2. WHAT IS LESSON PLAN ?
A plan prepared by a teacher to teach a lesson in an organized manner
3. EVOLUTION OF LESSON PLAN
Origin – is from Gestalt theory of learning
The Gestalt theory has a great influence on human
learning “ the whole is perceived by parts”.
4. GESTALT THEORY- lesson plan
In lesson planning each unit plays an
important role in learning, because the
learner usually takes the help of units in
understanding the whole concept.
The part conveys the whole.
The meaningful activities are related to each
other within a unit.
These activities provides the purposeful
learning experiences and the leaner
understands the whole concept.
5. DEFINITION
Lesson plan is the title given to the statements of
achievements to be realized and specific meaning
by which these are to be attained as a result of
activities engaged during the period
-L.S.Bossing-
6. PURPOSE OF LESSON PLAN
Ensures definite objective for the days work
Keeps the teacher on track
Ensures selection, presentation and
interpretation of subject matter
Helps to choose effective method of teaching
Enables to evaluate the teaching sessions
Helps to review the subject and gives up to
date knowledge
7. PURPOSE OF LESSON PLAN cont..
Helps to clarify the ideas
Gives the teacher greater confidence
It stimulates the teacher to think of related
material , illustrations and audio-visual aids.
Enables teacher to organize classroom
teaching activities
Develops reasoning, imagination and decision
making ability of the teacher
Facilitates micro teaching
8. PRINCIPLES
Used as a guide rather than as a rule of thumb
Teacher must have mastery of and adequate
training in the topic
Needs to be fully conversant with new methods
and techniques of teaching
Needs to organize the material in an organized
rather than a logical fashion
Must ensure active student participation
Should use different teaching learning methods
9. CHARACTERISTICS OF GOOD LESSON PLAN
Should have clearly stated objectives
To be linked with previous knowledge of
students
Should show and specify illustrative aids
Should contain suitable organized subject
matter
Should be divided into units
It should not make the students passive
learner
10. CHARACTERISTICS OF GOOD LESSON PLAN Cont..
There should be flexibility in changing lesson
plan.
Should include the summary of the whole
lesson.
The lesson plan should be in such a way that it
should provide full justification to all students.
Should plan for student assignment.
Must have plan for self –criticisms and self
evaluation of the lesson.
11. Prerequisites for making good
lesson plan
The teacher should have--
Good knowledge about the student’s
interests, traits and abilities.
Mastery over the subject matter and
adequate training on the subject.
Principles of teaching and learning.
Awareness of individual differences among
the students.
12. Prerequisites for making good
lesson plan cont..
The knowledge what the students already
possess about the topic
Organization of the material in a
psychological and logical fashion
Fully conversant with new methods and
techniques of teaching the subject
Ensure active pupil participation
14. Preparation or introduction
Knowledge which helps to lead them onto lesson.
Teacher prepares student to receive knowledge.
Testing previous knowledge.
It arouses interest and curiosity to learn new
matter.
Introduction should be brief and to the point.
15. Presentation
Aim of the lesson should be clearly stated
before the presentation.
In teaching –learning process ,both –
actively participate.
The Teacher has to present the topic in
enthusiastic manner
learner will be motivated and get interest
to learn
16. Comparison or association
Quote examples
Associate facts with to example
So that learner can understand very easily
and arrive at generalization on their own
17. Generalizations
It involves reflective thinking.
Knowledge presented by the teacher
should be thought provoking.
Innovating and stimulating to assist the
students to generalize the situation.
18. Application
The student make use of the knowledge
acquired
What ever they learnt in the theory has to
apply in clinical field to make learning
more permanent and worthwhile.
19. Recapitulation
Ask suitable stimulating pivotal questions
to student on topic.
The answer will give feed back, regarding
the efficacy of the method of teaching
clarification
Needed or not
20. TYPES OF LESSON PLAN
Cognitive
domain
Affective
domain
Psychomotor
domain
Lesson plan
related to
knowledge
Lesson plan
related to
appreciation
Lesson plan
related to skills
21. Forms Of Lesson Plan
HERBARTIAN APPROACH
BLOOMS OR EVALUATION APPROACH
(RCEM) REGIONAL COLLEGE OF EDUCATION
MYSORE APPROACH
22. Herbartian approach
John Frederick Herbart (1776-1841)- a German
Philosopher and great educationist
This approach is influenced by classical human
organizational theory
The previous knowledge of the student is
considered in preparing lesson plan ,but their
abilities, attitudes and values are not taken into
consideration while designing a lesson plan.
