SKIN DISEASE CORRELATION

A CORRELATIVE STUDY OF
CHARAKOKTA KSHUDRA KHUSTAS
WITH MODERN SKIN DISEASES
Presented by
Dr. N.PADMA PRIYA, PG Scholar
Guide:
Dr.Praveen Kumar Madikonda, MD(BHU),
Associate Professor
HOD:
Dr. B. Johar, MD
Dept. Of Panchakarma, Dr. B.R.K.R.Govt. Ayurvedic Medical
College , Hyderabad, Telangana

Definition of Kushta
1. “kushnati angam” : one which causes despicable situation
2. “kushnati vapu iti kushtam”: the disease which causes discolouration
of skin is termed as kushta
3. “kalenopekshitam yasmath sarvam kushnati tadvapuhu”: by the course
of time, it makes entire body to look ugly or if timely intervention is not
done, it causes disgraceful situation.

Pathogenesis:-
The three vitiated doshas i.e vata, pitta and kapha in
turn vitiates twak, rakta, mamsa and ambu. These taken
together constitute seven fold pathogenic substances of
kushta. In all types of kushta tridoshas involvement will
be there but according to the predominance of dosha
symptoms are visible.
There are total 18 kushtas, out of which 7 are maha
kushtas and the remaining 11 are kshudra kushtas . The
details of kshudra kushtas are as shown below.

1 Eka kushta :
Dosa predominance – Vata kapha
Signs and Symptoms:
Aswedam – absence of sweating around the lesion
Mahavasthu – the lesion is spread over an extended area
of the skin or large lesions.
Matsya shakala upamam – resemble the skin of fish
This disease can be compared with following modern skin
diseases:

A. Ichthyosis vulgaris
- it is also called fish scale disease or fish skin disease
- it is an inherited skin disorder in which dead cells
accumulate keratin tissue in the form of thick, dry scales on
the surface of the skin.
- it can be present at birth but usually first appear during
early childhood.
Symptoms:
▪ Dry, scaly skin
▪ The colour of the scales can be white, dirty grey or
brown
▪ Painful cracks present on the skin
▪ Acquired ichthyosis generally associated with other
diseases like Cancer, Thyroid and Aids.

B. Plaque psoriasis:
- it is also called psoriasis vulgaris
- it is a chronic auto-immune skin disease
- plague psoriasis is a common type of psoriasis
Symptoms:
▪ Raised, inflamed skin areas
▪ Lesions are irregular and oval in shape
▪ Well defined and sharply demarcated boundaries
▪ Dry, thin, silvery white scales
▪ Symmetric distribution of lesions
▪ Burning and itching sensation will be present
▪ Most of the times, it is associated with arthritis

C. Other diseases which forms plaques are
o Lichen simplex chronic – shows dirty, itchy oval flakes
Differentiating symptom : plaques are in violate colour but not
in silver colour.
o Pityriasis alba – shows a white plaque without erythema
Differentiating symptom : these plaques appear only on the
face.
o Syphilis – secondary syphilis scales resemble psoriasis and it also
called ‘psoriasis form plaques’.
Differentiating symptom : Serological test only
o Teniapedis – sometimes resemble psoriasis but plaques are
infiltrated, erythematous, hyper keratotic
Differentiating symptom : shows central healing of plaques.

o Allergic contact dermatitis – in chronic conditions it
resembles psoriasis but plaques are dry, itchy, erythematous
Differentiating symptom : scales appear in yellow/orange in
colour
o Sub acute SLE – resembles psoriasis but plaques are less
scaly, firmly adherent in nature
Differentiating symptom : scales appear in bright red in
colour

2. CHARMAKYAM
Signs and Symptoms:
- Bahalam – the afflicted part of skin in charma kushta is thick
- Hasti charmavat – skin resembles the skin of an elephant
This disease can be compared with following modern skin diseases:
(A) SCLERODERMA :
- refers to a range of disorders in which the skin and connective
tissues become harden and tighten.
- it is a long term progressive disease

