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10/10/2014 
Prof.Dr.R.R.Deshpande 
1 
Snake bite,Rabies,Scorpion Bite 
•Presented By – 
•Prof.Dr.R.R.Deshpande (M.D in Ayurvdic Medicine & M.D. in Ayurvedic Physiology) 
•www.ayurvedicfriend.com 
•Mobile – 922 68 10 630 
•mailme.drrrdeshpande@rediffmail.com
Special Thanks for Expertise suggestions 
•Prof.Dr.Jayant Phadke – HOD ,Toxicology Dept ,Ayurved college ,Nigdi ,Pune 
•Dr.Sohiel Deshpande,MBBS
God of Health = God Dhanvantari
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Prof.Dr.R.R.Deshpande 
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Snake Bite 
•Toxic Snakes 
•1) Neuro Toxic – Nag ( Cobra) & Manyar (common Krait) 
•2) Haemotoxic or Vasculotoxic – Ghonas ( Russels viper ) & Furse ( Saw scaled Viper)
Cobra & common krait 
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Russels viper & Saw scaled Viper 
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Difference of Poisonous & Non Poisonous 
Sr,No 
Poisonous 
Non Poisonous 
1 
Head Scales – Small 
Head Scales – Large 
2 
Body scales -- Large 
Body scales – small or moderate 
3 
Tail - Compressed 
Not so 
4 
Nocturnal 
Not so 
5 
Bite mark – 2 Fang marks 
No fang marks 
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Poisonous Snakes –Special Anatomical featurs 
•1) All poisonous snakes have broad ventral plates on the belly that extend right across. 
•2) All poisonous snakes have 2 fangs, which really are 2 prominent teeth besides many other small teeth. 
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Poisonous & Non Poisonous – Head Scales
Poisonous & Non Poisonous - Body Scales
After bite of Snake 
•1) A patient bitten by a poisonous snake will always complain of pain over the bitten area. 
•2) Two fang marks are always seen. The shape of an inverted U (∩). 
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After bite of Snake 
•3) Bite by poisonous snake should not be considered as serious poisoning every time, because the poison glands of the snake at the time of the bite might have been empty. 
•Also even a thin layer of clothing usually gives great protection. 
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After bite of Snake 
•4) Many times fright and panic leads to fainting. 
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Watch Symptoms 
•1) Elapids Neurotoxic – Cobra or Krait 
•Local – Mild Burning ,Triple Response i.e redness, swelling,inflammation 
•Systemic – Vomiting, Giddiness, Ptosis ,Difficulty in speaking & swalowing, Staggering gait ,Difficult respiration, Difficulty in motor Activities like hand & leg movements, spreading paralysis ( ascending from lower limbs), convulsions ,death may results within minutes or several hours due to respiratory failure
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Prof.Dr.R.R.Deshpande 
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Watch Symptoms 
•2) From Russell’s & saw scaled Vipers - Haemotoxic Symptoms – Local symptoms are more severe like Intense pain,swelling,Cellulitis,Ozzing of bloody serum & formation of blisters & necrosis 
•Systemic – Vomiting, Unconsciousness, Intravascular haemolysis, Epistaxsis, Haematuria, Haemetemesis, Bleeding under skin like Petechiae, Bleeding from orifices ,Hypotension.Death result from cardiovascular shock or renal failure
2 types of Snake Poison 
•3 stages can be seen in Paralytic Type 
•Stage 1 – Ptosis 
•Stage 2 – Difficulty in Swallowing 
•Stage 3 – Difficulty in Respiration , Paralysis
2 types of Snake Poison 
•Haemolytic Type 
•Local swelling around the bite appears quickly 
•Blood collected in bulb does not clot
Symptoms of Snake Bite
Snake Bite
Signs of Poisoning 
•2 puncture marks ,3/4th to 1 cm apart can be of Poisonous snake bite
When person can die ? 
•1) After bite of Elapidae –20 min to 6 hrs 
•2) After bite of Viperine – 2 to 4 days 
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Snake Bite Management
Snake Bite Management 
•1) Snake bites should be treated as wounds. Antibiotics is given for secondary infection and Inj. Tetanus toxoid. 
•2) If the patient is completely alright 6-8 hours after the bite, he is usually out of danger. 
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Snake Bite Management 
•To Slow the absorption and spread of the poison: 
•1) Patient is prevented from walking. Bitten limb is immobilized, preferably in a splint. 
•2) Strip of cloth or handkerchief or a rubber tourniquet should applied a few cms. above the bitten area. Be released every 15 minutes for a period of one minute. 
•3) Tourniquet should not be too tight .It is just to occlude venous & lymphatic return 
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Snake Bite Management 
•4) Ice should be applied to and around the bitten area. 
•5) Immobilize the part .Because movements can cause more absorption of poison
Snake Bite Management 
•4) The wound and the incision can be washed with very dilute solution of potassium permanganate. 
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Snake Bite Management 
•When there are No signs of Poison – 
•Tab Diazepam – 1 tab stat as a Tranquilizer 
•Tab Paracetamol – As Analgesic
Wait & Watch for min 6 hours 
•Look following signs of Poisoning 
•1) Ptosis 
•2) Local swelling 
•3) Dysphagia 
•4) Difficulty in breathing
Snake Bite Management 
•In Paralytic Type – 
•If Ptosis or Dysphagia develops ,take immediate action 
•If GP & do not have ASV – shift to appropriate hospital 
•Respiratory Paralysis is an Emergency
Snake Bite Management 
•Neutralize the poison by -- 
1)Injection of anti venom. Most effective if administered within 1 to 4 hours of the bite. 
2) Old Thought -- Sensitivity tests must be done. If the patient is not sensitive, 5cc. of the serum should be injected locally around the wound. Avoid local infiltration into a finger or a toe 
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Snake Bite Management 
•ASV vial contains powder. Dissolve in 10 ml of sterile water for injection. 
•Give ½ cc IV as Test Dose .Watch for 2 min for Urticaria 
•If no allergy ,inject Full dose 
•New Thought in 2014 -- Sensitivity tests are no longer recommended because they are unreliable and may even lead to sensitisation of patient before the actual therapeutic dose.
Snake Venom Antiserum 
•Manufactured by Vins Bioproducts Limited Survey no 117 Thimmapur (V) 509325,Kothur (Mandal) ,Mahaboobnagar ( Dist) ,Andhra Pradesh,India
Snake Venom Antiserum 
•Each 1 ml of has capacity of specifically neutralising the venom of following species of Snake 
•O.60 mg of dried Indian Cobra venom 
•0.45 mg of dried common Krait Venom 
•0.60 mg of dried Russell’s viper venom 
•0.45 mg of dried Saw scaled Viper
Snake Venom Antiserum 
•Reconstituted antivenin is administered as soon as possible ,if clear cut signs or symptoms of envenomation are evident
Snake Venom Antiserum 
•It can be administered in 2 ways 
•1) Intravenous injections – Reconstituted antivenin is administered by slow intravenous injection ( 1 to 2 ml per minute) 
•2) Infusion – Reconstituted antivenin is diluted in isotonic saline or glucose solution ( 5 to 10 ml per kg body weight)
Snake Venom Antiserum 
•At present there is no simple method to measure the amount of circulating venom in the body. 
•So dose of Antivenin can not be accurately recommended 
•The dose also depends on the type of snake bite & severity of envenomation
Snake Venom Antiserum 
•Presentation – Snake venom antiserum IP is supplied as freeze dried powder in glass vials .Sterile water for Injection IP is supplied in 10 ml vials 
•The antivenin is also supplied as 10 ml liquid in glass vials
Snake Venom Antiserum 
•Disposal – Left over antivenin & used empty vials should be discarded as biomedical waste
Snake Venom Antiserum 
•2 vials are usually injected directly by IV route slowly ( 1 to 2 ml per minute) & taking care of sensitivity reaction 
•2 more vials are given after half an hour to one hour ,if the symptoms of envenomation persists. 
