Dravyaguna vignyan ppt

9/27/2019 Prof.Dr.R.R.Deshpande 1
1
Dravyaguna PPT
• Presented By –
• Prof.Dr.R.R.Deshpande (M.D in Ayurvdic
Medicine & M.D. in Ayurvedic Physiology)
• www.ayurvedicfriend.com
• Mobile – 922 68 10 630
• professordeshpande@gmail.com
• www.ayurvedicfriend.com

Dravyaguna PPT
• This PPT is very useful for students ,teachers
of 2nd BAMS
• Also useful for Medical Practitioners
• PPT includes Medicinal plants mentioned in
CCIM Syllabus
• PPT Contain --- Latin Name ,Useful part ,Type
of plant –Tree or herb or creeper ,Description
of leaves ,Product Picture of Plant

Purpose of PPT
• I personally believe that Ayurvedic Vaidyas
need not to be Excellent in Pharmacognosy –
Identification of Medicinal Herbs

• Ayurvedic Students must be taught mainly
Properties ,Indications ,Contraindications
,Product with doses of Medicinal herbs
9/27/2019 3Prof.Dr.R.R.Deshpande

Purpose of PPT
• Still ,If Ayurvedic students Know overall Type
of Medicinal Herb like whether it is tree ,Shrub
,Creeper + Appearance of leaves –it will be
useful to built confidence ,specially for
spotting or Viva of Dravyaguna Subject
• Latin names are useful ,while understanding
contents of Market products
• Hence PPT is prepared

Base of PPT
• CCIM Syllabus of Dravyaguna Vignyan in 2nd BAMS
• There are 2 Groups of Plants
• Study of Plants in First Group –In Detail
• Study of Plants in Second Group –Not in Detail
• In this PPT –Only plants from First Group are taken
–Paper 2 Part A –Download PDF
• https://www.ccimindia.org/downloads/Final%20IInd
%20Year%20syllabus%20of%20BAMS.pdf
• Copy & Paste Link on Internet

Ayurvedic Classes are available
• Personal Private classes or On line Classes are
available for All Ayurvedic students from all
over India
• Classes for All subjects like Kriya Sharir
,Rachana,Nidan ,Dravyaguna,Rasa Shastra
,Chikitsa,Panchakarma ,Shalya,Shalakya
,Striroga,Balrog etc
• Language for Teaching – As per student’s
choice – Marathi, Hindi & English

Ayurvedic Classes are available
• Classes will be based on CCIM Syllabus
• Classes will cover Ayurvedic as well as
Modern Part
• Classes will you make confident for Exam as
well as Medical Practice
• Contact – 922 68 10 630
• Contact – professordeshpande@gmail.com

Height Of Tree
• Always mentioned in many books in
Meters
• Many students understand Height in Feet
• 1 Meter = 3.28 Feet

1) Agaru
• Aqilaria Agalocha
• Kandasar ,Tail
• Evergreen tree -22 meters ( 73 Feet)
• Leaf –Leathery ,thin, lanceolate ,5-7 cm long
• The inner wood known as aguru –dark ,heavy
with pleasant smell ,sink in water
• 3 to 4 Kg of aguru is obtained from 50 yr old
tree

1) Agaru

2) Agnimantha
• Premna mucronata
• Leaf ,root bark
• Tree – 10 meter = 32 feet
• Stem bark –smoky
• Leaf – Opposite ,5 – 15 cm long ,tapering at
both ends ,hind surface covered with fine hair

2) Agnimantha

3) Ahiphen
• Papaver soniferum
• Niryasa,seeds ,fruit skin ( poppy)
• 1.5 m = 5 feet - tall annual herb
• Leaves –Cordate base, oblong
irregularly toothed
• Seeds – White or blakish = Khuskhus

3) Ahiphen

4) Amalaki
• Emblica Officinalis
• Fruit
• Medium Size Tree – 10 m = 33 feet
• Leaf – Oblong ,resembling that od Chincha but
smaller & thinner
• Fruit – Rounded .1 to 2.5 cm diameter ,fleshy,
greenish yellow when raw & reddish yellow when
ripe . 6 Vertical lines on the fruit
• Chavanprash

4) Amalaki

5) Apamarga
• Achyranthes aspera
• Root ,Leaf ,Panchang ,Tandula ( seed)
• An herb 0.33 to 1 m = 1 to 3 feet - with
branched or unbranched stem
• Leaf – 2.5 to 12 cm long ,ovate &
glabrous ( smooth)
• Apamarga Tail

5) Apamarga

6) Aragvadha
• Cassia Fistula
• Fruit pulp ,Fruit bark ,flower,leaf ,root
bark
• 8 to 10 m = 26 to 33 Feet - Tall tree
• Leaf – Compound ,about 25 cm long with
8 to 16 pairs of leaflets
• Aragvadharishta

6) Aragvadha

7) Ardrak -Sunthi
• Zinziber officinalis
• Ardrak = wet rhizome
• Sunthi = Dry rhizome
• A pernnial plant with rhizome
• Leaf – 15 to 30 cm long ,2.5 cm broad ,smooth
surface ,tapering towards apex
• Ardrakavaleha, Panchasama churna
Saubhagya sunthi pak

7) Ardrak -Sunthi

8) Arjuna
• Terminalia arjuna
• Tvak ( Bark)
• 20 to 25 m = 66 to 82 feet - tall tree
• Leaf – 5 to 9 cm ,long ,oblong
• Arjunarishta ,Arjun Kshirpak

8) Arjuna

9) Ardrak - dwaya
• Check Number 7
• Kindly Note in the Syllabus of Dravyaguna
vignyan -- CCIM 2012 –
• Many herbs are printed twice ?? Printing
Mistakes ??