- it is also taught to be an auto immune condition in which
bodies own immune system attacks the body tissue
- this results in over production of collagen, the protein that
forms the basis of connective tissue, the result is thickening,
fibrosis and scarring of tissues
- it is of two types.. Systemic and local.
Systemic scleroderma : it is sometimes known as CREST
syndrome
C – calcinosis – calcium deposits in tissues and under the skin
R – Raynaud’s phenomenon
E – esophageal dysfunction
S – sclerodactyly – thick skin on the finger
T – Telangiectasia – enlarged blood vessels with red spots

Circumscript scleroderma :
- it is a disease limited to skin
- it consists one or more circumscribed oval plaques
- Borders of the plaques presenting inflammatory signs i.e white
colour inside and red colour outside called ‘lilac ring’ or ‘morphea’
- in the course of disease, sclerotic patch ends into hypo or hyper
pigmented atrophy and lesions are asymmetric in nature usually located
more on trunk less on extremeties.
- scleroderma en coup de sabre – unilateral linear involvement
of head and face
Other associated symptoms:
- intra cerebral inflammation
- epilepsy, other neurological abnormalities

(B) PACHYDERMA
The main symptom is thickening of skin
In this disease skin of patient resemble skin of elephant, rhinoceros,
hippopotamus .
This is caused by congenital enlargement of lymph vessel or lymph
vessel obstruction.
(C) ELEPHANTIASIS NOSTRUM VERRUCOSA
It is a cutaneous condition, a final hypertrophic fibrosis followed by a
long standing lymphangitis.
In this disease skin looks rough nodular or wart like plaques like
elephant skin.
commonly effected areas are lower limbs and scrotum

PACHY DERMA
ELEPHANTIASIS
NOSTRAS
VERRUCOA

(D) ELEPHANTIASIS OR FILARIASIS
A human disease caused by parasitic worm known as
Wuchereria Brancrofti,
Symptom: marked swelling in lower limbs and genitalia , ears
and mucous membrane.
Skin becomes thicker like elephant skin.
This was first diagnosed mosquito born disease.
Elephantiasis leads to marked swelling of the lower half of the
body and thickening of skin due to inflammation and blockage of
lymphatic vessels.
Diagnosis: Nocturnal peripheral blood smear

3 Kitibha kushta
signs and symptoms-
shyavam-blackish brown discolouration of the skin.
kina kara sparsham-rough on touch, give a feel of the scar of a wound.
parusham-hard
(a) Guttate psoriasis- is a form of psoriasis that often starts in childhood
and young adulthood.
This is second most common type of psoriasis after plaque psoriasis.
The name guttate psoriasis comes from the latin word guttate which
means “Drop” . The condition has been given this name because of the small,
red scaly patches, which are rough to touch and it looks like rain drops on the
skin.

Even though it is an auto immune disorder, it is triggered by
other factors.
They include:
► URTI
► Streptococcal infection
► Tonsillitis
► Stress
► Injury to skin
► Hormonal disorders
► Genetic factors
► Environmental factors like pollution, etc

(b) Actinic keratosis:
It is also known as Solar Keratosis.
Skin develops rough , scaly brown patches on the skin due long term
exposure to the sun.
Symptoms: Rough dry or scaly patches on the skin, usually less than
one inch.
Because of small size they are palpated more easily than visualised
and have roughened quality on palpation.
slightly raised patch or bump on the top layer of the skin.
colour varies from pink. Red or brown.
Itching and burning sensations are common signs in the effected
areas.
Common sites are: face, lips, ears, on the back of the hand, fore
head, scalp and neck.