23. Five steps of teaching unit
activities
Preparation
Presentation
Comparison
Generalization
Application
24. Merits of Herbartian lesson
planning
It is logical and psychological
It assists in making teaching systematic
It is employed in the teaching of all school subjects
It is used in achieving the cognitive objective of teaching
It employs the deductive and inductive methods of teaching
It is simple and easy approach of lesson planning
It employs previous knowledge of the students for imparting new
knowledge
It provides a useful framework, confidence and self reliance by
following these steps and thus making teaching effective
25. Demerits of Herbartian approach
It is highly dominated by teacher
It is suited for knowledge lesson only
It is highly structured and does not provide opportunities for teacher’s
creativity and originality
More stress on teaching than in learning
Is highly loaded by cognitive objectives
Does not consider the learning structures in organizing teaching
activities
Teaching activities are less meaningful and practical
There is inactivity on the part of the students
26. Blooms approach
B .S . Bloom (1961)
He has made education as objective
centered rather than client centered
His approach of lesson planning is termed
as evaluative approach
27. Features
All educational activities are objective centered
The teaching and testing should be objective centered
The term evaluation concerns with all activities of teaching and
testing
It does not confine to the students achievement only
It evaluates the teaching, learning objectives, methods and
devices of providing learning experiences.
The student performances are evaluated in terms of learning
objectives and not the achievement of the content
28. Tripolar process in Bloom
Approach
Formulating educational
objective
Creating learning
experience
Evaluating change of
behavior
29. Merits of Blooms lesson planning
The objectives are written in behavioral terms
The teaching activities are related to learning
structures
It makes the teaching purposeful and objective
centered
It is based on psychological and scientific principles
It has greater scope for improving and modifying
the learning experience or teaching activities
30. Demerits of blooms lesson
planning
It is highly structured and mechanized and does not provide
opportunity for creativity and originality
It has the greater scope for personal factors of teacher to
influence the planning and organizing teaching activities
One teaching activity does not confine to one domain. it is
concerned with more than one domain
The mental process and mental abilities are not taken into
consideration in writing objectives in behavioral terms
31. RCEM Approach
Developed by Indian educationists at Regional
college of Education , Mysore
Design of lesson planning:-
input
process
output
32. HIGHLY STRUCTURED SESSON PLAN
Time Specific Content Teaching Student Activity AV Aids Evaluation
Name of Teacher: Class:
Subject: No. Of Students:
Unit: Date and Time:
Topic of lesson : Duration
Previous Knowledge Of students: Venue:
Methods of Teaching:
Resources:
Central objectives:
Specific Objectives:
Recapitulation:
Assignments:
Reference:
33. LOOSELY STRUCTURED SESSON
PLAN
Time Specific objectives Content Teaching learning
Name of Teacher
Class:
Subject: No. Of Students:
Unit: Date and Time:
Topic of lesson : Duration:
Previous Knowledge Of students: Venue:
Methods of Teaching:
Resources:
Central objectives:
Specific Objectives:
Recapitulation:
Assignments:
Reference:
34. Advantages/Disadvantages
Teacher:-
Advantages:-
the teacher can plan the presentation in advance,
helping in making the teaching effective
Helps in apparent time saving and avoids unnecessary
repetition
New knowledge can be presented which is not there in
the text book
Teacher can integrate the subject matter
35. Cont..
It enables the teacher to present a large amount of
information in a short time
It acts as a plan for self criticisms and self evaluation
Dis Advantage:-
The main emphasis is given to presentation
It confines the teaching up to memory level only
36. Cont..
Students:-
Merit:-
A well presented class may increase the student
motivation
Greater scope for improving and modifying the learning
experience
37. Cont..
Demerits:-
• Student attention may want the presentation to suit the
level of understanding of all students
• Poor planning and lack of direction of teaching may
result in wasting student time
• Poor lesson plan can make the student a mere passive
learner
38. Guidelines for pupil teachers
while doing teaching practice
Every activity you undertake needs to be carefully
planned and executed
Show good taste and neatness in dress
Be mentally and physically alert
Make your voice clear ,pleasing and well modulated.
Prepare your lesson thoroughly and take it into account
the probable questions that may be put to you by
students during the course of your lesson
Divide your lessons into suitable sections
39. Guidelines for pupil teachers
while doing teaching practice
Illustrate your teaching by example
Use correct and definite language while putting questions
to the students
Be friendly and understanding but firm in your dealings
with students
Use audiovisual aids properly
Teach the whole class and not a few students sitting on
the front benches
Develop the blackboard summary along with the
development of the lesson
40. Guidelines for pupil teachers
while doing teaching practice
Make the blackboard writing very legible
Put thought provoking questions
Learn to ride your eyes, through the eyes of the students
Use refined and sweet language
Display sense of humor
Familiarize yourself with the textbook and instructional
materials used in the class
Ensure your lesson plan is free from mistakes
Always consult dictionary while planning your lesson
41. Guidelines for pupil teachers
while doing teaching practice
Be sure that everything you write on the blackboard is
correct
Always be punctual in reaching your class
Make all possible efforts to base the discipline in the
classroom on co-operation rather than moralizing
Try to forget that you are being watched over by
colleagues and the supervisor
Do not critize the regular teachers who are teaching the
class
42. Guidelines for pupil teachers
while doing teaching practice
Cultivate the spirit of happiness and success in the class
Turn your head backward while writing on the board to
ensure that all students are taking interest in the lesson
Use the pointer to show some places on the map or the
chart
Avoid mannerisms and pet phrases
Do not feel nervous when your supervisor visits your class
43. Give due attention to the views of the supervisor
Accept criticism without getting your feelings hurt