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Stages of Fetal
   Growth and
  Development
Hannilore Villamor, RN
The growth and development of the fetus
  is typically divided into three stages

• Preembryonic Stage: Fertilization to 2 to
  3 Weeks

• Embryonic Stage: 4 to 8 Weeks' Gestation

• Fetal Stage: 9 Weeks to Birth
LUNAR MONTH
• Fertilization to 2 weeks of embryonic
  growth

• Implantation is complete

• Primary chorionic villi forming

• Embryo develops into two cell layers
  (trophoblast and blastocyst)

• Amniotic cavity appears
LUNAR MONTH
• 3 to 6 weeks of embryonic growth

• At the end of 6 weeks of growth, the
  embryo is approximately ½ inch (1.3 cm)
  long

• Arm and leg buds are visible; arm buds
  are more developed with finger ridges
  beginning to appear

• Rudiments of the eyes, ears, and nose
  appear
• Lung buds are developing

• Primitive intestinal tract is developing

• Primitive cardiovascular system is
  functioning

• Neural tube, which forms the brain and
  spinal cord, closes by the fourth week
LUNAR MONTH
• 7 to 10 weeks of growth
• The middle of this period (9 weeks) marks
  the end of the embryonic period and the
  beginning of the fetal period
• At the end of 10 weeks of growth, the fetus
  is approximately 2½ inches (6.3 cm) from
  crown to rump and weighs ½ oz (14 g)
• Appearance of external genitalia

• By the middle of this month, all major organ
  systems have formed
• The membrane over the anus has broken
  down

• The heart has formed four chambers (by
  seventh week)

• The fetus assumes a human appearance

• Bone ossification begins

• Rudimentary kidney begins to secrete
  urine
LUNAR MONTH
• 11- to 14-week-old fetus
• At the end of 14 weeks of growth, the fetus
  is approximately 4¾ inches (12 cm) crown-
  rump length and 3¾ oz (110 g)
• Head erect; lower extremities well
  developed
• Hard palate and nasal septum have fused
• External genitalia of male and female can
  now be differentiated
• Eyelids are sealed
LUNAR MONTH
• 15- to 18-week-old fetus

• At the end of 18 weeks of growth, the
  fetus is approximately 6¼ inches (16 cm)
  crown-rump length and 11¼ oz (320 g)

• Ossification of fetal skeleton can be seen
  on X-ray
• Ears stand out from head

• Meconium is present in the intestinal
  tract

• Fetus makes sucking motions and
  swallows amniotic fluid

• Fetal movements may be felt by the
  mother (end of month)
LUNAR MONTH
• 19- to 22-week-old fetus

• At the end of 22 weeks of growth, the
  fetus is approximately 8¼ inches (21 cm)
  crown-rump length and 1 lb 6¼ oz (630 g)

• Vernix caseosa covers the skin
• Head and body (lanugo) hair visible
• Skin is wrinkled and red

• Brown fat, an important site of heat
  production, is present in neck and sternal
  area

• Nipples are apparent on the breasts
LUNAR MONTH
• 23- to 26-week-old fetus

• At the end of 26 weeks of growth, the
  fetus is approximately 10 inches (25 cm)
  crown-rump length and 2 lb 3¼ oz (1,000
  g)

• Fingernails present

• Lean body
• Eyes partially open; eyelashes present

• Bronchioles are present; primitive alveoli
  are forming

• Skin begins to thicken on hands and feet

• Startle reflex present; grasp reflex is
  strong
LUNAR MONTH
• 27- to 30-week-old fetus

• At the end of 30 weeks of growth, the
  fetus is approximately 11 inches (28 cm)
  crown-rump length and 3 lb 12 oz (1,700
  g)

• Eyes open

• Ample hair on head; lanugo begins to
  fade
• Skin slightly wrinkled

• Toenails present

• Testes in inguinal canal, begin descent to
  scrotal sac

• Surfactant coats much of the alveolar
  epithelium
LUNAR MONTH
• 31- to 34-week-old fetus

• At the end of 34 weeks of growth, the
  fetus is approximately 12½ inches (32 cm)
  crown-rump length and 5 lb 8 oz (2,500
  g)

• Fingernails reach fingertips

• Skin pink and smooth

• Testes in scrotal sac
LUNAR MONTH
• 35- to 38-week-old fetus; end of this
  month is also 40 weeks from onset of last
  menses

• End of 38 weeks of growth, fetus is
  approximately 14½ inches (37 cm) crown-
  rump length and 7 lb 8 oz (3,400 g)