4 Vipadika
Signs and symptoms:
Pani pada sputanam- cracks in the palms and soles.
Teevra vedanam- severe pain
(a) Plantar palmar psoriasis:
It is an auto immune condition.
It can occur as a part of more like general plaque psoriasis.
simultaneously effects both hands and feet or alone

Symptoms:
well defined areas of raised, thickened skin.
redness and scaling.
cracking and bleeding.
Itching and burning sensation.
some times pustules may also present.
Risk/Triggering factors:
House hold work
farm work
manual labour
exposure to chemicals and physical irritants like detergents
etc

Associated diseases or High chances of getting plantar palmar
psoriasis are:
► Thyroid disease
► Arthritis
► Type -1 diabetes
► Gluten sensitivity
► Streptococcal tonsillitis
(b) Palmo plantar pustulosis:
It is an auto immune disorder
It causes blisters like sores on palms and soles
It can also cause cracked skin or red colour scaly patches with
severe pain

(c) Palmo plantar eczema or Dry hidrotic eczema:
Symptoms-
Deep seated blisters on the edges of the fingers and toes
when blisters dry they turn into cracks
Other symptoms include;
scaly cracked skin
Itching
Redness
Flaking
severe pain
most common in women associated with seasonal allergies,
mostly in spring season

Triggering factors:
Pollen grains
stress
Excessive sweating
Prolonged contact with water
Nickel contact like contact with jewellery, cell phones etc
Cobalt contact like contact with dish wash bar, paints , varnishes etc
(d) Plantar palmar keratoderma/ Keratosis palmaris et plantaris:
Kerato derma is a term that means marked thickening of the skin on
the palms and soles.
This is mainly of 4 types:

► Diffuse keratosis – effects mostly palm and soles.
► Focal keratosis – mainly effect pressure areas
► Punctate type of keratoderma - tiny bumps on the palms and soles.
► Inflammatory keratoderma - an inflammatory skin condition like
eczema or psoriasis etc.
5. ALASAKA :
Dosha predominance – vata kapha
Signs and Symptoms:
Gandaihi – boils
Raga – reddish colour
Kandu -itching sensation

This can be compared with tenia infection:
Tenia is the name of group of diseases caused by a fungus,
tenia is often called ‘ring worm’ infection because of its
circular ring like appearance
Common symptoms –
- scaly, crusted rash
mostly appear as round and red patches on the skin
- itching
- blister like lesions
- hair loss and scaling on the scalp
►Different type of tenia effect different areas of the body
Type of tinea – affected area
Tinea pedis – foot

Tinea unguium – nails
Tinea manuum – hand
Tinea cruris – groin
Tinea corporis – body
Tinea capitis – scalp
Tinea facici – face
Tinea barbae- beard
Tinea inbricata – overlapping pattern
Tinea nigra –uppermost layers of the skin in black colour
Tinea versicolor – chest , neck, upper arm in various colours
Tinea incognito – produced from previous tropical application of cortico
steroid

6. DADRU MANDALA
Dosha predominance – pitta kapha
Signs and Symptoms:
Sa kandu – intense itching sensation over and around the patches
Raga – redness
Pidaka – eruptions or boils or nodules
This disease can be compared with following modern diseases
a. Purigo nodularis :-
Purigo nodularis is a skin disease that causes_
- Hard itchy lump or nodules on the skin
- Pruritis or itching can be intense

- Scratching leads to pain, bleeding and formation of secondary skin lesion.
Itching worsened by heat, sweating or irritation from clothing
- Usually appear on the arms or legs
Some times it may be associated with
- Atopic dermatitis
- Lymphoma
- HIV infection
- Severe anaemia
- Kidney disease

2. Lichen planus :-
- A chronic inflammatory and auto immune skin disease which
resembles plant lichen.
- Lichen is a simple slow growing plant that typically forms low crusty, leaf
like growth on rocks, walls and trees.
- Lichen planus a skin disease in which small, hard, round lesions occur
close together, which effects the skin, nails, hair and mucous membrane
Symptoms :-
- it is characterised by polygonal, flat topped violaceous papules
- Pruritis of varying severity
Common sites :-
- inner fore arm
- Wrist
- ankle
- and sometimes genitalia