10) Ashvagandha
• Withania Somnifera
• Root
• A hairy ,thick shaded herb ,0.5 to 2 m = 2
to 7 feet - tall
• Leaf – Alternate ,5 to 10 cm long covered
with white hair
• Ashvagandharishta

10) Ashvagandha

11) Ashoka
• Saraca Asoca
• Tvak ,Beeja ,Pushpa
• 8 to 10 m = 26 to 33 feet tall evergreen
treee
• Leaf – 8 to 16 cm long ,they resemble
those of mango
• Ashokarishta

11) Ashoka

12) Ativisha
• Aconitum heterophyllum
• Root
• 1 to 1.5 m = 3 to 5 feet - tall herb with a
branched & hairy upper part
• Leaves – 5 to 10 cm long ,glabrous ,short
petiolate or sessile ,ovate & cordate
• Ativishadi churna ,Balchaturbhadra
Churna,Shrugyadi Churna

12) Ativisha

13) Bakuchi
• Psoralea  corylifolia
• Beeja ,Beeja  taila
• 0.5 to 1.5 m = 2 to 5 feet -  tall annual herb
• Leaf – 2.5 to 8 cm long ,cordate ,alternate with
serrated margins
• Khadirarishta, Bakuchi Tail, Mahamanjisthadi
Kwath, Shwitraharvati

13) Bakuchi

14) Bala -Dvayam
• Bala & Atibala
• Sida cordifolia
• Root ,seed ,leaves
• 0.75 to 1.5 m = 2 to 5 Feet - tall herb
• Leaves – Alternate ,2.5 to 7 cm ,covered with fine
hairs ,cordate ,7 to 9 veined & serrated margin
• Balarishta ,Bala Guduchyadi Tail ,Dhanvantatam Tail

14) Bala -Dvayam

14) Bala -Dvayam
• Atibala
• Abutilon Indicum
• Root & seeds
• 1.25 to 2 m = 4 to 7 feet - tall shrub ( gulma)
• Leaves – Covered with soft hair ,margins
serrated

15) Bhallatak
• Semicarpus Anacardium
• Fruit ,seed ,seed oil
• A tree – 7 to 8 m = 23 to 26 Feet - tall
• Leaves – 30 to 75 cm long ,12 to 30 cm
broad ,terminal ,oblong with rounded tip
with 16 to 25 pairs of veins
• Bhallatakasav ,Sanjivani Vati

15) Bhallatak

16) Bharangi
• Clerodendron serratum
• Root
• 0.33 to 3 m = 2 to 10 Feet - tall ,Thickly
growing perinnial herb
• Leaf – Rough ,7 to 15 x 5 cm ,pointed at
apex with serrated margins
• Bharangi Avaleha

16) Bharangi

17) Bhrugaraj
• Eclipta alba
• Panchanga ,Beeja
• A perinnial herb 10 to 15 cm = Half Foot - long
erect or spreading on the ground
• Leaf – 3 to 5 cm long ,bulging in the middle
tapering at the base ,elongated at apex blakish
green ,serrated margins
• Bhrungarajasav ,Shadbindu tail

17) Bhrugaraj

18) Bibhitak
• Terminalia Belerica
• Fruit
• Tree 20 to 26 m = 66 to 85 feet - Tall
• Leaf – 8 to 16 cm long & broad ,resembling
that of Banyan tree .2 Nodules at the apex of
leaf stalk ,which is 1.5 to 2 cm long
• Triphala Churna ,Phalatrikadi Kadha

18) Bibhitak

19) Bijak --Vijaysar
• Beejaka
• Pterocarpus marsupicum
• Kandarasa ,Niryasa
• A tree 30 m = 98 Feet tall & 3 m=
10 Feet broad
• Leaf – 5 to 7 leaflets

20) Bilva
• Aegle marmelos
• Fruit ,root ,leaves, stem bark
• A tree 8 to 10 m = 26 to 33 feet -tall with 1 to 1.25 m
circumferance & with straight sharp axillary thorns
• Leaf – Alternate ,Trifoliate
• Leaflets – 5 to 10 x 2.5 to 6.3 cm ,ovate or obvate &
laceolate with a typically bitter smell
• Bilvavleha,Bilva Tail

20) Bilva

21) Brahmi
• Bacopa Monnieri
• Leaf
• A creeper that spreads on the ground
• Leaf – Margins entire ,sessile with small black
spots on it ,fleshy ,ovate, soft, smooth
• Brahmi Ghruta,Brahmi Prash,Brahmi Tail
Sarasvatarishta

21) Brahmi

22) Bruhati
• Brihati
• Solanum Indicum
• Root ,Fruit
• Branched & rebranched thorny herb ,1 to 2 m
= 3 to 6 feet - tall ,resembling that of Brinjal
• Leaf – 7 to 15 cm x 2.5 to 10 cm ,thorns on the
posterior side of the midrib
• Dashamularishta