•Further dose can be given with IV fluids,till envenomation symptoms subside
Snake Venom Antiserum 
•The patient should be closely monitored for 2 hours 
•Local administration of antivenin in or around the bite site is ineffective ,painful & may raise intra compartmental pressure particularly in digits .So not recommended
Snake Venom Antiserum 
•Antivenin Reactions – Anaphylaxis is life threatening . 
•Anaphylaxis can be rapid onset & can deteriorate into a life threatening emergency very quickly 
•Patient should be monitored closely & at the first sign of any of the following ,anti venin should be discontinued
Snake Venom Antiserum 
•Anaphylaxis – 
•Indicating signs & symptoms – Urticaria, Itching, fever, chills or rigors, vomiting, diarrhoea, abdominal cramps, Tachycardia, Hypotension, Bronchospasm, angioedema.
Snake Venom Antiserum 
•Anaphylaxis – 0.5 mg of 1: 1000 Adrenaline IM 
•Children – Adrenaline IM – 0.01 mg/kg body weight
Snake Venom Antiserum 
•Anaphylaxis – To provide longer term protection against Anaphylactoid reaction ,100 mg of Hydrocortisone & 10 mg of H1 antihistamine ,IV 
•Children – 0.2 mg/kg of Anti histamine IV & 2 mg /kg of Hydrocortisone IV
Snake Venom Antiserum 
•Anaphylaxis – If the condition is worsening ,a second dose of 0.5 mg of Adrenaline 1:1000 IM ,may be given
Snake Bite Management 
•Inj ASV 1 to 4 vials ,slow IV 
•Then 1 vial ,every 15 to 30 min ,till the signs start reversing 
•Inj Atropine 2 amp IV ,to control excess salivation 
•Inj Neostigmine 4 amp IV
Snake Bite Management 
•Associated Treatment – Pain – Paracetamol 
•Aspirin or other NSAIDS should not be given – can excerbate bleeding 
•For severe pain – mild opiates – Tramodol 50 mg 
•Neostigmine is Anti cholinesterase drug – prolongs the action of Acetylcholine – revert respiratory failure & Neurotoxic symptoms – 0.5 mg IM ,half hourly + 0.6 mg of Atropine IV ,over an 8 hour period by continuous infusion
Snake Bite Management 
•In Dysphagia – Continuous throat suction 
•In Respiratory Paralysis – Endotracheal Intubation, Artificial Respiration 
•Total 10 to 15 vials of ASV may be required in Respiratory Paralysis
Snake Bite Management 
•Haemolytic Type – 
•Inj Decadron 2 cc IV stat 
•Inj Avil 1 amp IV stat 
•Inj ASV 2 to 6 vials IV slowly ( Old Thought -- AST) 
•Repeat Inj ASV ,if local swelling continues to increase 
•Repeat CT ,every 4 to 6 hours
Snake Bite Management 
•Haemolytic Type 
•Inj ASV 1 vial ,if Local swelling continues to increase 
•Locally -- around the site- 
• Inj ASC -1 to 2 ml 
•Elevation of Leg 
•Application of Thrombophob ointment 
•Megasulph compresses
Snake Bite Management 
•Haemolytic Type 
•Local – 
•If Oedema is very less then, 
•Apply -- Elastrocrepe bandage 
•After 6 hours ,remove the bandage + watch Skin 
•If necessary -- Reapply
Snake Bite Management 
•Haemolytic Type 
•When oedema becomes severe ,Skin becomes bluish black ,Circulation of toes is diminished --- 
•Then to save the limb ,emergency Faciotomy incisions must be taken
Snake Bite Management 
•Haemolytic Type 
•In advanced cases ,we must look for Haematuria, Bleeding from other sites like nose, skin, check urine output.
Snake Bite Management 
•Haemolytic Type -- 
•In cases of bleeding – 
•BT is given 
•When possible – Platelet Transfusion is given 
•Inj Fibrinogen 300 to 600 mg IV 
•Inj Heparin –if DIC [ New Thought in 2014 - Heparin is ineffective against venom induced Thrombin and should never be used]
Snake Bite Management 
•Haemolytic Type 
•When urine out put reduces – 
•Inj Mannitol 300 ml IV 
•Inj Lasix 2 amp IV stat & repeat sos 
•Inj Decadron 2cc IV – 6 hrly 
•In Renal failure ( Urea & Creatinine level increases) – Peritoneal Dialysis is done
Snake Bite Management 
•After giving adrenaline 1:1000 solution I.M. ½ c.c. and antihistaminic, 30 c.c. of the serum should be added to 300 c.c. or normal saline and given as I.V. drip in 1 to 2 hours. 
•[ New Thought in 2014 - Prophylactic Adrenaline should not be given as a routine] 
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Snake Bite Management 
•Old Thought -- Patients who are, sensitive, desensitization should be done. Under the cover of adrenaline, antihistaminic and steroids, small doses are injected till 40 c.c. of serum I.M. are given. 
•New Thought in 2014 -- In sensitive patients Adrenaline , Antihistaminics and steroids can be given prophylactically but ASV is always given IV only 
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Snake Bite Management 
• Symptomatic treatment: 
•1) Inj. Pethidine (not morphine) 50 mg. I.M. or Inj. Largactil 25 mgm. I.M. is given for pain. 
•2) Inj. Streptopenicillin 
•3) Inj. Tetanus Toxoid 
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Snake Bite Management 
•4) I.V. steroid is given in massive doses e.g. in serious patients, 300mgm. Efcorlin I.V. to start and 200 mgm. as slow I.V. drip later. 
•5) If B.P. is falling, Inj. Lomodex or glucose saline with two ampoules of Noradrenaline or 100 mgm. Inj. Mephentine is added to the bottle 
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When Hospital Admission is must in Snake Bite ? 
• Patients who start bleeding extensively or 
• Develop blackish red urine or 
•Extensive paralysis 
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Snake Bite Management 
•Assurance – Relieve fear & Anxiety 
•Clean the bite area with soap & water 
•Symptomatic & General Treatment -- 
•Wait & watch – First just give Inj TT+ IV DNS + Antibiotics, Anti histaminics, Analgesics, Steroids, Blood Transfusion, Artificial respiration, Haemodyalysis etc .If absolute No symptoms except fear & Patient is alright ,not necessary to give ASV
Treatment of absorbed venom 
•1) In Elapids – Alternate 0.6 mg Inj. Atropine & 0.5 mg Neostigmine 
•In paralytic cases – Inj.Adrenaline – s/c & Inj Calcium chloride – I/M 
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Treatment of absorbed venom 
•2) In Vipers – 
•30,000 to 40,000 Units Inj Heparin 
•[Heparin not to be used] 
•300 to 600 gms – Inj Fibrinogen 
•Also used are fresh whole blood, Platelets or Fresh frozen plasma(FFP). 
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Anti Snake Venom 
•1) Powder form – ASV – By Serum Institute of India ( SII) –This is PAVS = Polyvalent Anti snake Venom Serum .Price – Rs 400/- for Powder to form 10 ml solution 
•Also available Powder by Haffkine Bio Pharma ,Mumbai .10 ml .Rs 400/-
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Anti Snake Venom 
•2) Liquid Form – By Bharat Company,Thane ,Mumbai.For IV – 10 ml vial .Rs.400/-
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How to Administer ASV ? 
•1) Old Thought -- Test Dose – 0.01 ml by Insulin Syringe s/c --- New Thought -- Not Recommended as unreliable. 
•If No Allergic reactions – 
•10 ml Liquid ASV in 500 ml DNS .Speed 30 drops per min 
•Constant watch in the Improvement of Symptoms or Toxic or Side effects of ASV
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ASV & Blood Test 
•1) PT,BT,CT – For Viperidae ( Ghonas & Phurse ) Haemotoxic
Blood Tests 
•20 WBCT : 2ml fresh venous blood collected in Glass bulb.Keep undisturbed for 20 minutes.Slightly tilt the bulb and check for clotting. 