Triggering factors :
- Hepatitis-C
- Flu vaccine
- Certain chemicals and medicines etc.
7. CHARMADALA
Dosha predominance – pitta kapha
Signs and Symptoms :
- Raktam – redness around the boils
- Kandu – itching
- Rujaa – pain
- Dalati – erosion or cracks in the skin
- Sphota - boils

- Samsparsha asaha – tenderness, the person does not allow the
afflicted part of the skin to be touched
(a) Herpes simplex - It is an infectious disease caused by herpes
simplex virus
HSV-I causes oral herpes
HSV-II causes genital herpes
Symptoms:-
- Blisters
- Redness
- Pain and itching
- Tenderness
- Enlarged lymph nodes

- Blisters and ulceration on genitalia
- Cold sores around the mouth
(b) Herpangia
- it is a viral infection caused by entero virus-71 and echo virus
- Commonly effected age group 3-10 years
- Season – summer
Symptoms:-
- Blisters appear in the mouth, usually in the back of throat and roof of
the mouth
- Second common type Is hand-mouth foot disease which effects
childrens hand and feet also
- Associated with pain and tenderness
- Fever, headache and loss of appetite.

(c) Herpes zoster
- It is also called as Shingle
- It is an inflammatory condition especially affecting and spreading
along a nerve route
- Commonly effected nerve is trigeminal nerve
commonly effected areas are thorax, head and neck
- Causative organism – varicella zoster virus
Symptoms :-
- Blister formation
- Severe pain
- Itching
- Burning sensation
- Tenderness

Main diagnostic features are
- rash develops on one side of midline of the body as a clear vesicles
- These small vesicles contains clear fluid and turns into pustules
- These pustules turns into ulcers finally they crust up as sores
Complications :-
- Post herpetic neuralgia
- Herpes zoster opthalmicus
- myelitis
- Deafness, tinnitus
- Encephalitis
- Pneumonitis
- Hepatitis etc.

(d) IMPETIGO
► Impetigo is a bacterial skin infection caused by Staphylococcus and
Strepto coccus bacteria
► It is more common in children than adults
► It is of two types: (1) Non Bullous type
(2) Bullous type
Common Symptoms:
► Small red coloured blisters or papules
► Dark or honey coloured crusts will form 0n bursting the pustules.
Non Bullous type:
► This is more common type , caused by both strepto cocci and
Staphylo cocci bacteria
► Initially forms small red papules similar to insect bites

► These lesions rapidly evolve to small blisters and pustules
► Then finally scab over with a honey coloured crust
► Mainly seen around the nose and on the face
► less frequently effects arms and legs
► Bullous type:
► This form of impetigo is caused by Staphylo cocci bacteria
► These bacteria produce a toxin that reduces cell to cell stick ness
causing separation between the two layers of skin i.e epidermis and
dermis
► This leads to formation of blisters or bullae
► This blisters mainly appear on buttocks and trunk region.
► This bullae are fragile and contain clear yellow fluid

IMPETIGO
NON-BULLOUS TYPE BULLOUS TYPE

► The bullae are delicate and often break with the overlapping roof of the skin is
lost leaving red raw skin with ragged edge
► A dark crust will develop during the final stages of disease. This crust will
resolve with healing.
8. PAMA
Dosha predominance – pitta kapha Signs and Symptoms :-
► Sweta, aruna, shyaava pidaka – eruptions or boils which are white, yellowish
red, blackish brown in colour
► Kandu – itching
This disease can be correlated with following modern diseases.
a) Scabies :-
It is a dermatologic condition caused by sarcoptes scabiei an eight legged
microscopic mite

► Scabies is a contagious disease can spread very easily from person
to person through close physical contact.
► Effects almost all age groups especially low socio economic status
people
Symptoms :-
❖ Itching
► It is one of the most important symptoms of scabies
► It is often worse at night and can be most severe and intense
❖ Rash
► when the mite burrows into the skin it forms burrow tracks which are
most commonly found in skin folds and resembles hives, bites,
knots, pimples and patches with different colours which vary from
silvery grey to brown. Most common colour of scales is grey.