22) Bruhati

23) Chandan -Dvaya
• Santalum album
• Shweta & Rakta Chandan
• Kandasara ,Tail
• An evergreen tree about 10 to 14 m = tall
• Leaf – 2.5 o 5 cm long,oblong or tapering &
green
• Chandanadi vati, Chandanasav, Chandan bala
lakshadi tail, Shadangodak

23) Chandan -Dvaya

24) Chitrak
• Plumbago Zeylanica
• Root bark ,Fresh one be used
• A small perinnial herb about 0.5 to 1 m = 2 to
3 Feet tall
• Leaf – Opposite ,8 x 3 cm ,acute apex,entire
margins turning below in to a leaf stalk
attached to stem
• Chitakadi vati,Chitravleha,

24) Chitrak

25) Dadima
• Punika Granatum
• Fruit skin ,root bark ,fruit
• 3 to 5 m = 10 to 16 Feet - tall tree
• Leaf – 2 to 7 cm x 3 cm tapering at both
ends
• Dadimavaleha, Dadimadi Ghruta

25) Dadima

26) Devdaru
• Cedrus deodara
• Kanda sara .Oil
• Tree about 250 ft tall .Appearing conical due
to shorter branches above
• Leaf – Green ,long ,tapering ,pointed ,Lasting
for 3 to 5 years
• Devdravyadi kwath ,Devdarvyarishta,Rasnadi
kwath

26) Devdaru

27) Dhataki
• Woodfordia Fruticosa
• Flower
• A branched shrub 3 m = 10 Feet tall
• Leaf – 5 to 10 cm sessile ,white on the hind
surface
• Flower – Dark red .5 to 10 flowers to a single
petiole
• Dhatakyadi Churna

27) Dhataki

28) Durva
• Doorva
• Cynodon Dactylon
• Panchanga
• A perinnial herb spreading on the ground
• Leaf – 1 to 10 cm long ,narrow breadth &
tapering towards the apex
• Durvadi Tail

28) Durva

29) Ela -Dvayam
• Elletaria cardamomum
• Fruit ,seed
• A perinnial leafy herb
• Leaf – 0.33 to 1 m= 3 Feet long
Leaves smell as cardamomum
• Eladi vati ,as a Lozenges in Dry Cough

29) Ela -Dvayam

30) Eranda
• Ricinus Communis
• Leaf ,seed ,oil ,root
• An annual or perinnial shrub 2 to 6 m = 6 to 20
Feet tall
• Leaf –Green ,Read variety has reddish leaf
margins serrated ,Leaf with triangular
segments
• Eranda Pak

30) Eranda

31) Gambhari
• Kashmari
• Gmelina arborea
• Root & Fruit
• Tree ,20 m = 60 Feet tall
• Leaf – 10 to 25 x 8 to 20 cm ,Cordate ,
• Leaf stalk – 5 to 15 cm ,long ,knotty at apex
• Shriparnyadi Kwath

31) Gambhari

32) Gokshur
• Tribulus terrestris
• 0.5 to 0.75 m = 2 to 2.5 Feet -long herb
,branching in all directions,
• Leaves – opposite ,one of each pair smaller
than others,
• Leaflets – 3 to 6 pairs,6 to 12 mm long
sericeovillus with oppresed pinted hairs
• Gokshuradi Guggulu

32) Gokshur

33) Guduchi
• Tinospora Cordifolia
• Stem ,Leaves
• A large glabrous cilmber with a grooved stem & with
branches sending down slender ,pendulous
,fleshy,aerial roots
• Leaves – membranous ,unctuous cordate ,roundish,
subdeltoid ,5 to 10 sm long reticulate veins ,heart
shaped
• Amrutadi Guggulu ,Amrutarishta.Sanshamani vati

33) Guduchi

34) Guggulu
• Commiphora Mukul
• Gum
• A shrubby tree about 1.5 to 2 m =5 to 6.5 Feet tall
branches knotty and cracked ,,usually ending in sharp
spines
• Leaves –Alternate ,compound,1 to 3 foliate ,Leaflets –
sub sessile, with serrated margins, smooth & shining
• 42 Guggulu Kalpas Like Yogaraj Guggulu

34) Guggulu

35) Haridra -Dvaya
• Curcuma longa
• Kanda
• A perinnial herb with small stem, about 0.66
to 1 m = 3 feet - tall ,Leaf – 0.33 to 0.66 m long
15 cm broad, oblong with a long petiole
• Leaves have typical smell of haridra
• Haridra Khanda ,Dhatri Nisha ( Dhani vati)
Tab

35) Haridra -Dvaya

36) Haritaki
• Terminalia Chebula
• Fruit
• 20 to 30 m = 66 to 98 Feet Tall tree
• Leaf – 7 to 20 x 5 to 10 cm with pointed
apex 6 to 8 pairs of veins
• Abhayarishta, Chitrak haritaki avaleha

36) Haritaki

37) Hingu
• Ferula narthex
• Gum ( Niryasa)
• A perinial herb with a fragrant smell
• Leaf –Winged ,multilobed,serrated
margins, small above & ovate below
• Hingvashtak Churna,Raja pravartini vati

37) Hingu

38) Jambu
• Jamboo
• Eugenia Jambolana
• Fruit ,Bark ,leaf,Seed
• An evergreen tree 33 m = 100 Feet tall
• Leaf – 7.5 to 15 x 8 cm ,lancolate
• Tab DBT ( Sharanhdhar) ,Jambavasav