Normally the blood should have clotted by the end of 20 minutes. Repeat test after 6 hours. 
•BT/CT 
•Platelet count : May be decreased in viper bite. 
•PT : Normal is 12-14 seconds. 
•TLC/DLC : May show neutrophil predominant leucocytosis. 
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Snake Bite 
•Tab Pinak – Herbal Tablet 
•http://www.shreebharadiayurpharma.com/tabpinak.html 
•http://www.shreebharadiayurpharma.com/ studypinaksasun.html ( Study in Sassoon Hosp,Pune) 
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Rabies or Hydrophobia 
•Infectious disease – due to Neurotropic filtrable virus ,transmitted by the bite or lick of an infected dog 
•Incubation period – 10 days to several months 
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Rabies – Symptoms 
•1) Premonitory – Stage lasts for 2 days .Pain & discomfort at the site of bite.Irritable even to slight noise – cause spasm of different muscles like muscles of swallowing 
•2) Stage of Irritability – Spasm of different muscles ,particularly deglutition 
•Can not speak or drink
Rabies – Symptoms 
•2) Contd – 
•Even sight of water may initiate spasm 
•Muscles of Larynx etc undergo spasmodic contraction. 
•Respiration becomes difficult .RR – Increased 
•Cyanosis, Hoarseness of voice, Jerks become brisk 
•Stage lasts for 3 days .Then Heart Failure 
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Rabies – Symptoms 
•3) Stage of Paralysis – 
•Paralysis of different muscle groups like respiration,Heart. 
•Stage lasts for few hours & then Death 
•Death is inevitable 
•So take immediate injection after dog bite 
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Do not kill the Dog 
•The dog in question should never be killed 
•Rather it should be kept under observation for 10 days 
•If Dog is normal & live after 5 days – Chances of Rabies are almost zero & so no worry 
•If dog behaves abnormal or dies in this period ,& then if Negri bodies are found in the Brain in postmartem –Then Diagnosis is confirmed of Rabies 
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When full Immunization is must ? 
•Rabies is a Fatal disease 
•So dog is unknown or street dog or difficult to keep watch or people killed the dog – Then Full Immunization for Rabies is must 
•Do not avoid Treatment of Rabies ,because it is Fatal disease ( Death of Rabies patient is 100%) 
•In Pune (MS)India ,these patients are isolated in Naidu Hospital
Catch Rabied Dog 
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Rabid Dog – Post mortem
Rabid Dog Bite prevention
Bite By Rabid Dog
Rabies Symptoms
Rabies Virus
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Rabies – Local care 
•Wash the wound repeatedly with soap & flowing water for atleast 15 mins. 
•Clean the wound with 70% alcohol or Iodine ( under LA) 
•If CLW is small – Do not suture 
•If CLW is large – Suture loosely with drain after 24 hours 
•Bite wound should not be sutured during primary treatment for the fear of introducing the virus into deeper tissue.
Thanks for Rabies Vaccine
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Rabies Management 
•1) Inj Rabipur = PCEC = Purified Chick Embryo Cell Vaccine = Total 6 Injections 
•1 dose Vial of Powder = 1 ml = Rs.400/- 
•Inj on Deltoid 
•Days = 0 – 3 – 7 – 14 – 1 month & 3 months
Rabies – Passive Immunization 
•If dog bites are multiple & deep 
•If dog bites on face & neck 
•Then , 
•Inj Berirab P ( Immunoglobulins) – 300 IU in 1 ml amp --- 3 to 4 ml IM – Injected away from the site of Inj Rabipur 
•Sr.TIG 1 ml is applied locally to the wound or infiltrated around it
Vaccine Site
Inj Rabipur 
•Can be given Intradermal ,in low dose 
•So more Economical 
•Suggested by Dr.Anant Phadke ,Mumbai 
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Intradermal schedule. 
•8 site intradermal schedule. 
•Sites : Deltoids, lateral thigh, suprascapular area and lower quadrant of abdomen. 
•Dose : 0.1ml ID 
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8 site intradermal schedule 
•Schedule : 
Day 0 : 0.1ml ID on 8 sites 
Day 7 : 0.1ml ID on 4 sites (Deltoid & thighs) 
Day 28 : 0.1ml on 1 site (Deltoid) 
Day 90 : 0.1ml on 1 site (Deltoid) 
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Rabies Management 
•2) Human Rabies Immuno Globulins 
•20 IU /KG body weight 
•60 kg person = 1200 IU 
•Half Dose s/c ,around wound & half dose IM 
•Price --- 3500/- for 1vial contains 150 IU/ml. (By Bharat serum/ Ranbaxy)Total cost may go around 16 thousand Rs 
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Prevention is better than cure 
•Persons exposed to Rabid animals – Veterinary Doctors ,Workers in forestry or in slaughter houses ,research workers doing animal experiments ,rural postmen 
•Prophylactic vaccine 
•Inj Rabipur 1 ml on days as – 0,7,21,1 year ,then every 3 years
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Rabies seen after bite of Carnivorous Animals 
•Dog,Cat ,Wolf ,Jackel
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Scropion Bite 
•2 Types of Scorpion 
•1) Black – 99% -- Pain is severe ,but not fatal .To releive pain – Inj.Xylocaine 2 % - around wound 
•Another way – Keep KMno4 crystals on the wound & sqeeze lemon on it
Red & Black Scorpion 
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Scorpion Bite 
•2 Types of Scorpion 
•2) Red Scorpion – found in Guhagar,Chiplun ,Kokan area of Maharashtra state of India,Pondechari 
•This bite can be Fatal 
•Tab Prazosin ( Minipress) – Drug invented by Dr.Bavaskar ( Actually this drug was previously used only as Anti Hypertensive ) 
•Dose of Prazosin –1mg stat followed by 0.25 to 0.5mg every 4 to 6 hours
Scorpion Bite 
•Scorpion Venom – Neurotoxic & Haematotoxic 
•Since only a small quantity of the venom is injected – mortality is very less 
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Symptoms of scorpion bite 
•Local – more severe than snake bite – pain,oedema & reddening 
•Systemic – Nausea,vomiting,restlessness,fever,convulsions,coma,cyanosis 
•The site of the bite is adentified as – Pinpoint puncture spot ,local sweating & oedema 
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Treatment of Scorpion bite 
•1) A tight ligature should be placed proximal to the bite. 
•2) Ice should be applied around 
•3) Severe pain often responds to local injection of emetine hydrochloride 30 mgm. given through the puncture made by the sting, if this is visible. 
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Treatment for Scorpion bite 
•If severe pain & sweating – 
•Inj Fortwin or Inj Pethidine 10 mg IM or IV stat 
•Inj Local Xylocaine 2 % -- Infiltrate around the site of bite 
•Tab Prazopress 1 mg stat or Tab Ciplar 40 mg stat ( Inchildren Tab Prazopress 1 mg one forth to one half tab)
Treatment for Scorpion bite 
•Systemic Involvement – 
•Profuse sweating 
•Ice cold extrmities 
•Priapism 
•Hypersalivation 
•Vomiting 
•Hypertension 
•Tachycardia 
•Pulmonary oedema
Treatment for Scorpion bite 
•Note – BP ,RR –every 10 min 
•Tab Prazopress 1 mg stat .Then ½ tab after 4 hrs .Then ½ tab ,every 6 hours – till systemic symptoms & signs disappear 
•If pain is severe -- Inj Fortwin 1cc IM or IV 
•If profuse sweating & dehydration – Inj Ringer lactate IV
Treatment for Scorpion bite 
•If BP > 150 / 100 – Cap Depin 5 mg sublingual .Can be repeated sos ,after ½ to 1 hour 
•In Tachycardia .PR >110 /min 
•Inj.Calmpose 2 cc IM or slow IV
Treatment for Scorpion bite 
•In Pulmonary oedema ( Breathlessness,Fine Basal Crepitions ) 
•Propped up position 
•Oxygen 
•Inj Lasix 2 to 4 amp IV stat 
•Inj Efcorlin 100 mg IV stat 
•Inj Aminophylline 10 ml + 25 % glucose 10 ml slow IV
Treatment for Scorpion bite 
•Life Threatening condition – severe Dyspnoea ,frothing through mouth 
•Sodium Nitroprusside drip – till pulmonary oedema is controlled 
•Inj Pruside 50 mg in 5 ml – added to 500 ml 5 % dextrose – 15 drops/min – can be increased upto 40 drops / min
Treatment of Scorpion bite 
•4) Alternatively, local injection of Novocaine and adrenaline around the puncture can be tried. 
