjSHULJLRYDQL
nel mondo del lavoro.
72. 37
Fab Lab Reggio Emilia: Idea Challenge
Intervista a cura di Andrea Danielli
1RQFªqPRGRPLJOLRUHGLFRPSUHQGHUHLOSRWHQ]LDOHLQQRYDWLYRGHL)DE/DEFKHDQDOL]-
]DUHFRPHIXQ]LRQLQRQHOODUHDOWj(FFRDOORUDFKHFLVLDPRULYROWLD)UDQFHVFR%RPEDUGL
DQLPDWRUHGHO)DE/DE5HJJLR(PLOLDWUDLSULPLDLQWUDSUHQGHUHXQSHUFRUVRGLFROODER-
razione e co-creazione insieme alle aziende del territorio.
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73. 50 circa.
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FLUFD WUD FXL ,UHQ (PLOLD ,UHQ (QHUJLD 5HGR[ /LWRNRO RRSER[ ,QVLGH 7UDLQLQJ
Olim, Akonadi, Relab.
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Partecipando a conferenze, workshop ed eventi legati a cultura e innovazione, attra-verso
mezzi di comunicazione, attraverso contatti diretti da parte di amministratori del
Comune e di Reggio Emilia Innovazione, attraverso la rete di contatti personale e la
community locale, Unindustria e Club Digitale. Fondamentale è essermi inserito in una
mappa di persone attive sui temi d’innovazione, trasferimento tecnologico e di cono-scenza.
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Il comune sta facendo azione di sensibilizzazione e comunicazione, Rei (Reggio Emilia
Innovazione) dirige verso il Fab Lab aziende che cerchino le nostre competenze, altre
organizzazioni come Restart, Unindustria e aziende giovani e smart come Relab e Twin
7LSFRQGLYLGRQRLQUHWHDOFXQHV±GHLPSRUWDQWLVXOWHPDGHOOªLQQRYD]LRQHHTXLQGLDQ-
che contatti e conoscenze.
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L’Idea Challenge è una delle varie formule di collaborazione che Fab Lab Reggio Emilia
74. 38
propone alle aziende. L’attività prevede:
1. Preparazione insieme all’azienda di un brief dettagliato su il tema/prodotto da svi-
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2. Organizzazione di 1-2 giornate di lavoro negli spazi del Fab Lab@Spazio Gerra con
presentazione del brief e sviluppo di concept/soluzioni attraverso gruppi di lavoro in-terdisciplinari,
tutoraggio e facilitazione da parte di esperti con l’obiettivo di arrivare
DOODSURWRWLSD]LRQHGHOOHPLJOLRULLGHH$OOD±QHGHOOHJLRUQDWHGLODYRURVLSUHYHGHOD
SUHVHQWD]LRQHSXEEOLFDGHOOHSURSRVWHDWWUDYHUVRODSLDQL±FD]LRQHHFRPXQLFD]LRQHGL
XQHYHQWRSHUIRUPDQFH
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4. Eventuale approfondimento e sviluppo esecutivo di una o più proposte.
La formula dell’Idea Challenge costituisce un’opportunità per le aziende di promuove-re
la ricerca su temi d’interesse attraverso azioni mirate e che abbiano un’immediata
risposta nella produzione materiale di prototipi. Attraverso la contaminazione e la vi-sione
“laterale”, generata da gruppi di lavoro eterogenei e interdisciplinari, è possibile
spostare i punti di vista e provocare gli stimoli e le azioni che possono innescare proces-si
d’innovazione.
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I gruppi di lavoro coinvolti sono scelti sulla base delle qualità e competenze già rivela-
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possibilità di apprendere i processi della fabbricazione digitale e di conoscere da vicino
realtà d’impresa innovative e persone con cui eventualmente costruire opportunità di
collaborazione successive.
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Gli stimoli generati e i prototipi realizzati sono valutati dall’azienda ed eventualmente
approfonditi con un’Idea Challenge 2, con l’assegnazione di progetti di ricerca o con
gruppi di lavoro interni all’azienda, anche con il coinvolgimento dei partecipanti.
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I partecipanti apprendono o approfondiscono la conoscenza sulla fabbricazione digi-tale
e prototipazione rapida in una giornata di lavoro, manifestano il loro “talento” e
capacità di lavoro in team, guadagnano crediti di prototipazione per i loro progetti o al-tri
premi, acquisiscono contatti diretti con le aziende ed è successo che vengano assunti
dalle aziende stesse o assumano incarichi di collaborazione successivi.
75. 39
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Redox – Studio e prototipazione telaio e sistema kit involucro per macchina del caffè 12
V. Attivata collaborazione per design e prototipo telaio propedeutico a giornata di Idea
Challenge. Il designer coinvolto dal Fab Lab è stato poi assunto in azienda per conti-nuare
lo studio di fattibilità industriale. Altri due designer coinvolti in Idea Challenge
sono stati poi incaricati dal Fab Lab per collaborazioni successive. Prodotto esposto in
mostra presso lo Spazio Gerra. Attualmente l’azienda sta procedendo per sviluppare gli
stampi. Con la stessa azienda ci sono piani per sviluppare altri prodotti e collaborare
per la crescita del progetto Tecnopolo.
Relab – Collaborazione per lo sviluppo e la diffusione del progetto Dquid, attraverso
lo scambio di conoscenza e il confronto sui temi dell’interaction design. L’incontro è
avvenuto attraverso la rete del Dipartimento di Ingegneria Gestionale e Meccatronica e
il coinvolgimento è cresciuto in occasione di eventi e workshop come la Maker Faire di
Roma, e nel corso dello sviluppo di piattaforme – incubatori per start up.
