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Asthama
- 1. Asthma PRESENTED BY: Nrt. Gargi
- 2. Myths and Facts about Asthma • Asthma is “all in the mind” • You will "grow out of it.“ • Asthma can be cured, so it is not serious and nobody dies from it. • You are likely to develop asthma if someone in your family has it. • You can "catch" asthma from someone else who has it. • Moving to a different location, such as the desert, can cure asthma • People with asthma should not exercise. • Asthma does not require medical treatment.
- 3. What is Asthma • It is a common chronic inflammatory disease of the airways characterized by: • Variable and recurring symptoms • Reversible airflow obstruction • Bronchospasm • Sudden recurrent attacks of labored breathing, chest constriction and coughing.
- 4. Normal Airways v/s Asthmatic Airways
- 5. How does asthma affect breathing • It causes a narrowing of the breathing airways, which interferes with the normal movement of air in and out of the lungs Major Factors responsible for this narrowing: • Inflammation • Bronchospasm • Hyperreactivity
- 6. Inflammation
- 7. Bronchospasm
- 12. Signs and symptoms • Wheezing • Dyspnea • Cough with or without sputum • Rapid pulse • Cyanosis in lips & face • Trouble in sleeping • Lots of sneezing • Headache • Chest tightness
- 13. Diagnosis • 1.Chest x-ray • 2.Spirometry
- 14. Asthma Management Goals • Control symptoms • Prevent exacerbation • Maintain lung function as close to normal as possible • Avoid adverse effects from medications • Prevent irreversible airway obstruction • Prevent asthma mortality
- 15. Management • Assess and monitor asthma severity with symptom reports and measures of lung function as much as possible • Avoid exposure to risk factors • Establish medication plans for chronic management in children and adults • Establish individual plans for managing exacerbations • Provide regular follow-up care
- 16. Pharmacotherapy 1.Long acting beta-2 agonists(LABA) 2.Albuterol(short acting beta-2 agonist) 3.Inhaled corticosteroids 4.Mast cell stabilizers. 5.Leucotrienes receptor antagonists 6.Theophylline
- 17. Management In ayurveda • In acute attack, oleation and sudation should always be performed. If the patient is strong, and there is excess accumulation of Kapha in the respiratory system, then a medicated emesis is the treatment of choice. • Sitopaladi powder should be given with warm water or honey repeatedly. • During the attack, give a bronchodilator and anti – spasmodic herbs such as lobelia, vasa, or ephedra 125 mgm; with warm water every 10 minutes. • Rasayana treatment – For giving strength to the respiratory channel, proper rejuvenative herbs should be used.
- 18. ROLE OF YOGA IN HEALING ASTHMA • By regular exercise of Yogasana and pranayama the constriction of the bronchial tubes gets very much reduced.Slowly the capacity of bronchial tubes increases to great extent. • By this type of performances one can control attack of asthma to great extent and subsequently gradually asthma can be cured from the roots
- 19. • YOGA ASANAS • Ekpada Uttanasana • Tadasana • Yoga Mudra • Ushtrasana • Simhasana • Sarvangasana • Matsyasana • Shavasana • Pranayaman • Ujjayee Pranayama
- 20. Supplements and Asthma • Vitamin C • Magnesium • B-6 or Pyridoxine • Vitamin D • Vitamin E • Probiotics
- 21. Dietary Recommendations 1 • Encourage families to eat more: – Fruits and Vegetables – Better Quality Fats – Quality Protein (Animal and Vegetable) – Eggs
- 22. Dietary Recommendations 2 • Encourage families to eat less: – Sodas and Fruit Juices – Commercial Fast Foods – Snacks high in sugar, fat and salt – Avoid Sulfites – Avoid Hydrogenated Fats • Margarine • Vegetable Shortening
- 23. THANK YOU…...
Notas del editor
- F - Asthma is not a psychological condition. However, emotional triggers can cause flare-ups.F - You cannot outgrow asthma. In about 50% of children with asthma, the condition may become inactive in the teenage years. The symptoms, however, may reoccur anytime in adulthood.F - There is no cure for asthma, but the disease can be controlled in most patients with good medical care. The condition should be taken seriously, since uncontrolled asthma may result in emergency hospitalization and possible death.T - You have a 6% chance of having asthma if neither parent has the condition, a 30% chance if one parent has it, and a 70% chance if both parents have it.F - Asthma is not contagious.F - A new environment may temporarily improve asthma symptoms, but it will not cure asthma. After a few years in the new location, many people become sensitized to the new environment and the asthma symptoms return with the same or even greater intensity than before.F - Swimming is an optimal exercise for those with asthma. On the other hand, exercising in dry, cold air may be a trigger for asthma in some people.F - Asthma is best controlled by having an asthma management plan designed by your doctor that includes the medications used for quick relief and those used as controllers.