► These occur when infected areas are scratched by the person
► These open sores leads to impetigo.
b) Atopic dermatitis (eczema)
► It is a condition which makes the skin dry and itchy
► It is a long lasting disease which may be associated with asthma and
with hey fever
► It is common in children but can occur at any age
Symptoms :-
► Dry skin
► Itching which is severe at night times
► Red, brown, greyish patches on the skin
► Small raised bumps which may leak fluids

► Thick, cracked and scaly skin
► Sensitive and swollen skin formed by scratching
9. SPHOTA
Dosha predominance - pitta and kapha
Signs and Symptoms :-
▪ Spotaha – boils or eruptions
▪ Swetam – white colour skin around lesion
▪ Arunam – golden yellow or red colour skin around the boils
▪ Tanu twacha - skin over the lesion will be thin
This disease can be compared with following modern skin
diseases :

a) Chickenpox :
► It is an infectious disease caused by Vericella – Zoster virus
► It is highly contagious disease, it is airborne disease which spreads
easily with cough and sneezes of infected person to others and also
through contact
Prodromal symptoms :
► Fever, Malaise
► Loss of appetite
► Headache , Tiredness
Actual symptoms :
► Itchy rash with small fluid filled blisters for first few days. Blisters then
turns into red papules which break out over several days. Finally
forms crust and scabs

Other symptoms :
► when it is associated with secondary bacterial infections, patient develops
pain, warmth and tenderness
Complications of Chickenpox :
► Pneumonia
► Inflammation of the brain
► Bacterial skin infections
b) Pemphigus :
► It is a rare form of blistering auto immune disorder
► It causes blisters and sores on the skin and mucous membrane especially
in the mouth and genitalia
► The blisters rupture easily, leaving open sores which may ooze and
become infected
► It is of two types viz. Pemphigus Vulgaris and Pemphigus foliaceus.

Pemphigus Vulgaris :
► It usually begins with blisters in the mouth then on to the skin or genital
mucosa
► These blisters are typically painful but do not itch
► It causes mouth ulcers
Pemphigus foliaceus :
► Usually blisters begin on the chest, back and shoulders
► These blisters are more itchy than pain
► They do not cause mouth ulcers
Complications:
► Secondary skin infections
► Sepsis , Malnutrition due to mouth ulcers

- All types of Blisters can be compared with the condition sphota
which is one of the “Kshudra Kushta” .
- Blister or bulla , when small it is called vesicle.
- It is a bubble of fluid which formed beneath a thin layer of dead skin.
- It contains fluid, a mixture of water and protein, that oozes from
injured tissue.
- Usually involves top most layers of the skin , which peels quickly
without forming a scar.
- Some external causes for blister formation:
1 friction- After a long walk , running , tight shoe , etc.
2 cold (frost bite)- when we are exposed to temperatures below
freezing point , our blood vessels contract push blood away from
extremities and forms a blister with extra cellular fluid.

3 Heat- Burns and scalds form blisters on the skin ,even sun burns can cause blisters
on the skin.
4 Chemicals- which on contact cause blisters .Eg strong acids, etc.
(d) Some diseases which cause blisters:
► Herpes simplex
► Impetigo
► Herpes zoster
► Chicken pox
► Pemphigus
► Erysipelas
► Folliculitis
► Cellulitis, Dermatitis , etc.
*Acute condition of all these blister forming diseases can be compared with the sphota
, when these diseases are affected by secondary infections , they may turn into the

10. SHATARU
Dosha predominance - pitta and kapha
Signs and Symptoms :-
- Raktam – Redness around the skin
- Shyavam- Blackish brown or bluish black colouration around the lesion.
- Bhahu vrana – Multiple lesions
- Daha- Burning sensation
- Arati- Severe pain
This disease can be compared with following modern skin diseases :
(a) Pyoderma Gangrenosum :
► It is an auto inflammatory disorder which spreads rapidly with painful ulcers.
► This is also known as neutrophilic dermatosis.
► Most of the time it is associated with IBS / Crohn’s disease , Rheumatoid
arthritis, Hepatitis , Leukaemia , etc.