38) Jambu

39) Jatamansi
• Nardostachys Jatamansi
• Root
• A perinnial herb 0.5 to 1 m = 3.2
feet tall ,growing straight
• Leaf – Growing from the root & stem
• Manasyadi Kwath ,Manasi Ghruta

39) Jatamansi

40) Jatiphal
• Myristica Fragrans
• Seed & Jatipatri
• Pleasant smelling tree 10 to 13 m = 33 to 43
Feet tall with tender branches
• Leaf – 1.5 to 2 cm long resembling that of
Jambu ,green on upper surface & yellowish
smoky on lower surface
• Jatiphaladi vati

40) Jatiphal

41) Jeerak -Dvaya
• Cuminum Cyminum
• Seed
• A delicate herb 0.33 to 1 m = 3.2 Feet tall
,resembling that of mishreya
• Leaf – Linear ,Bluish green,,bifid or trifid
• Jeerakadyarishta

41) Jeerak -Dvaya

42) Jyotishmati
• Celastrus panniculatus
• A large deciduous climber with height up to 18
m = 59 Feet ,redish brown in colour & densely
covered with small elongated whitish lenticles
• Leaves –ovate ,6 to 10 x 3 to 8 cm ,glabrous
with serrated margins
• Jyotishmati Taila

42) Jyotishmati

43) Kalamegha
• Andrographis panniculata
• Panchanga
• An annual herb 30 cm to 1 m = 3.2 Feet tall
• Leaf – Opposite ,smoothy ,4 to 6 x 1 to 2 cm
• Pratinidhik or Adultrant for Kiratatikta ( Due
to very bitter in taste )

43) Kalamegha

44) Kampillak
• Mallotus phillipinensis
• Phala raja
• An evergreen medium sized treee ,6 to 10 m =
20 to 32 Feet tall
• Leaf – smooth above ,fine hair below with
many red glands ,7 to 15 cm long with three
red veins at the root
• Kapila Argvadha vati

44) Kampillak

45) Kanchanar
• Bauhinia variegata
• Bark & Flower
• Medium size tree
• Leaf – Alternate 1 to 2 cm x 1.25 to
2.5 cm bifid ,rounded apex ,cordate
• Kanchanar Guggulu

45) Kanchanar

46) Kantakari
• Sollanum surrattense
• Panchang ,fruit ,root
• A glossy ,green looking perinnial thorny herb
spreading on the ground
• Leaf – 10 to 12.5 x 5 to 7.5 cm with
interrupted margins & yellow thorns on it
about 0.75 cm long
• Kantakaryavleha

46) Kantakari

47) Kapikacchu
• Macuna pruriens
• Beeja,mula,roma ( hair on fruit)
• Annual creeper
• Leaf – 5 to 13 cm long ,trifoliate with fine hair
on the surface
• Kapikacchu Churna

47) Kapikacchu

48) Karkatshrungi
• Pistacia integerrima
• Kosha – Fruit & bark
• Trees 8 to 10 m = 26 Feet to 33 Feet tall
• Leaf – Compound with 5 to 12 cm long
lanceolate leaflets ,in 4 to 6 pairs
• Balachaturbhadra churna

48) Karkatshrungi

49) Karpura
• Cinnamomum camphora
• Evergreen tree 30 m = 98 Feet tall & with
2 to 3 m circumferance
• Leaf – Alternate ,yellowish green
fragrant,resembling that of Tamalpatra
• Karpuradi Churna

49) Karpura

50) Katuki
• Katuka ,Kutki
• Picrorrhiza kurrooa
• Rhizome
• A small perinnial herb with soft hairs on it
• Leaf – 5 to 10 cm long growing from the root
with serrated margins
• Arogyavardhini

50) Katuki

51) Khadira
• Acacia Catechu
• Bark ,Khadira sar ( Gum Catechu)
• Medium size tree
• Leaf –8 to 10 cm long ,compound Leaflets –
with fine hair ,arranged in 30 to 40 pairs
• Khadirarishta, Khadiradi Vati

51) Khadira

52) Kirattikta
• Swertia chiraita
• Panchang
• Annual herb ,about 0.5 to 1.5 m = 1.6 to 5 Feet tall
• Leaf – opposite ,5 to 7.5 x 1 to 2 cm lanceolate
,sessile ,pointed
• Mahasudarshan Ghan vati ,Bhunimbadi kadha
,Kiratatiktadi Kashay ( Medo pachak Kadha)

52) Kirattikta

53) Kumari
• Aloe vera
• Patra
• An herb about 0.33 to 0.66 m = 1 to 2 Feet tall
• Leaf – 30 to 40 x 7 to 10 narrow towards apex thorny
margins, with white spots on surface
• Leaves are fleshy with a slimmy & transparent pulp in
it
• Kumari Asav No 1 & No 3

53) Kumari

54) Kumkum keshar
• Kunkuma
• Crocus sativus
• Keshar ( Kukshibhaga)
• A perinnial herb about 18 to 30 cm = 1 foot tall
.
• Leaf – Grows from root ,Linear with covered
by Pushpadhvaja & 2 with compartments in it
• Kumkumadi Tail ,Badam pak

54) Kumkum keshar

55) Kupilu
• Vishatinduk
• Strychnos nux vomica
• Seed pulp
• Trees about 13 to 15 m = 42 to 49 Feet tall
• Leaf – Smooth ,opposite ,with a little foetid
smell .5 to 10 cm long ,
• Leaf stalk –1 to 1.25 cm long
• Agnitundi vati ,Vishatinduk vati