- Bronchospasm or a bronchial spasm is a sudden constriction of the muscles in the walls of the bronchioles. It is caused by the release (degranulation) of substances from mast cells orbasophils under the influence of anaphylatoxins. It causes difficulty in breathing which can be very mild to severe.
- The air we breathe in through our nose and mouth passes through the vocal cords (larynx) and into the windpipe (trachea). The air then enters the lungs by way of two large air passages (bronchi), one for each lung. The bronchi divide within each lung into smaller and smaller air tubes (bronchioles), just like branches of an inverted tree. Inhaled air is brought through these airways to the millions of tiny air sacs (alveoli) that are contained in the lungs. Oxygen (O2) passes from the air sacs into the bloodstream through numerous tiny blood vessels called capillaries. Similarly, the body's waste product, carbon dioxide (CO2), is returned to the air sacs and then eliminated upon each exhalation.Normal bronchial tubes allow rapid passage of air in and out of the lungs to ensure that the levels of O2 and CO2 remain constant in the bloodstream. The outer walls of the bronchial tubes are surrounded by smooth muscles that contract and relax automatically with each breath. This allows the required amount of air to enter and exit the lungs to achieve this normal exchange of O2 and CO2. The contraction and relaxation of the bronchial smooth muscles are controlled by two different nervous systems that work in harmony to keep the airways open.The inner lining of the bronchial tubes, called the bronchial mucosa, contains: (1) mucus glands that produce just enough mucus to properly lubricate the airways; and (2) a variety of so-called inflammatory cells, such as eosinophils, lymphocytes, and mast cells. These cells are designed to protect the bronchial mucosa from the microorganisms, allergens, and irritants we inhale, and which can cause the bronchial tissue to swell. Remember, however, that these inflammatory cells are also important players in the allergic reaction. Therefore, the presence of these cells in the bronchial tubes causes them to be a prime target for allergic inflammation.
- Bronchospasm or a bronchial spasm is a sudden constriction of the muscles in the walls of the bronchioles. It is caused by the release (degranulation) of substances from mast cells orbasophils under the influence of anaphylatoxins. It causes difficulty in breathing which can be very mild to severe.
- Inflammation :The first and most important factor causing narrowing of the bronchial tubes is inflammation. The bronchial tubes become red, irritated, and swollen. This inflammation increases the thickness of the wall of the bronchial tubes and thus results in a smaller passageway for air to flow through. The inflammation occurs in response to an allergen or irritant and results from the action of chemical mediators (histamine,leukotrienes, and others). The inflamed tissues produce an excess amount of "sticky" mucus into the tubes. The mucus can clump together and form "plugs" that can clog the smaller airways. Specialized allergy and inflammation cells (eosinophils and white blood cells), which accumulate at the site, cause tissue damage. These damaged cells are shed into the airways, thereby contributing to the narrowing.
- BronchospasmThe muscles around the bronchial tubes tighten during an attack of asthma. This muscle constriction of the airways is called bronchospasm. Bronchospasm causes the airway to narrow further. Chemical mediators and nerves in the bronchial tubes cause the muscles to constrict. Bronchospasm can occur in all humans and can be brought on by inhaling cold or dry air.
- Hyperreactivity (hypersensitivity)In patients with asthma, the chronically inflamed and constricted airways become highly sensitive, or reactive, to triggers such as allergens, irritants, and infections. Exposure to these triggers may result in progressively more inflammation and narrowing.The combination of these three factors results in difficulty with breathing out, or exhaling. As a result, the air needs to be forcefully exhaled to overcome the narrowing, thereby causing the typical "wheezing" sound. People with asthma also frequently "cough" in an attempt to expel the thick mucus plugs. Reducing the flow of air may result in less oxygen passing into the bloodstream, and if very severe, carbon dioxide may dangerously accumulate in the blood.
- "seasonal" pollensyear-round dust mites, molds, pets, and insect partsfoods, such as fish, egg, peanuts, nuts, cow's milk, and soyadditives, such as sulfiteswork-related agents, such as latexIrritantsrespiratory infections, such as those caused by viral "colds," bronchitis, andsinusitisdrugs, such as aspirin, other NSAIDs (nonsteroidalantiinflammatory drugs), andbeta blockers (used to treat blood pressure and other heart conditions)tobacco smokeoutdoor factors, such as smog, weather changes, and diesel fumesindoor factors, such as paint, detergents, deodorants, chemicals, and perfumesnighttimeGERD (gastroesophageal reflux disorder)exercise, especially under cold dry conditionswork-related factors, such as chemicals, dusts, gases, and metalsemotional factors, such as laughing, crying, yelling, and distresshormonal factors, such as in premenstrual syndrome