► This disease usually starts suddenly at the site of minor injury.
► It may start as a small pustule, red bump or a blood blister.
► When skin of the blister breaks down , resulting in an ulcer.
► The edge of the ulcer is purple in colour and undermine.
► Several ulcers may develop at the same time.
b) Poly arthritis nodosa:
► It consists of focal inflammatory nodules throughout the arterial wall
► It is more common in men and also in patients with active Hepatitis-B
► It is a multi system disease ,mainly causes a systemic necrotizing inflammation of
blood vessels, typically involving the arteries of the kidneys which may also involves
nerve and skin

► Nerve – peripheral neuropathy includes tingling, numbness and pain
in hands, arms, feet and leg
► Skin – purpura
- Nodular formation
- ulcers
- gangrene mostly occur on leg with severe pain
- fever, weight loss, joint pains
- increased ESR
- increased BP and proteinuria are main diagnostic features

C) Leg ulcers:
 Leg ulcers are of mainly four types:
1) Venous ulcers
2) Arterial ulcers
3) Neuropathic Diabetic ulcers
4) Pressure ulcers
 Out of these four types “Venous ulcers” and “Arterial ulcers” can be compared
with “Shataru”.
Venous ulcers Arterial ulcers
• Other names:
-Venous insufficiency ulceration.
-Stasis ulcers
-Stasis dermatitis
• Other names:
-Ischemic ulcers
-Ischemic wounds

Venous ulcer Arterial ulcer
- Varicose ulcers
- Ulcus cruris
*Mostly associated with DVT and
varicose veins.
PAIN:
 Moderate pain , throbbing , aching and
heavy feeling in the legs.
 Improves with the elevation and rest.
ULCER:
 Shallow with flat margins
 Venous ulcers are typically wet with
moderate to heavy exudate.
*Mostly associated with PAD.
PAIN:
 Severe pain , intermittent claudication
 Can be worse at night and rest.
 Improves with dependency.
ULCER:
 Deep , punched out appearance
 Irregular in shape
 Presence of necrotic tissue which
unhealthy appearance to the wound.
 Arterial ulcers are typically dry and
scabbed with low exudate.

 The skin surrounding venous ulcers
may be oedematous and there may be
evidence of varicose veins.
OTHER SYMPTOMS:
 Due to death of RBC’s red colour
staining to the wound (Hemosiderin
staining)
 Thickening and fibrosis of the skin.
 Dilated veins at the ankle.
 Crusty , dry hyper-keratotic , itchy skin.
 Eczematous skin .
 Pedal pulses present.
 Normal capillary refill , less than three
seconds.
 The skin surrounding the arterial ulcers
may be pale , cold , shiny and hairless.
OTHER SYMPTOMS:
 Thin , shiny , dry skin
 Reduced or no hair on the lower leg.
 Skin feels cooler to touch.
 Pallor on leg elevation.
 Absence or weak pedal pulses .
 Delayed capillary refill greater than
three seconds.
 Development of gangrene.

LOCATION:
 Occurs on medial aspect of the leg ,
especially medial malleolus area .
 Gaiter area of the leg.
COMMON CAUSES:
 Previous H/O DVT.
 Varicose veins.
 Obesity
 Pregnancy
 Reduced mobility.
 Previous vein surgery.
LOCATION:
 Occurs on the lateral aspect of the leg
, especially lateral malleolus , toes
and feet.
 Over bony prominences.
COMMON CAUSES:
 Diabetes
 Hypertension
 Smoking
 Obesity
 Reducing mobility
 Previous history of vascular disease.