• Ample subcutaneous fat
• Lanugo almost absent

• Toenails reach toe tips

• Testes in scrotum

• Vernix caseosa mainly on the back

• Breasts are firm
Stages of fetal growth and development

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Stages of fetal growth and development

  • 1. Stages of Fetal Growth and Development Hannilore Villamor, RN
  • 2. The growth and development of the fetus is typically divided into three stages • Preembryonic Stage: Fertilization to 2 to 3 Weeks • Embryonic Stage: 4 to 8 Weeks' Gestation • Fetal Stage: 9 Weeks to Birth
  • 4. • Fertilization to 2 weeks of embryonic growth • Implantation is complete • Primary chorionic villi forming • Embryo develops into two cell layers (trophoblast and blastocyst) • Amniotic cavity appears
  • 6. • 3 to 6 weeks of embryonic growth • At the end of 6 weeks of growth, the embryo is approximately ½ inch (1.3 cm) long • Arm and leg buds are visible; arm buds are more developed with finger ridges beginning to appear • Rudiments of the eyes, ears, and nose appear
  • 7. • Lung buds are developing • Primitive intestinal tract is developing • Primitive cardiovascular system is functioning • Neural tube, which forms the brain and spinal cord, closes by the fourth week
  • 9. • 7 to 10 weeks of growth • The middle of this period (9 weeks) marks the end of the embryonic period and the beginning of the fetal period • At the end of 10 weeks of growth, the fetus is approximately 2½ inches (6.3 cm) from crown to rump and weighs ½ oz (14 g) • Appearance of external genitalia • By the middle of this month, all major organ systems have formed
  • 10. • The membrane over the anus has broken down • The heart has formed four chambers (by seventh week) • The fetus assumes a human appearance • Bone ossification begins • Rudimentary kidney begins to secrete urine
  • 12. • 11- to 14-week-old fetus • At the end of 14 weeks of growth, the fetus is approximately 4¾ inches (12 cm) crown- rump length and 3¾ oz (110 g) • Head erect; lower extremities well developed • Hard palate and nasal septum have fused • External genitalia of male and female can now be differentiated • Eyelids are sealed
  • 14. • 15- to 18-week-old fetus • At the end of 18 weeks of growth, the fetus is approximately 6¼ inches (16 cm) crown-rump length and 11¼ oz (320 g) • Ossification of fetal skeleton can be seen on X-ray
  • 15. • Ears stand out from head • Meconium is present in the intestinal tract • Fetus makes sucking motions and swallows amniotic fluid • Fetal movements may be felt by the mother (end of month)
  • 17. • 19- to 22-week-old fetus • At the end of 22 weeks of growth, the fetus is approximately 8¼ inches (21 cm) crown-rump length and 1 lb 6¼ oz (630 g) • Vernix caseosa covers the skin
  • 18. • Head and body (lanugo) hair visible • Skin is wrinkled and red • Brown fat, an important site of heat production, is present in neck and sternal area • Nipples are apparent on the breasts
  • 20. • 23- to 26-week-old fetus • At the end of 26 weeks of growth, the fetus is approximately 10 inches (25 cm) crown-rump length and 2 lb 3¼ oz (1,000 g) • Fingernails present • Lean body
  • 21. • Eyes partially open; eyelashes present • Bronchioles are present; primitive alveoli are forming • Skin begins to thicken on hands and feet • Startle reflex present; grasp reflex is strong
  • 23. • 27- to 30-week-old fetus • At the end of 30 weeks of growth, the fetus is approximately 11 inches (28 cm) crown-rump length and 3 lb 12 oz (1,700 g) • Eyes open • Ample hair on head; lanugo begins to fade
  • 24. • Skin slightly wrinkled • Toenails present • Testes in inguinal canal, begin descent to scrotal sac • Surfactant coats much of the alveolar epithelium
  • 26. • 31- to 34-week-old fetus • At the end of 34 weeks of growth, the fetus is approximately 12½ inches (32 cm) crown-rump length and 5 lb 8 oz (2,500 g) • Fingernails reach fingertips • Skin pink and smooth • Testes in scrotal sac
  • 28. • 35- to 38-week-old fetus; end of this month is also 40 weeks from onset of last menses • End of 38 weeks of growth, fetus is approximately 14½ inches (37 cm) crown- rump length and 7 lb 8 oz (3,400 g) • Ample subcutaneous fat
  • 29. • Lanugo almost absent • Toenails reach toe tips • Testes in scrotum • Vernix caseosa mainly on the back • Breasts are firm