•5) Application of tamarind juice locally may also relieve the pain. 
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Scorpion Bite 
•There is no specific Antidote for scorpion poison 
•Invention – by Dr.Bavaskar ,Mahad,Raigad,MS 
•Prazocin – Total protection against cardiac toxicity of Scorpion bite
Treatment of Scorpion bite 
•Wash wound with KMno4 water 
•Immobilization 
•Local infiltration of Anaesthetic 
•Inj. Calcium Gluconate IV – to control swelling 
•Inj Atropine to avoid pulmonary oedema 
•Inj Glucose, Saline & hydrocortisone 
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Scropion Bite 
•Scropion Venom Antiserum – Haffkine Bio pharmaceuticals cop Ltd,Mumbai .Dose is 1 vial reconstituted in 10 ml of Inj for water .If symptoms persist administer another vial after 1 hour 
•Dose --- 
•5–25 mL of antivenom diluted in two to three volumes of isotonic saline to be given intravenously over an hour. If there is no significant improvement, further doses of antivenom can be given (total dose of antivenom required is 30–100 mL in severe envenomation).
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Rat Bite 
•Inj TT 
•If Rat bite fever – Inj Penicilline G 
•Dose -- 
•3-5 million units IV 6 hourly. 
•Even in Rat bite ,better give Inj Rabipur ( Anti Rabies Injection also)
Rat Bite
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Rat Bite
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Rat Bite
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Rat Bite Fever 
•Infection caused by Spirillum Minus 
•Charaterised by Relapsing Fever ,arthritis & Skin eruptions 
•More common in infants 
•Incubation period – 1 to 6 weeks
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Rat Bite Fever 
•Clinical Features – 
•Local – Site becomes swollen ,purplish in colour,Lymphadenitis,draining the part 
•General – Fever with chill & rigor ,remains for 2 to 4 days 
•Then afebrile for 2 to 4 days .This cycle goes on 
•Headache,photophobia,nausea
10/10/2014 
Prof.Dr.R.R.Deshpande 
115 
Rat Bite Fever 
•Clinical Features – 
•General –- 
•Arthritis of 1 or more joints 
•Skin rashes of reddish or purplish patches often confluent & found in extremities ,asymmetrically 
•Course for – 4 to 8 weeks
10/10/2014 
Prof.Dr.R.R.Deshpande 
116 
Ayurved for General Practioner 
•Very very popular Book in Medical Practioners 
•100 common symptoms of General Practice with causes,Investigations & Ayurvedic Treatments
10/10/2014 
Prof.Dr.R.R.Deshpande 
117 
Clinical Examination 
•Systemic Examination of 8 systems 
•Ayurvedic Srotas Examination 
•Clinical significance of Lab Tests & Radiology,USG,2D Echo
10/10/2014 
Prof.Dr.R.R.Deshpande 
118 
Notes on Medicine Part 1 
•Very very useful Book for all Medical Practioners 
•Guidelines with causes,symptoms,Ayurvedic & Modern Treatments to treat Fever,Pain in Abdomen & Arthritis
10/10/2014 
Prof.Dr.R.R.Deshpande 
119 
Best Book for Medical Students & Practioners
Preventive Cardiology & Ayurvedic Management 
•Best Book for GP 
•All cardiac problems like Hypertention,CCF, 
Angina,Myocardial Infarct are discussed with Ayurvedic Management 
Contact -922 68 10 630 
10/10/2014 
Prof.Dr.R.R.Deshpande 
120
Digestive Problems & Ayurvedic Management 
•Best Book for GP 
•All Digestive problems like Acidity,Pain in abdomen, 
•Constipation ,colitis are discussed with Ayurvedic Management 
Contact -922 68 10 630 
10/10/2014 
Prof.Dr.R.R.Deshpande 
121
Gynaecological Problems & Ayurvedic Management 
•Best Book for GP 
•All Gynaecological problems like Heavy bleeding,White discharge,Infertility,cancer are discussed with Ayurvedic Management 
Contact -922 68 10 630 
10/10/2014 
Prof.Dr.R.R.Deshpande 
122
Arthritis,Backache & Ayurvedic Management 
•Best Book for GP 
•All Joint problems like Rheumatoid Arthritis,Osteoarthritis,Backache are discussed with Ayurvedic Management 
Contact -922 68 10 630 
10/10/2014 
Prof.Dr.R.R.Deshpande 
123
Neurological Problems & Ayurvedic Management 
•Best Book for GP 
•All Neurological problems like Headache,Epilepsy,Alzeimer’s Disease are discussed with Ayurvedic Management 
Contact -922 68 10 630 
10/10/2014 
Prof.Dr.R.R.Deshpande 
124
Ayurvedic Concept of Diet & Nutrition 
•Best Book for GP 
•Dietary Advice according to Prakruti ,Dietary prescriptions for many diseases are given 
•Contact -922 68 10 630 
10/10/2014 
Prof.Dr.R.R.Deshpande 
125
Prof.Dr.Deshpande’s Popular Links on Internet 
•Just Start Internet on Desk top or Lap top or on your mobile . Copy Following Link & Paste as Web address –URL 
•http://www.youtube.com/user/deshpande1959 
•http://www.slideshare.net/rajendra9a/ 
•http://www.mixcloud.com/jamdadey/ 
10/10/2014 
Prof.Dr.R.R.Deshpande 
126
Prof.Dr.Deshpande’s Popular Links on Internet 
•Just Start Internet on Desk top or Lap top or on your mobile . Copy Following Link & Paste as Web address –URL 
•http://professordeshpande.blogspot.in 
•http://professordrdeshpande.blogspot.in/ 
•http://www.mixcloud.com/rajendra- deshpande 
•https://soundcloud.com/professor- deshpande 
10/10/2014 
Prof.Dr.R.R.Deshpande 
127
10/10/2014 
Prof.Dr.R.R.Deshpande 
128
10/10/2014 
Prof.Dr.R.R.Deshpande 
129

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Snake Bite,Rabies,Scorpion Bite PPT – Presented By Prof.Dr.R.R.deshpande on 10-10-14

  • 1. 10/10/2014 Prof.Dr.R.R.Deshpande 1 Snake bite,Rabies,Scorpion Bite •Presented By – •Prof.Dr.R.R.Deshpande (M.D in Ayurvdic Medicine & M.D. in Ayurvedic Physiology) •www.ayurvedicfriend.com •Mobile – 922 68 10 630 •mailme.drrrdeshpande@rediffmail.com
  • 2. Special Thanks for Expertise suggestions •Prof.Dr.Jayant Phadke – HOD ,Toxicology Dept ,Ayurved college ,Nigdi ,Pune •Dr.Sohiel Deshpande,MBBS
  • 3. God of Health = God Dhanvantari
  • 4. 10/10/2014 Prof.Dr.R.R.Deshpande 4 Snake Bite •Toxic Snakes •1) Neuro Toxic – Nag ( Cobra) & Manyar (common Krait) •2) Haemotoxic or Vasculotoxic – Ghonas ( Russels viper ) & Furse ( Saw scaled Viper)
  • 5. Cobra & common krait 10/10/2014 Prof.Dr.R.R.Deshpande 5
  • 6. Russels viper & Saw scaled Viper 10/10/2014 Prof.Dr.R.R.Deshpande 6
  • 7. Difference of Poisonous & Non Poisonous Sr,No Poisonous Non Poisonous 1 Head Scales – Small Head Scales – Large 2 Body scales -- Large Body scales – small or moderate 3 Tail - Compressed Not so 4 Nocturnal Not so 5 Bite mark – 2 Fang marks No fang marks 10/10/2014 Prof.Dr.R.R.Deshpande 7
  • 8. Poisonous Snakes –Special Anatomical featurs •1) All poisonous snakes have broad ventral plates on the belly that extend right across. •2) All poisonous snakes have 2 fangs, which really are 2 prominent teeth besides many other small teeth. 10/10/2014 Prof.Dr.R.R.Deshpande 8
  • 9. Poisonous & Non Poisonous – Head Scales
  • 10. Poisonous & Non Poisonous - Body Scales
  • 11. After bite of Snake •1) A patient bitten by a poisonous snake will always complain of pain over the bitten area. •2) Two fang marks are always seen. The shape of an inverted U (∩). 10/10/2014 Prof.Dr.R.R.Deshpande 11