55) Kupilu

56) Kushta
• Sassurea lappa
• A prinnial herb about 2 to 2.25 m = 7 to 7.3
Feet tall
• Leaf – Leaf together with stalk 0.5 to 1 m long
trangular
• Stem leaf – 15 to 30 cm long with a short
petole growing from root
• Kushthadi Churna , Kushthadi Tail

56) Kushta

57) Kutaja
• Holarrhena antidysentrica
• Bark & Seeds ( Indrayav)
• Trees 9 to 12 m = 30 to 39 Feet tall with
annual leaves
• Leaf – 9 to 18 x 4 to 8 cm
• Kutajarishta, Kutajavaleha ,Kutaja Parpati
Kutaja Ghan vati

57) Kutaja

58) Lavanga
• Syzygium aromaticum
• 10 to 13 m = 33 to 43 Feet tall tree
.Branches on all sides of the stem
• Leaf – Green ,egg shaped ,7.5 to 15
cm long
• Lavangadi Vati , Avipattikar churna

58) Lavanga

59) Lodhra
• Symplocos racemosus
• Bark
• An evergreen medium sized tree
• Leaf – 7 to 12 cm long ,stout
• Lodhrasav

59) Lodhra

60) Madanphala
• Randia Spinosa
• Fruit
• A shady treee about 10 m = 33 Foot tall
• Leaf – Little rounded resembling that of
Apamarga ,Long & pointed thorns on the
median rib ---
• 133 Kalpas are in – Charak Kalpasthana ---But only
Madanphala Decoction is used as Vamak

60) Madanphala

61) Mandukparni
• Mandookparni
• Centella Asiatica
• Panchanga
• An annual or perinnial horizintally spreading creeper
with roots ,leaves,flowers & fruits growing from each
node .This it is a leanes
• Leaf –Kidney shaped ,1 to 6 cm long with 7 veins & a
bitter smell
• Mandukparni Syrup

61) Mandukparni

62) Manjistha
• Rubia Cordifolia
• Widely spreading branched creeper
• Leaf – Heart shaped ,5 to 10 cm long ,upper
surface rough ,Lower soft ,Petiole twice as
long as the leaf . With curved thorn on it
• Manjisthadi Kadha ,Jingi Sharadi Vati (
Manjistha –Sariva Vati )

62) Manjistha

63) Maricha
• Piper Nigram
• Phala
• A perinnial branched climbing creeper .It
climbs by means of adventitious roots
sprouting from nodes on the stem
• Leaf – like shape of betel leaf ,12 to 20 x 5 to
10 cm ,with 2 or 3 prominent vains
• Trikatu Churna , Vardhaman Maricha Rasayan

63) Maricha

64) Musta
• Mustaka
• Cyperus rotundus
• Rhizome
• A grass type perinnial herb about 0.33 to
1 m = 3.2 Feet tall
• Leaf – Long ,growing from root
• Mustadi Kadha

64) Musta

65) Nagkeshar
• Mesua ferra
• Stemen ( punkeshara ) ,
• Pratinidhi – Punnag
• A beautiful medium sized tree .It has tender
branches & reddish bark ,which exude a
yellowish green gum
• Leaves – 5 to 15 cms x 4 to 5 cm lanceolate
• Samasharkar churna ,Pushyanug churna

65) Nagkeshar

66) Nimba
• Azadiracta Indica
• Flowers ,Leaves,bark ,seed ,oil
• 14 to 16 m = 46 to 52 Feet tall tree with a firm & straight
growing stem .Smoky black bark having longitudinal furrows
on it & red from inside .It secrets a thin juice & gum
• Leaves – Alternate ,20 to 35 cm long ,imperipinnate .Leaflets
sub opposite & serrate
• Vranashodhan Taila ,Swananda Tablet of Vidyananda Lab
Thane Anti Pruritik

66) Nimba

67) Nirgundi
• Vitex Negundo
• 2 to 4 m = 7 to 13 Feet -tall shrubby herb with a
fragrant smell
• Leaf – Margins entire or serrated ,covered by fine
white hair at the back ,smooth , 3 to 5 leaflets on one
stalk about 5 to 15 cm long
• Leaves – Emit a typical fragrant smell on crushing
• Shefali Vati from Agasti Pharma ,Pune ,Nirgundi
Tail

67) Nirgundi

68) Palasha
• Butea Monosperma
• Bark ,flower ,gum ,seed ,Kshara
• A tree 13 to 15 m = 43 to 49 Feet - tall with 1.5
to 2 m girth at the base
• Leaf – compound ,rounded with 3 leaflets ,10
to 20 cm long
• Palashapushpasav ,Krumimudgar ras

68) Palasha

69) Parpata
• Fumaria vaillantii
• Panchanga
• Pale yellow ,branched ,spreading annual herb
0.15 to 0.66 m = 2 Feet tall .Grows in wheat
or barley farms in winter
• Leaf – resembling that of carrot ,linear & flat
• Parpatadi Kwath

69) Parpata

70) Pashanbhed
• Bergenia ciliata
• Rhizomatous Rootstock or Rhizome
• This is a rhizomatic herb with fleshy leaves, growing upto 30
cm = 1 Foot - tall, having a stout creeping rhizomatous
rootstock with scars and intermittent axillary buds.
• Plant is quite hardy and able to survive frost during winter
turning reddish in colour. It is evergreen
• Leaves are 5-30 cm long, glabrous, sparsely hairy in margins,
broadly obovate or elliptic, finely or sparsely denticulate or
shallowly sinuate-denate.
• Mutradosha nashak vati of Sharangadhar

