The document describes the anatomy of the scalp, face, orbits, and nasal cavity. The scalp has 5 layers - skin, connective tissue, aponeurosis, loose connective tissue, and pericranium. The face is divided into 9 regions. The orbits have frontal, lateral, medial, orbital, and base bones. The nasal cavity has walls formed by maxilla, ethmoid, sphenoid, palatine, and lacrimal bones.
2. Soft tissue covering the cranial vault
It is hair bearing area of the skull
Extends from supra orbital margin
anteriorly to external occipital
protuberance & superior nuchal line
posteriorly
On each side to superior temporal line
5. Skin
A layer of thin skin containing numerous hair
follicles, sweat glands, and sebaceous glands covers
the scalp.
Connective tissue
A thick, dense, subcutaneous connective tissue is
anchored firmly to the skin above and the
membranous layer below. Fibrous and dense
containing blood vessels and nerves
6. Aponeurosis
Is formed by the gales aponeurotica.
Loose Connective Tissue
Allows freedom of movement of the superficial
three layers over the top of the skull
Periocranium
The periosteum of the skull. Firmly anchored to the
underlying bone.
7. LOOSE CONNECTIVE TISSUE
Called dangerous layer of scalp-emissary veins open here
and carry any infections inside the brain (venous sinus)
Bleeding lead to black eye
Caput succedaneum in new born
PERICRANIUM
Injury deep to it take the shape of bone called
cephalhaematoma
11. Regions of the Face
1. Forehead
2. Temporal
3. Orbital
4. External
nose
5. Zygomatic
6. Oral
7. Cheeks
8. Mental
9. External
ear
12.
13. Eyelids (Palpebrae)
- Form a curtain for the ocular globe or the eyeball.
External features:
1. Palpebral fissure - transverse elliptical opening between
the upper and lower eyelid.
2. Palpebral commissure (canthus( - the lateral and medial
junctions of the upper and lower eyelids.
3. Superior palpebral margins - covers the superior 1/5 of
the iris when the lids are open.
14. External features:
4. Inferior palpebral margins - cuts across the lower border of
the iris when the lids are open.
5. Cilia or eyelashes - project from the palpebral margins
intwo or three irregular rows.
6. Plica semilunaris - a cresent fold at the medial angle of the
eye that separates the white of the eye from the medial,
reddish-colored lacrimal lake.
15. External features:
7. Lacrimal lake - small, raised, triangular are
bordered by the plica semilunaris; a raised,
reddish area within the lake is the caruncle.
8. Superior and inferior papillae - are small, raised
bumps at the junction of the ciliated hairless
margins of the lids; at the apex of which is the
lacrimal punctum.
9. Conjuctivum - mucous membrane inner lining of
the lid.
16.
17. Root
Tip Dorsum
Ala
Columna Anterior naris
(nostril)
18. External Nose:
-The framework is composed of the nasal bones,
septal cartilage, lateral cartilages, and alar cartilages.
-Skin of the nose is continues beyond the external
nares into the vestibule of the nose, with nasal hairs to
filter larger particles of dusts in the air.
19.
20.
21. External Ear
- Contains a single elastic cartilage which provides
support to the external ear.
- Skin is tightly bound to the cartilage with no
intervening subcutaneous layer.
- Skin and cartilage is thrown into several folds.
25. Lateral wall
- Zygomatic process
of the frontal bone
- Orbital plate of the zygomatic bone
- Orbital plate of the greater wings of
sphenoid
26. Medial wall
- Frontal process of
the maxilla
- Lacrimal bone
- Orbital plate of ethmoid bone
- Body of sphenoid
27. Floor
- Orbital plate of the maxilla
- Orbital plate of the zygomatic bone
- Orbital process of
the palatine bone
28. Base
Superiorly – frontal bone
Medially - frontal process
of the maxilla
Laterally - frontal process
of the zygomatic bone
Inferiorly - Maxilla medially
- zygomatic bone
laterally
30. Bones involved:
1. Nasal Bone
2. Frontal Bone
3. Ethmoid Bone
4. Sphenoid Bone
5. Vomer
6. Maxilla
7. Palatine Bone
8. Lacrimal Bone
9. Inferior nasal Concha
31. Anterior
– pyriform aperture
Posterior
- Pharynx through the posterior nares
32. Superior Wall:
1. Anterior
– nasal bone
-nasal process of the frontal bone
2. Middle
- cribriform plate of ethmoid bone
3. Posterior
- body of the sphenoid