  • 12. After bite of Snake •3) Bite by poisonous snake should not be considered as serious poisoning every time, because the poison glands of the snake at the time of the bite might have been empty. •Also even a thin layer of clothing usually gives great protection. 10/10/2014 Prof.Dr.R.R.Deshpande 12
  • 13. After bite of Snake •4) Many times fright and panic leads to fainting. 10/10/2014 Prof.Dr.R.R.Deshpande 13
  • 14. 10/10/2014 Prof.Dr.R.R.Deshpande 14 Watch Symptoms •1) Elapids Neurotoxic – Cobra or Krait •Local – Mild Burning ,Triple Response i.e redness, swelling,inflammation •Systemic – Vomiting, Giddiness, Ptosis ,Difficulty in speaking & swalowing, Staggering gait ,Difficult respiration, Difficulty in motor Activities like hand & leg movements, spreading paralysis ( ascending from lower limbs), convulsions ,death may results within minutes or several hours due to respiratory failure
  • 15. 10/10/2014 Prof.Dr.R.R.Deshpande 15 Watch Symptoms •2) From Russell’s & saw scaled Vipers - Haemotoxic Symptoms – Local symptoms are more severe like Intense pain,swelling,Cellulitis,Ozzing of bloody serum & formation of blisters & necrosis •Systemic – Vomiting, Unconsciousness, Intravascular haemolysis, Epistaxsis, Haematuria, Haemetemesis, Bleeding under skin like Petechiae, Bleeding from orifices ,Hypotension.Death result from cardiovascular shock or renal failure
  • 16. 2 types of Snake Poison •3 stages can be seen in Paralytic Type •Stage 1 – Ptosis •Stage 2 – Difficulty in Swallowing •Stage 3 – Difficulty in Respiration , Paralysis
  • 17. 2 types of Snake Poison •Haemolytic Type •Local swelling around the bite appears quickly •Blood collected in bulb does not clot
  • 20. Signs of Poisoning •2 puncture marks ,3/4th to 1 cm apart can be of Poisonous snake bite
  • 21. When person can die ? •1) After bite of Elapidae –20 min to 6 hrs •2) After bite of Viperine – 2 to 4 days 10/10/2014 Prof.Dr.R.R.Deshpande 21
  • 23. Snake Bite Management •1) Snake bites should be treated as wounds. Antibiotics is given for secondary infection and Inj. Tetanus toxoid. •2) If the patient is completely alright 6-8 hours after the bite, he is usually out of danger. 10/10/2014 Prof.Dr.R.R.Deshpande 23
  • 24. Snake Bite Management •To Slow the absorption and spread of the poison: •1) Patient is prevented from walking. Bitten limb is immobilized, preferably in a splint. •2) Strip of cloth or handkerchief or a rubber tourniquet should applied a few cms. above the bitten area. Be released every 15 minutes for a period of one minute. •3) Tourniquet should not be too tight .It is just to occlude venous & lymphatic return 10/10/2014 Prof.Dr.R.R.Deshpande 24
  • 25. Snake Bite Management •4) Ice should be applied to and around the bitten area. •5) Immobilize the part .Because movements can cause more absorption of poison
  • 26. Snake Bite Management •4) The wound and the incision can be washed with very dilute solution of potassium permanganate. 10/10/2014 Prof.Dr.R.R.Deshpande 26
  • 27. Snake Bite Management •When there are No signs of Poison – •Tab Diazepam – 1 tab stat as a Tranquilizer •Tab Paracetamol – As Analgesic
  • 28. Wait & Watch for min 6 hours •Look following signs of Poisoning •1) Ptosis •2) Local swelling •3) Dysphagia •4) Difficulty in breathing
  • 29. Snake Bite Management •In Paralytic Type – •If Ptosis or Dysphagia develops ,take immediate action •If GP & do not have ASV – shift to appropriate hospital •Respiratory Paralysis is an Emergency
  • 30. Snake Bite Management •Neutralize the poison by -- 1)Injection of anti venom. Most effective if administered within 1 to 4 hours of the bite. 2) Old Thought -- Sensitivity tests must be done. If the patient is not sensitive, 5cc. of the serum should be injected locally around the wound. Avoid local infiltration into a finger or a toe 10/10/2014 Prof.Dr.R.R.Deshpande 30
  • 31. Snake Bite Management •ASV vial contains powder. Dissolve in 10 ml of sterile water for injection. •Give ½ cc IV as Test Dose .Watch for 2 min for Urticaria •If no allergy ,inject Full dose •New Thought in 2014 -- Sensitivity tests are no longer recommended because they are unreliable and may even lead to sensitisation of patient before the actual therapeutic dose.
  • 32. Snake Venom Antiserum •Manufactured by Vins Bioproducts Limited Survey no 117 Thimmapur (V) 509325,Kothur (Mandal) ,Mahaboobnagar ( Dist) ,Andhra Pradesh,India
  • 33. Snake Venom Antiserum •Each 1 ml of has capacity of specifically neutralising the venom of following species of Snake •O.60 mg of dried Indian Cobra venom •0.45 mg of dried common Krait Venom •0.60 mg of dried Russell’s viper venom •0.45 mg of dried Saw scaled Viper
  • 34. Snake Venom Antiserum •Reconstituted antivenin is administered as soon as possible ,if clear cut signs or symptoms of envenomation are evident
  • 35. Snake Venom Antiserum •It can be administered in 2 ways •1) Intravenous injections – Reconstituted antivenin is administered by slow intravenous injection ( 1 to 2 ml per minute) •2) Infusion – Reconstituted antivenin is diluted in isotonic saline or glucose solution ( 5 to 10 ml per kg body weight)
  • 36. Snake Venom Antiserum •At present there is no simple method to measure the amount of circulating venom in the body. •So dose of Antivenin can not be accurately recommended •The dose also depends on the type of snake bite & severity of envenomation
  • 37. Snake Venom Antiserum •Presentation – Snake venom antiserum IP is supplied as freeze dried powder in glass vials .Sterile water for Injection IP is supplied in 10 ml vials •The antivenin is also supplied as 10 ml liquid in glass vials
  • 38. Snake Venom Antiserum •Disposal – Left over antivenin & used empty vials should be discarded as biomedical waste
  • 39. Snake Venom Antiserum •2 vials are usually injected directly by IV route slowly ( 1 to 2 ml per minute) & taking care of sensitivity reaction •2 more vials are given after half an hour to one hour ,if the symptoms of envenomation persists. •Further dose can be given with IV fluids,till envenomation symptoms subside
  • 40. Snake Venom Antiserum •The patient should be closely monitored for 2 hours •Local administration of antivenin in or around the bite site is ineffective ,painful & may raise intra compartmental pressure particularly in digits .So not recommended
  • 41. Snake Venom Antiserum •Antivenin Reactions – Anaphylaxis is life threatening . •Anaphylaxis can be rapid onset & can deteriorate into a life threatening emergency very quickly •Patient should be monitored closely & at the first sign of any of the following ,anti venin should be discontinued
  • 42. Snake Venom Antiserum •Anaphylaxis – •Indicating signs & symptoms – Urticaria, Itching, fever, chills or rigors, vomiting, diarrhoea, abdominal cramps, Tachycardia, Hypotension, Bronchospasm, angioedema.