11. VICHARCHIKA
Dosha predominance – kapha dosha
Signs and symptoms:
► Pidaka – eruptions (boils or blisters)
► Shyava – blackish brown or bluish black colouration of skin around the lesion
► Bahu srava – excessive discharges or oozing
► Kandu – severe itching sensation
(a) Eczema
- It is not a single health condition but a recognisable reaction pattern seen in a
number of skin diseases
- It is a condition where patches of skin become inflamed, red, itchy, cracked
and rough

- Atopic dermatitis is a common type of eczema
Symptoms :-
Acute condition:-
- Tiny blisters containing fluid
- Blisters are red in colour
- Eventually produce crusted, thick plaques on the skin
- It is moderate itchy
Chronic condition:-
- Blisters burst and ooze
- Blisters after burst turns into thick skin
- The thickened skin consists elevated crusts and scales

- Chronic eczema is very itchy
- Atopic dermatitis when causes blisters that ooze, or weepy sores .weepy areas leak fluid, which is
usually clear, when it presents with weepy sores, it may be called as wet eczema, weepy eczema,
or weeping eczema , weepy sores can also be a sign of infection , which is more relevant
condition to correlate with charakokta bahu srave vicharcika.
There are 12 types of skin conditions that produce eczema
i. Atopic dermatitis:
► This health condition has genetic basis, and produce common type of eczema.
► It is a condition which makes the skin dry and itchy
► It is a long lasting disease may be associated with asthma and hey fever
► It is common in children but can occur at any age
Symptoms:-
► Dry skin
► Itching which is severe at night times
► Red, brown, greyish patches on the skin
► Small raised bumps which may leak fluids

ii. Irritant dermatitis:
► It occurs when the skin is repeatedly exposed to excessive washing
and toxic substances
iii. Allergic contact dermatitis:
► It is a form of contact dermatitis that is the manifestation of an
allergic response caused by contact with allergic substance.
► IV. Stasis dermatitis:
► It commonly occurs on the swollen lower legs of people who have
poor circulation in the veins of the legs.
v. Fungal infection:
► This can produce a pattern identical to many other types of eczema
► Fungus is visible on microscopic examination and in culture

DERMATITIS
IRRITANT
TYPE
CONTACT TYPE FUNGAL TYPESTASIS TYPE

vi. Scabies :
- It is caused by an infestation by 8 legged microscopic itch mite and
may produce rash very similar to other forms of eczema.
vii. Pomphylox (Dys-hidrotic eczema):
- It is common but poorly understood health condition which
classically effects the hand and occasionally the feet
- It produces an itchy rash with tiny blisters mainly on the sides of the
fingers and toes and rarely on the palms and soles
viii. Lichen simplex chronicus :
- It produces thick end plaques on the skin commonly found on shin
and neck

SCABIES POMPHYLOX LICHEN SIMPLEX

ix. Nummular eczema :
- This is a non specific term for coin shaped plaques of skin. It is
commonly noticed on the lower legs of older individuals.
x. Zerotic eczema (dry skin):
- In this, the skin will crack and ooze due to excess dryness and
appear as crazy paving
- It is seen usually on lower legs of elderly people
- More common in winter season
- It is extremely itchy
xi. Seborrhic dermatitis :
- In adults rash appears on the scalp, face, ears and mid chest
- In infants it can produce weepy-oozy rash behind the ears and can be
quite extensive involving entire body.

DERMATITIS
NUMMULAR TYPE XEROTIC TYPE SEBORRHEIC TYPE

xii. Vericose eczema :
► It occurs on the lower limbs secondary to varicose veins
► Usually around the medial malleoli
► It presents with leakage of blood, activation of inflammatory cells and
fibro blasts
► It also shows lipodermato sclerosis and more pigmentation often seen

SKIN DISEASE CORRELATION

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