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The Umbilical Cord,[object Object],www.freelivedoctor.com,[object Object]
Anatomy,[object Object],Origin: It develops from the connecting stalk.,[object Object],Length: At term, it measures about 50 cm.,[object Object],Diameter: 2 cm.,[object Object],www.freelivedoctor.com,[object Object]
Structure: It consists of mesodermal connective tissue called Wharton's jelly, covered by amnion. It contains:,[object Object],    * one umbilical vein carries oxygenated blood from the placenta to the foetus,,[object Object],    * two umbilical arteries carry deoxygenated blood from the foetus to the placenta,,[object Object],    remnants of the yolk sac and allantois.,[object Object],www.freelivedoctor.com,[object Object]
Insertion: The cord is inserted in the foetal surface of the placenta near the center "eccentric insertion" (70%) or at the center "central insertion" (30%).,[object Object],www.freelivedoctor.com,[object Object]
Abnormalities of the Umbilical Cord,[object Object],www.freelivedoctor.com,[object Object]
Abnormal cord insertion,[object Object],    * Marginal insertion: in the placenta (battledore insertion).,[object Object],    * Velamentous insertion: in the membranes and vessels connect the cord to the edge of the placenta. If these vessels pass at the region of the internal os, the condition is called " vasapraevia". Vasapraevia can occur also when the vessels connecting a succenturiate lobe with the main placenta pass at the region of the internal os.,[object Object],www.freelivedoctor.com,[object Object]
Abnormal cord length,[object Object],www.freelivedoctor.com,[object Object]
Short cord which may lead to:,[object Object],   * intrapartumhaemorrhage due to premature separation of the placenta,    ,[object Object],  * delayed descent of the foetus during labour,,[object Object],   * inversion of the uterus.,[object Object],www.freelivedoctor.com,[object Object]
Long cord which may lead to:,[object Object],    * cord presentation and cord prolapse,,[object Object],    * coiling of the cord around the neck,,[object Object],    * true knots of the cord.,[object Object],www.freelivedoctor.com,[object Object]
Knots of the cord,[object Object],    * True knot: when the foetus passes through a loop of the cord. If pulled tight, foetal asphyxia may result.,[object Object],  * False knot: localised collection of Wharton’s jelly containing a loop of umbilical vessels.,[object Object],www.freelivedoctor.com,[object Object]
Torsion of the cord,[object Object],It may occur particularly in the portion near the foetus where the Wharton's jelly is less abundant.,[object Object],www.freelivedoctor.com,[object Object]
Haematoma,[object Object],Due to rupture of one of the umbilical vessels.,[object Object],www.freelivedoctor.com,[object Object]
Single umbilical artery,[object Object],It may be associated with other foetal congenital anomalies.,[object Object],www.freelivedoctor.com,[object Object]

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The umbilical cord

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