  • 43. Snake Venom Antiserum •Anaphylaxis – 0.5 mg of 1: 1000 Adrenaline IM •Children – Adrenaline IM – 0.01 mg/kg body weight
  • 44. Snake Venom Antiserum •Anaphylaxis – To provide longer term protection against Anaphylactoid reaction ,100 mg of Hydrocortisone & 10 mg of H1 antihistamine ,IV •Children – 0.2 mg/kg of Anti histamine IV & 2 mg /kg of Hydrocortisone IV
  • 45. Snake Venom Antiserum •Anaphylaxis – If the condition is worsening ,a second dose of 0.5 mg of Adrenaline 1:1000 IM ,may be given
  • 46. Snake Bite Management •Inj ASV 1 to 4 vials ,slow IV •Then 1 vial ,every 15 to 30 min ,till the signs start reversing •Inj Atropine 2 amp IV ,to control excess salivation •Inj Neostigmine 4 amp IV
  • 47. Snake Bite Management •Associated Treatment – Pain – Paracetamol •Aspirin or other NSAIDS should not be given – can excerbate bleeding •For severe pain – mild opiates – Tramodol 50 mg •Neostigmine is Anti cholinesterase drug – prolongs the action of Acetylcholine – revert respiratory failure & Neurotoxic symptoms – 0.5 mg IM ,half hourly + 0.6 mg of Atropine IV ,over an 8 hour period by continuous infusion
  • 48. Snake Bite Management •In Dysphagia – Continuous throat suction •In Respiratory Paralysis – Endotracheal Intubation, Artificial Respiration •Total 10 to 15 vials of ASV may be required in Respiratory Paralysis
  • 49. Snake Bite Management •Haemolytic Type – •Inj Decadron 2 cc IV stat •Inj Avil 1 amp IV stat •Inj ASV 2 to 6 vials IV slowly ( Old Thought -- AST) •Repeat Inj ASV ,if local swelling continues to increase •Repeat CT ,every 4 to 6 hours
  • 50. Snake Bite Management •Haemolytic Type •Inj ASV 1 vial ,if Local swelling continues to increase •Locally -- around the site- • Inj ASC -1 to 2 ml •Elevation of Leg •Application of Thrombophob ointment •Megasulph compresses
  • 51. Snake Bite Management •Haemolytic Type •Local – •If Oedema is very less then, •Apply -- Elastrocrepe bandage •After 6 hours ,remove the bandage + watch Skin •If necessary -- Reapply
  • 52. Snake Bite Management •Haemolytic Type •When oedema becomes severe ,Skin becomes bluish black ,Circulation of toes is diminished --- •Then to save the limb ,emergency Faciotomy incisions must be taken
  • 53. Snake Bite Management •Haemolytic Type •In advanced cases ,we must look for Haematuria, Bleeding from other sites like nose, skin, check urine output.
  • 54. Snake Bite Management •Haemolytic Type -- •In cases of bleeding – •BT is given •When possible – Platelet Transfusion is given •Inj Fibrinogen 300 to 600 mg IV •Inj Heparin –if DIC [ New Thought in 2014 - Heparin is ineffective against venom induced Thrombin and should never be used]
  • 55. Snake Bite Management •Haemolytic Type •When urine out put reduces – •Inj Mannitol 300 ml IV •Inj Lasix 2 amp IV stat & repeat sos •Inj Decadron 2cc IV – 6 hrly •In Renal failure ( Urea & Creatinine level increases) – Peritoneal Dialysis is done
  • 56. Snake Bite Management •After giving adrenaline 1:1000 solution I.M. ½ c.c. and antihistaminic, 30 c.c. of the serum should be added to 300 c.c. or normal saline and given as I.V. drip in 1 to 2 hours. •[ New Thought in 2014 - Prophylactic Adrenaline should not be given as a routine] 10/10/2014 Prof.Dr.R.R.Deshpande 56
  • 57. Snake Bite Management •Old Thought -- Patients who are, sensitive, desensitization should be done. Under the cover of adrenaline, antihistaminic and steroids, small doses are injected till 40 c.c. of serum I.M. are given. •New Thought in 2014 -- In sensitive patients Adrenaline , Antihistaminics and steroids can be given prophylactically but ASV is always given IV only 10/10/2014 Prof.Dr.R.R.Deshpande 57
  • 58. Snake Bite Management • Symptomatic treatment: •1) Inj. Pethidine (not morphine) 50 mg. I.M. or Inj. Largactil 25 mgm. I.M. is given for pain. •2) Inj. Streptopenicillin •3) Inj. Tetanus Toxoid 10/10/2014 Prof.Dr.R.R.Deshpande 58
  • 59. Snake Bite Management •4) I.V. steroid is given in massive doses e.g. in serious patients, 300mgm. Efcorlin I.V. to start and 200 mgm. as slow I.V. drip later. •5) If B.P. is falling, Inj. Lomodex or glucose saline with two ampoules of Noradrenaline or 100 mgm. Inj. Mephentine is added to the bottle 10/10/2014 Prof.Dr.R.R.Deshpande 59
  • 60. When Hospital Admission is must in Snake Bite ? • Patients who start bleeding extensively or • Develop blackish red urine or •Extensive paralysis 10/10/2014 Prof.Dr.R.R.Deshpande 60
  • 61. 10/10/2014 Prof.Dr.R.R.Deshpande 61 Snake Bite Management •Assurance – Relieve fear & Anxiety •Clean the bite area with soap & water •Symptomatic & General Treatment -- •Wait & watch – First just give Inj TT+ IV DNS + Antibiotics, Anti histaminics, Analgesics, Steroids, Blood Transfusion, Artificial respiration, Haemodyalysis etc .If absolute No symptoms except fear & Patient is alright ,not necessary to give ASV
  • 62. Treatment of absorbed venom •1) In Elapids – Alternate 0.6 mg Inj. Atropine & 0.5 mg Neostigmine •In paralytic cases – Inj.Adrenaline – s/c & Inj Calcium chloride – I/M 10/10/2014 Prof.Dr.R.R.Deshpande 62
  • 63. Treatment of absorbed venom •2) In Vipers – •30,000 to 40,000 Units Inj Heparin •[Heparin not to be used] •300 to 600 gms – Inj Fibrinogen •Also used are fresh whole blood, Platelets or Fresh frozen plasma(FFP). 10/10/2014 Prof.Dr.R.R.Deshpande 63
  • 64. 10/10/2014 Prof.Dr.R.R.Deshpande 64 Anti Snake Venom •1) Powder form – ASV – By Serum Institute of India ( SII) –This is PAVS = Polyvalent Anti snake Venom Serum .Price – Rs 400/- for Powder to form 10 ml solution •Also available Powder by Haffkine Bio Pharma ,Mumbai .10 ml .Rs 400/-
  • 65. 10/10/2014 Prof.Dr.R.R.Deshpande 65 Anti Snake Venom •2) Liquid Form – By Bharat Company,Thane ,Mumbai.For IV – 10 ml vial .Rs.400/-
  • 66. 10/10/2014 Prof.Dr.R.R.Deshpande 66 How to Administer ASV ? •1) Old Thought -- Test Dose – 0.01 ml by Insulin Syringe s/c --- New Thought -- Not Recommended as unreliable. •If No Allergic reactions – •10 ml Liquid ASV in 500 ml DNS .Speed 30 drops per min •Constant watch in the Improvement of Symptoms or Toxic or Side effects of ASV
  • 67. 10/10/2014 Prof.Dr.R.R.Deshpande 67 ASV & Blood Test •1) PT,BT,CT – For Viperidae ( Ghonas & Phurse ) Haemotoxic