70) Pashanbhed

71) Patala
• Stereospermum suaveolens
• Root bark ,flower,keshar,leaf & fruit
• A tree about 10 to 12 m = 33 to 39 Feet -tall
• Leaf –Opposite ,0.33 to 0.5 m long
• Leaflets – 7 to 9 ,8 to 15 x 5 to 7 cm

71) Patala

72) Pippali –Pippali mul
• Piper Longum
• Creeper with typical smell ,spreading on the
ground or climbing by a support
• Leaf – 5 to 8 cm long resembling betel leaf
alternate with 5 prominent veins
• Trikatu Churna ,Pippalyasav

72) Pippali –Pippali mul

73) Prishnaparni
• Uraria Picta
• Root
• A small herb about 0.75 to 1.5 m = 5 Feet - tall
• Leaf –Compound with varied shape
• Leaflets – 8 to 16 cm long with white thick
veins
• Dashamularishta

73) Prishnaparni

74) Punarnava
• Boerhvia diffusa
• Mainly moola ,Beeja, parna, Panchang
• Annual or perinnial spreading herb ,0.66 to 1 m = 3
feet - long ,Dries in Greeshma & resprouts in rainy
season
• Leaf – 2.5 to 4 cm long ,rounded or oval ,fleshy
covered with fine hairs ,pale at the bark
• Punarnavasav ,Punarnava mandur

74) Punarnava

75) Pushkarmoola
• Inula racemosa
• Root
• A herb 0.33 to 2 m = 7 Feet - tall
• Leaf – 3 to 6 cm x 2 to 3 cm growing from root
leaf stalk as long as the leaf
• Stem leaf – oblong ,surrounding the stem
• Pushkarmuladi Churna

75) Pushkarmoola

76) Rasna
• A controversial plant mentioned in Bhavprakash
.Different herbs are used as rasna in various parts of
India
• Alpinia Group – Alpinia Galanga ,Pluchea lanceolata
• A branched herb about 1 to 2 feet tall
• Leaf – 2.5 to 5 cm long ,bigger than that of
Markandika ,Yellowish brown on ripening
• Petiole – small
• Rasnadi Guggulu ,Rasna Saptakam Kashay

76) Rasna

77) Rasona
• Allium sativum
• Rhizome ,oil
• A perinnial shrub like herb about 0.33 to 0.66
m = 2 Feet - tall
• Leaf –Long ,thin ,leaf base covers the stem
• Lashunadi Vati ,Tab Garlip ( Phyto Pharma)

77) Rasona

78) Rohitak
• Tecomela undulata
• Bark
• 3 to 5 m = 16 Feet tall ,exceptionally 12 to 13
m = 43 Feet - tall shrub or tree
• Leaf – 12 to 20 x 4 cm ,rounded apex ,wavy
margins ,resembling those of Dadim
• Rohitakarishta

78) Rohitak

79) Saireyaka
• Barleria prionitis
• A thick shaded thorny shrub about 1
to 2 m = 7 Feet - tall
• Leaf – Resembling that of Vasa ,4 to
10 cm long with a thorn at the apex

79) Saireyaka

80) Sariva Dvaya
• Hemidesmus Indicus
• Root
• A thin twinning creeper about 1.5 to 3 m = 10
Feet - tall
• Leaf – Opposite ,of various shapes ,2.5 to 10 x
0.5 to 4 cm
• Sarivadyasav ,Jingi sharadi vati ( Sariva –
Manjistha Vati )

80) Sariva Dvaya

81) Sarpagandha
• Rauwolfia serpentina
• Root
• Evergreen herb about 0.33 to 1 m = 3 feet -
tall
• Leaf – 7 to 15 cm x 5 to 6 cm ,Dark above ,pale
green behind
• Sarpagandha Ghana vati

81) Sarpagandha

82) Shalaparni
• Desmodium Gangeticum
• Panchang ,root
• A small herb about 7 to 15 cm = Half Foot tall
• Leaf – Resembling those of Shala tree
Lanceolate or oblong ,7.5 to 15 cm x 2.5 to 5
cm with acute apex ,Back surface covered with
smooth hair & is pale in colour
• Dashamularishta

82) Shalaparni

83) Shallaki
• Boswellia serrata
• Medium sized tree with 1 to 2 m = 7
Feet - diameter
• Leaf – Like that of Nimba
• Sallaki Guggulu ,Tab sallaki (
Himalaya)

83) Shallaki

84) Shalmali
• Salmalia malabarica
• Root ,Flower ,Gum ( Mocharasa) ,fruit ,bark
• A tree about 40 m = 131 Feet - tall ,stem up to 6 m
broad with stout thorns present on stem & branches
• Leaves –Growing all around the apex of the leaf stalk
lanceolate ,about 5 to 7 in number ,& each about 10
to 15 cm long & soft
• Shalmali Ghruta ,Mocharas Piccha Basti in
Ulcerative colitis

84) Shalmali

85) Shankhapushpi
• Crotalaria verrucosa
• Root ,leaf ,flower
• A herb like shrub .about 1 to 1.5 m = 5
Feet - tall
• Leaf – 6 to 15 cm long ,triangular or
ovate
• Shankhapushpi Syrup