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sulla parte meccanica e una diffusione open del sistema involucro-telaio e del software
per favorirne la personalizzazione. Il progetto DQuid20 nasce come open platform.
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Esistono prodotti per cui contribuiamo alla costruzione attraverso fabbricazione digita-le,
soprattutto per riparazioni e personalizzazioni che richiedano piccoli lotti di produ-zione.
La maggior parte dei prototipi sono però funzionali alla produzione industriale,
comunque prevedendo livelli aperti di personalizzazione. La prototipazione rapida in
questi casi consente di lasciare spazio alla ricerca, dare continuità al processo creativo
(senza dover aspettare lo stampo) e considerare l’errore come margine sostenibile (nei
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77. 40
Miocugino: un Fab Lab ''privato''
Intervista a cura di Andrea Danielli
1HLSULPLFDSLWROLDEELDPRGHGLFDWRVSD]LRDL)DE/DESHUFKpFRVWLWXLVFRQRXQIHQRPHQR
LQUDSLGDGLIIXVLRQHLQWDQWLVVLPLSDHVLHSHUFKpVLSUHVWDQRDHVVHUHGHJOLVWUXPHQWLLEUL-
GLDFRQGX]LRQHSXEEOLFDRSULYDWDULFFKLGLHVWHUQDOLWjSRVLWLYH(SSXUHLQ,WDOLDVWDQQR
QDVFHQGRUHDOWjWRWDOPHQWHSULYDWHEDVDWHVXPRGHOOLGLEXVLQHVVDGDOWRYDORUHDJJLXQWR
FKHRIIURQRVHUYL]LVLPLOLDTXHOOLFKHVLSRVVRQRLQFRQWUDUHLQXQ)DE/DE
,OFDVRGL0LRFXJLQRqLQWDOVHQVRHVHPSODUH6LWUDWWDGLXQODERUDWRULRLQFXLLFOLHQWLSRV-
VRQRDFFHGHUHDVHUYL]LGLSURWRWLSD]LRQHWDJOLRODVHUIUHVD1VWDPSDGž
78. FRQXQD
WDULIIDYDULDELOHLQEDVHDOOªDVVLVWHQ]D1HOPRGHOORGLEXVLQHVVqLQROWUHSUHYLVWDODFRQ-
VXOHQ]DSURJHWWXDOHSHUFUHDUHHUHDOL]]DUHSURWRWLSLGDOOHLGHHGHLFOLHQWL'LYHUVDPHQWH
GDLODERUDWRULGLSURWRWLSD]LRQHPROWRGLIIXVLLQ,WDOLD0LRFXJLQRQRQFRQVHJQDOªRJJHWWR
FRQXQVHUYL]LR§FKLDYLLQPDQR¨PDDOFRQWUDULRLQYLWDLSURSULFOLHQWLDPHWWHUVLLQJLRFR
HDGDSSUHQGHUHOHPRGDOLWjGLODYRUD]LRQH(FFRDOORUDXQDEUHYHLQWHUYLVWDDLIRQGDWRUL
RPHHTXDQGRQDVFH0LRFXJLQR
/ªRI±FLQDGLJHVWDHLQJHJQRGL0LRFXJLQRQDVFHQHOJHQQDLRGHOGRSRYDULDQQLGL
esperienza presso il laboratorio di prototipazione Zooi, che tutt’ora ci ospita, e grazie
ai preziosi insegnamenti del proprietario Mindert de Koningh, che è rimasto uno dei
pochi prototipisti ancora attivi sulla scena del design milanese. L’esperienza del “gran-de
cugino” Mindert, con i suoi 30 anni di conoscenza alle spalle, è per noi un completo
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Il nome Miocugino è stato scelto perché abbiamo sempre provato fascino e ammira-
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consiglio pronto da darti o che sa qual è lo strumento più appropriato da utilizzare per
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nome più adatto per una società creata da due veri cugini progettisti. Siamo, infatti,
progettisti industriali di prodotto (Nicola Brambilla, Politecnico di Milano, 32 anni), e di
interior design (Daniele Usuelli, IED Milano, 32 anni). I nostri tre collaboratori hanno un
background in progettazione d’arredo e illuminazione (Francesco Bariani, Politecnico
di Milano, 29 anni), progettazione elettronica (Marco Sorrentino, specializzato in elet-
WURQLFDDQQL
80. 41
In realtà abbiamo sempre provato il desiderio di possedere oggetti, ma, forse inconscia-
PHQWHDEELDPRVHPSUHUL±XWDWRGLFRPSUDUOL$EELDPRTXLQGLGHFLVRGLVWXGLDUHFRPH
si progettano (e soprattutto PERCHE’ si progettano), per poterli ideare e costruire poi
in autonomia.
In conclusione, chiunque frequenta il laboratorio e sperimenta qualcosa di nuovo può
essere un potenziale “cugino”: noi abbiamo creato solo il luogo per poterlo ospitare e
permettergli di essere non solo il nostro, ma il cugino di tutti.
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Settimanalmente abbastanza da non avere più un momento libero. Avendo iniziato
questa avventura da relativamente poco tempo, non siamo ancora in grado di abban-donare
totalmente i nostri precedenti lavori e, quindi, ci dividiamo ancora tra il sogno
e la realtà, anche se il tempo che le stiamo dedicando (quattro ore al giorno, oltre a
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