  • 68. Blood Tests •20 WBCT : 2ml fresh venous blood collected in Glass bulb.Keep undisturbed for 20 minutes.Slightly tilt the bulb and check for clotting. Normally the blood should have clotted by the end of 20 minutes. Repeat test after 6 hours. •BT/CT •Platelet count : May be decreased in viper bite. •PT : Normal is 12-14 seconds. •TLC/DLC : May show neutrophil predominant leucocytosis. 10/10/2014 Prof.Dr.R.R.Deshpande 68
  • 69. Snake Bite •Tab Pinak – Herbal Tablet •http://www.shreebharadiayurpharma.com/tabpinak.html •http://www.shreebharadiayurpharma.com/ studypinaksasun.html ( Study in Sassoon Hosp,Pune) 10/10/2014 Prof.Dr.R.R.Deshpande 69
  • 70. Rabies or Hydrophobia •Infectious disease – due to Neurotropic filtrable virus ,transmitted by the bite or lick of an infected dog •Incubation period – 10 days to several months 10/10/2014 Prof.Dr.R.R.Deshpande 70
  • 71. 10/10/2014 Prof.Dr.R.R.Deshpande 71 Rabies – Symptoms •1) Premonitory – Stage lasts for 2 days .Pain & discomfort at the site of bite.Irritable even to slight noise – cause spasm of different muscles like muscles of swallowing •2) Stage of Irritability – Spasm of different muscles ,particularly deglutition •Can not speak or drink
  • 72. Rabies – Symptoms •2) Contd – •Even sight of water may initiate spasm •Muscles of Larynx etc undergo spasmodic contraction. •Respiration becomes difficult .RR – Increased •Cyanosis, Hoarseness of voice, Jerks become brisk •Stage lasts for 3 days .Then Heart Failure 10/10/2014 Prof.Dr.R.R.Deshpande 72
  • 73. Rabies – Symptoms •3) Stage of Paralysis – •Paralysis of different muscle groups like respiration,Heart. •Stage lasts for few hours & then Death •Death is inevitable •So take immediate injection after dog bite 10/10/2014 Prof.Dr.R.R.Deshpande 73
  • 74. Do not kill the Dog •The dog in question should never be killed •Rather it should be kept under observation for 10 days •If Dog is normal & live after 5 days – Chances of Rabies are almost zero & so no worry •If dog behaves abnormal or dies in this period ,& then if Negri bodies are found in the Brain in postmartem –Then Diagnosis is confirmed of Rabies 10/10/2014 Prof.Dr.R.R.Deshpande 74
  • 75. When full Immunization is must ? •Rabies is a Fatal disease •So dog is unknown or street dog or difficult to keep watch or people killed the dog – Then Full Immunization for Rabies is must •Do not avoid Treatment of Rabies ,because it is Fatal disease ( Death of Rabies patient is 100%) •In Pune (MS)India ,these patients are isolated in Naidu Hospital
  • 76. Catch Rabied Dog 10/10/2014 Prof.Dr.R.R.Deshpande 76
  • 77. Rabid Dog – Post mortem
  • 78. Rabid Dog Bite prevention
  • 82. 10/10/2014 Prof.Dr.R.R.Deshpande 82 Rabies – Local care •Wash the wound repeatedly with soap & flowing water for atleast 15 mins. •Clean the wound with 70% alcohol or Iodine ( under LA) •If CLW is small – Do not suture •If CLW is large – Suture loosely with drain after 24 hours •Bite wound should not be sutured during primary treatment for the fear of introducing the virus into deeper tissue.
  • 83. Thanks for Rabies Vaccine
  • 84. 10/10/2014 Prof.Dr.R.R.Deshpande 84 Rabies Management •1) Inj Rabipur = PCEC = Purified Chick Embryo Cell Vaccine = Total 6 Injections •1 dose Vial of Powder = 1 ml = Rs.400/- •Inj on Deltoid •Days = 0 – 3 – 7 – 14 – 1 month & 3 months
  • 85. Rabies – Passive Immunization •If dog bites are multiple & deep •If dog bites on face & neck •Then , •Inj Berirab P ( Immunoglobulins) – 300 IU in 1 ml amp --- 3 to 4 ml IM – Injected away from the site of Inj Rabipur •Sr.TIG 1 ml is applied locally to the wound or infiltrated around it
  • 87. Inj Rabipur •Can be given Intradermal ,in low dose •So more Economical •Suggested by Dr.Anant Phadke ,Mumbai 10/10/2014 Prof.Dr.R.R.Deshpande 87
  • 88. Intradermal schedule. •8 site intradermal schedule. •Sites : Deltoids, lateral thigh, suprascapular area and lower quadrant of abdomen. •Dose : 0.1ml ID 10/10/2014 Prof.Dr.R.R.Deshpande 88
  • 89. 8 site intradermal schedule •Schedule : Day 0 : 0.1ml ID on 8 sites Day 7 : 0.1ml ID on 4 sites (Deltoid & thighs) Day 28 : 0.1ml on 1 site (Deltoid) Day 90 : 0.1ml on 1 site (Deltoid) 10/10/2014 Prof.Dr.R.R.Deshpande 89
  • 90. Rabies Management •2) Human Rabies Immuno Globulins •20 IU /KG body weight •60 kg person = 1200 IU •Half Dose s/c ,around wound & half dose IM •Price --- 3500/- for 1vial contains 150 IU/ml. (By Bharat serum/ Ranbaxy)Total cost may go around 16 thousand Rs 10/10/2014 Prof.Dr.R.R.Deshpande 90
  • 91. Prevention is better than cure •Persons exposed to Rabid animals – Veterinary Doctors ,Workers in forestry or in slaughter houses ,research workers doing animal experiments ,rural postmen •Prophylactic vaccine •Inj Rabipur 1 ml on days as – 0,7,21,1 year ,then every 3 years
  • 92. 10/10/2014 Prof.Dr.R.R.Deshpande 92 Rabies seen after bite of Carnivorous Animals •Dog,Cat ,Wolf ,Jackel
  • 93. 10/10/2014 Prof.Dr.R.R.Deshpande 93 Scropion Bite •2 Types of Scorpion •1) Black – 99% -- Pain is severe ,but not fatal .To releive pain – Inj.Xylocaine 2 % - around wound •Another way – Keep KMno4 crystals on the wound & sqeeze lemon on it
  • 94. Red & Black Scorpion 10/10/2014 Prof.Dr.R.R.Deshpande 94
  • 95. 10/10/2014 Prof.Dr.R.R.Deshpande 95 Scorpion Bite •2 Types of Scorpion •2) Red Scorpion – found in Guhagar,Chiplun ,Kokan area of Maharashtra state of India,Pondechari •This bite can be Fatal •Tab Prazosin ( Minipress) – Drug invented by Dr.Bavaskar ( Actually this drug was previously used only as Anti Hypertensive ) •Dose of Prazosin –1mg stat followed by 0.25 to 0.5mg every 4 to 6 hours
  • 96. Scorpion Bite •Scorpion Venom – Neurotoxic & Haematotoxic •Since only a small quantity of the venom is injected – mortality is very less 10/10/2014 Prof.Dr.R.R.Deshpande 96
  • 97. Symptoms of scorpion bite •Local – more severe than snake bite – pain,oedema & reddening •Systemic – Nausea,vomiting,restlessness,fever,convulsions,coma,cyanosis •The site of the bite is adentified as – Pinpoint puncture spot ,local sweating & oedema 10/10/2014 Prof.Dr.R.R.Deshpande 97
  • 98. Treatment of Scorpion bite •1) A tight ligature should be placed proximal to the bite. •2) Ice should be applied around •3) Severe pain often responds to local injection of emetine hydrochloride 30 mgm. given through the puncture made by the sting, if this is visible. 10/10/2014 Prof.Dr.R.R.Deshpande 98
  • 99. Treatment for Scorpion bite •If severe pain & sweating – •Inj Fortwin or Inj Pethidine 10 mg IM or IV stat •Inj Local Xylocaine 2 % -- Infiltrate around the site of bite •Tab Prazopress 1 mg stat or Tab Ciplar 40 mg stat ( Inchildren Tab Prazopress 1 mg one forth to one half tab)