85) Shankhapushpi

86) Shatavari
• Asperagus Racemosus
• Root .The pulp in the mid portion of the root should
be used ,only when fresh
• A thick thorny climber with vertical furrows on the
branches
• Leaflike stem – Patra bhas kanda – Leaves are in fact
the stem .In clusters of 2 to 6 ,1.25 to 2.5 cm long
thin ,sickle shaped
• Shatavari Kalpa

86) Shatavari

87) Shigru
• Moringa oleifera
• Root ,bark,seed
• A tree about 7 to 8 m = 26 Feet - tall .The bark &
stem are soft
• Leaf – Compound ,20 to 40 cm long with 6 to 9
leaflets which are arranged aposite to each other
• Shobhanjanadi Lepa ,Shyamadichurna ,Shephali vati
of Agasti Pharma ,pune

87) Shigru

88) Shirisha
• Albizzia lebbeck
• Bark ,seed ,leaf,flower
• 17 to 20 m = 66 Feet - tall shady tree
• Leaf – Compound ,glossy & with fine hair on it
• Leaflets – Broad with 4 to 8 pairs
• Mahashirish Agad ,Shisisharishta ,Dashanga
Lepa

88) Shirisha

88) Shyonak
• Oroxylum Indicum
• Root bark
• A tree about 8 to 12 m = 39 Feet - tall
• Leaf – 0.5 to 1.5 m long ,compound ,opposite,grows
in clusters at the Apex of branch
• Leaflets – 12.5 x 8 cm with long apex ,ovate
• Shyonaka Put pak ,Bruhat panchamuladi Kwath

88) Shyonak

90) Talispatra
• Abies webbiana
• Leaf
• Evergreeen ,black ,thick leaved tree about 50 to 65 m
= 213 Feet - tall
• Leaf – 2 to 5 x 2 cm ,linear ,flat ,green ,glossy ,bent at
the apex with 2 hard thorns .Prominent tubular
median rib on the back side .Leaves remain on the
tree for 8 to 10 years & grow in an opposite
directions
• Talisadi Churna

90) Talispatra

91) Tila
• Sesamum Indicum
• Seed ,oil ,leaf ,root
• A knotty herb about 30 cm to 1 m = 3 Feet -
tall
• Leaf – 8 to 12 cm long ,alternate ,opposite in
lower part
• Sesame oil ,Tilgul

91) Tila

92) Trivrut
• Operculina Turpethum
• Root bark
• A big annual creeper
• Leaf – 5 to 10 cm long with different
shapes
• Leaf stalk – 2.5 cm long
• Trivrut Leha

92) Trivrut

93) Tulasi
• Ocimum Sanctum
• Leaf ,flower ,seed ,root
• An annual herb about 0.5 to 1.5 m = 5 Feet
tall
• Leaf – 1 to 2 cm long ,oval ,blunt serrated
margins & with fine hair on it.Veins on the
lower surface contain fine oil glands
• Tribhuvankirti ,Chaturbhuja rasa

93) Tulasi

94) Tvak
• Cinnamomum Zeylanicum
• Evergreen plant 8 to 9 m = 30 Feet
tall
• Leaf – opposite ,covered with fine
hair ,upper surface glistening
• Sitopaladi Churna

94) Tvak

95) Ushira
• Usheera
• Vetiveria Zizanioides
• Root & seed
• It is a type of grass & roots have pleasant smell
• Leaf – 25 to 30 cm x 1 cm ,straight ,soft in front &
hairy on hind surface
• Leaf stalk – 10 to 30 cm long
• Ushirasav

95) Ushira

96) Vacha
• Acorus calamus
• Rhizome
• An evergreen herb 1 to 2 m = 7 Feet - tall
growing in marshy land .It has Rhizomes
resembling those of Ardrak
• Leaf –Green ,glossy ,long ,resembling that of
sugarcane & with wavy margins
• Vacha Tail

96) Vacha

97) Varahi
• Dioscorea bulbifera
• Rhizome
• A creeper twining to the left
• Leaf – 5 to 15 x 3 to 10 cm with
pointed apex & 9 veins at the
margins

97) Varahi

98) Varuna
• Crataeva nurvala
• Bark ,root ,leaves
• Medium sized tree ,7 to 9 m = 30 Feet -
tall ,
• Leaf – 8 to 12 cm long ,trifoliate
Lanceolate
• Varunadi Kadha

98) Varuna

99) Vasa
• Adhatoda vasica
• Root ,leaf ,flower
• A thick shrub about 1 to 3 m = 10 Feet - tall
• Leaf – 8 to 10 cm long ,blackish green ,smooth
lanceolate
• Vasavleha ,Vasa Ghruta ,Vasarishta

99) Vasa

100) Vatsanabha
• Aconitum Ferox
• Root
• 30 to 60 cm = 2 Feet - tall shrub –kshupa
• Leaves – 7.5 to 15 cm ,Long ,scattered
• Tribhuvankirti ,sutshekhar ,Sanjeevani
vati

100) Vatsanabha

101) Vidanga
• Embelia ribes
• Fruit
• A thick & big shrub
• Leaf – Pointed apex & entire margins
• Vidangarishta

101) Vidanga

102) Vidari
• Pueraria tuberosa
• Kanda – Rhizome
• A big twinning creeper
• Leaf – Three leaflets hence kandapalasha
• Leaflets – 10 to 15 x 7 to 10 cm .Thick fur on
hind surface
• Vidarikanda Churna ,Profala tab of
Vidyananda Lab ,Thane ,Mumbai

102) Vidari

103) Yastimadhu
• Glycyrrhiza glabra
• Liquorice (Yastimadhu)
• Roots
• It is a perennial under shrub, reaching up to 120 cm =
4 feet - height under cultivation.
• The stolon crown gives rise to a number of long semi-
woody stems which bear compound pinnate leaves.
• Himalaya Yashtimadhu Tab lets

103) Yastimadhu

104) Yavani
• Trachyspermum ammani
• Fruit
• An herb about 1 to 1.33 m = 4 feet - tall
covered with fine hair
• Leaf –Resembling those of Shatapushpa
• Yavani shadav ,Yavanikadi Churna

104) Yavani

Yavani –Khurasani Ajwayan

How many Dvaya in Syllabus ?
• 1) Ardrak – Dvaya
• 2) Bala –Dvaya
• 3) Chandan –Dvaya
• 4) Ela –Dvaya
• 5) Haridra –Dvaya
• 6) Jeerak –Dvaya
• 7) Sariva Dvaya

Trees in the Syllabus
• Agaru , Agnimantha, Amalaki, Aragvadha, Arjuna,
Ashoka, Bhallatak, Bibhitak, Bijak –Vijaysar, Bilva,
Chandan –Dvaya, Dadima, Devdaru, Gambhari,
Guggulu, Haritaki, Jambu, Jatiphal, Kampillak,
Kanchanar, Karkatshrungi, Karpura, Khadira, Kupilu,
Kutaja, Lavanga, Lodhra, Madanphala, Nagkeshar,
Nimba, Palasha, Patala, Rohitak????, Shallaki,
Shalmali, Shigru, Shirisha, Shyonaka, Talispatra ,
Tvak, Varuna,

Herbes in the Syllabus
• Ahiphen , Apamarga, Ardrak –Sunthi, Ashvagandha,
Ativisha, Bakuchi, Bala –Dvayam, Bharangi,
Bhrugaraj, Bruhati, Chitrak, Durva, Ela –Dvayam,
Gokshur, Haridra –Dvaya, Hingu, Jatamansi, Jeerak –
Dvaya, Kalamegha, Kantakari, Katuki, Kirattikta,
Kumari , Kumkum keshar, Kushta, Musta, Nirgundi,
Parpata, Pashanbhed, Prishnaparni, Punarnava ,
Pushkarmoola, Rasna, Sarpagandha, Shalaparni,
Shankhapushpi , Tila , Tulasi, Ushira, Vacha, Yavani

Shrub or Gulma in the Syllabus
• Bala –Dvayam, Dhataki,
• Eranda, Rasona,
• Saireyaka,
• Vasa,
• Vatsanabha, Vidanga,
• Yastimadhu

Creeper in the Syllabus
• Brahmi , Guduchi,
• Kapikacchu, Mandukparni, Manjistha,
• Maricha, Pippali –Pippali mul,
• Sariva Dvaya, Trivrut, Varahi ,
• Vidari

Climber in the Syllabus
• Jyotishmati
• Shatavari


Difference between Herb & Shrub
• Shrubs have many stems and it is called as a
woody plant whereas herbs have a single stem.
• The branches of the shrubs arise from a single
base whereas there is just one permanent
stem present in herb, which is referred to as
rootstock.

Difference between Herb & Shrub
• Since these herbs don’t have much shoots,
there are very few chances of growing into a
taller one. The stems act as main support for
the shrubs.
• The height of the herbs can be few inches and
sometimes it may go a little taller whereas
shrubs grow to about 5-6 metres tall.

Who are Thorny ?
• Thorny Herb = Kantakari
• Leaf – With curved thorn on it = Manjistha
• A thick shaded thorny shrub = Saireyaka
• A tree with stout thorns present on stem &
branches = Shalmali
• A thick thorny climber = Shatavari
• Leaf Thorny Margins = Kumari

About Smell
• Leaves sell = Cardamom
• Leaves typical smell of Turmeric = Haridra
• Herb with Fragrance = Hingu
• Pleasant smelling tree = Jatiphala
• Leaf – fragrant,resembling that of Tamalpatra
= Karpura

About Smell
• Leaf – with a little foetid smell = Kupilu
• Leaf –bitter smell = Mandukparni
• Leaves – Emit a typical fragrant smell on
crushing = Nirgundi
• Creeper with typical smell = Pippali
• roots have pleasant smell = Ushira

IMP Terms
• A perennial plant or simply perennial is a plant that
lives more than two years.
• An evergreen is a tree or plant that doesn't shed its
leaves in the winter, but stays green all year. A
Christmas tree is an evergreen.
• Deciduous plants, including trees, shrubs and
herbaceous perennials, are those that lose all of their
leaves for part of the year = Jyotishmati

IMP Terms
• Annual herb =Ahiphen = An annual plant is a plant that completes its life
cycle, from germination to the production of seeds, within one growing
season, and then dies.
• The length of growing seasons and period in which they take place vary
according to geographical location, and may not correspond to the four
traditional seasonal divisions of the year.
•
• With respect to the traditional seasons annual plants are generally
categorized into summer annuals and winter annuals.
• One seed-to-seed life cycle for an annual can occur in as little as a month
in some species, though most last several months

Leaf margins

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