  • 100. Treatment for Scorpion bite •Systemic Involvement – •Profuse sweating •Ice cold extrmities •Priapism •Hypersalivation •Vomiting •Hypertension •Tachycardia •Pulmonary oedema
  • 101. Treatment for Scorpion bite •Note – BP ,RR –every 10 min •Tab Prazopress 1 mg stat .Then ½ tab after 4 hrs .Then ½ tab ,every 6 hours – till systemic symptoms & signs disappear •If pain is severe -- Inj Fortwin 1cc IM or IV •If profuse sweating & dehydration – Inj Ringer lactate IV
  • 102. Treatment for Scorpion bite •If BP > 150 / 100 – Cap Depin 5 mg sublingual .Can be repeated sos ,after ½ to 1 hour •In Tachycardia .PR >110 /min •Inj.Calmpose 2 cc IM or slow IV
  • 103. Treatment for Scorpion bite •In Pulmonary oedema ( Breathlessness,Fine Basal Crepitions ) •Propped up position •Oxygen •Inj Lasix 2 to 4 amp IV stat •Inj Efcorlin 100 mg IV stat •Inj Aminophylline 10 ml + 25 % glucose 10 ml slow IV
  • 104. Treatment for Scorpion bite •Life Threatening condition – severe Dyspnoea ,frothing through mouth •Sodium Nitroprusside drip – till pulmonary oedema is controlled •Inj Pruside 50 mg in 5 ml – added to 500 ml 5 % dextrose – 15 drops/min – can be increased upto 40 drops / min
  • 105. Treatment of Scorpion bite •4) Alternatively, local injection of Novocaine and adrenaline around the puncture can be tried. •5) Application of tamarind juice locally may also relieve the pain. 10/10/2014 Prof.Dr.R.R.Deshpande 105
  • 106. Scorpion Bite •There is no specific Antidote for scorpion poison •Invention – by Dr.Bavaskar ,Mahad,Raigad,MS •Prazocin – Total protection against cardiac toxicity of Scorpion bite
  • 107. Treatment of Scorpion bite •Wash wound with KMno4 water •Immobilization •Local infiltration of Anaesthetic •Inj. Calcium Gluconate IV – to control swelling •Inj Atropine to avoid pulmonary oedema •Inj Glucose, Saline & hydrocortisone 10/10/2014 Prof.Dr.R.R.Deshpande 107
  • 108. 10/10/2014 Prof.Dr.R.R.Deshpande 108 Scropion Bite •Scropion Venom Antiserum – Haffkine Bio pharmaceuticals cop Ltd,Mumbai .Dose is 1 vial reconstituted in 10 ml of Inj for water .If symptoms persist administer another vial after 1 hour •Dose --- •5–25 mL of antivenom diluted in two to three volumes of isotonic saline to be given intravenously over an hour. If there is no significant improvement, further doses of antivenom can be given (total dose of antivenom required is 30–100 mL in severe envenomation).
  • 109. 10/10/2014 Prof.Dr.R.R.Deshpande 109 Rat Bite •Inj TT •If Rat bite fever – Inj Penicilline G •Dose -- •3-5 million units IV 6 hourly. •Even in Rat bite ,better give Inj Rabipur ( Anti Rabies Injection also)
  • 113. 10/10/2014 Prof.Dr.R.R.Deshpande 113 Rat Bite Fever •Infection caused by Spirillum Minus •Charaterised by Relapsing Fever ,arthritis & Skin eruptions •More common in infants •Incubation period – 1 to 6 weeks
  • 114. 10/10/2014 Prof.Dr.R.R.Deshpande 114 Rat Bite Fever •Clinical Features – •Local – Site becomes swollen ,purplish in colour,Lymphadenitis,draining the part •General – Fever with chill & rigor ,remains for 2 to 4 days •Then afebrile for 2 to 4 days .This cycle goes on •Headache,photophobia,nausea
  • 115. 10/10/2014 Prof.Dr.R.R.Deshpande 115 Rat Bite Fever •Clinical Features – •General –- •Arthritis of 1 or more joints •Skin rashes of reddish or purplish patches often confluent & found in extremities ,asymmetrically •Course for – 4 to 8 weeks
  • 116. 10/10/2014 Prof.Dr.R.R.Deshpande 116 Ayurved for General Practioner •Very very popular Book in Medical Practioners •100 common symptoms of General Practice with causes,Investigations & Ayurvedic Treatments
  • 117. 10/10/2014 Prof.Dr.R.R.Deshpande 117 Clinical Examination •Systemic Examination of 8 systems •Ayurvedic Srotas Examination •Clinical significance of Lab Tests & Radiology,USG,2D Echo
  • 118. 10/10/2014 Prof.Dr.R.R.Deshpande 118 Notes on Medicine Part 1 •Very very useful Book for all Medical Practioners •Guidelines with causes,symptoms,Ayurvedic & Modern Treatments to treat Fever,Pain in Abdomen & Arthritis
  • 119. 10/10/2014 Prof.Dr.R.R.Deshpande 119 Best Book for Medical Students & Practioners
  • 120. Preventive Cardiology & Ayurvedic Management •Best Book for GP •All cardiac problems like Hypertention,CCF, Angina,Myocardial Infarct are discussed with Ayurvedic Management Contact -922 68 10 630 10/10/2014 Prof.Dr.R.R.Deshpande 120
  • 121. Digestive Problems & Ayurvedic Management •Best Book for GP •All Digestive problems like Acidity,Pain in abdomen, •Constipation ,colitis are discussed with Ayurvedic Management Contact -922 68 10 630 10/10/2014 Prof.Dr.R.R.Deshpande 121
  • 122. Gynaecological Problems & Ayurvedic Management •Best Book for GP •All Gynaecological problems like Heavy bleeding,White discharge,Infertility,cancer are discussed with Ayurvedic Management Contact -922 68 10 630 10/10/2014 Prof.Dr.R.R.Deshpande 122
  • 123. Arthritis,Backache & Ayurvedic Management •Best Book for GP •All Joint problems like Rheumatoid Arthritis,Osteoarthritis,Backache are discussed with Ayurvedic Management Contact -922 68 10 630 10/10/2014 Prof.Dr.R.R.Deshpande 123
  • 124. Neurological Problems & Ayurvedic Management •Best Book for GP •All Neurological problems like Headache,Epilepsy,Alzeimer’s Disease are discussed with Ayurvedic Management Contact -922 68 10 630 10/10/2014 Prof.Dr.R.R.Deshpande 124
  • 125. Ayurvedic Concept of Diet & Nutrition •Best Book for GP •Dietary Advice according to Prakruti ,Dietary prescriptions for many diseases are given •Contact -922 68 10 630 10/10/2014 Prof.Dr.R.R.Deshpande 125
  • 126. Prof.Dr.Deshpande’s Popular Links on Internet •Just Start Internet on Desk top or Lap top or on your mobile . Copy Following Link & Paste as Web address –URL •http://www.youtube.com/user/deshpande1959 •http://www.slideshare.net/rajendra9a/ •http://www.mixcloud.com/jamdadey/ 10/10/2014 Prof.Dr.R.R.Deshpande 126
  • 127. Prof.Dr.Deshpande’s Popular Links on Internet •Just Start Internet on Desk top or Lap top or on your mobile . Copy Following Link & Paste as Web address –URL •http://professordeshpande.blogspot.in •http://professordrdeshpande.blogspot.in/ •http://www.mixcloud.com/rajendra- deshpande •https://soundcloud.com/professor- deshpande 10/10/2014 Prof.Dr.R.R.Deshpande 127