This document outlines the process of sugar production from sugarcane. It begins with the cultivation of sugarcane, including planting, growing, and harvesting. It then details the manufacturing process, which includes transporting the sugarcane, washing, cutting, shredding, milling, clarification, filtration, evaporation, crystallization, centrifugation, refining, drying, and packaging. Finally, it discusses the byproducts produced during sugar production, such as bagasse, filter mud, spent wash, molasses, and cane tops.

2. •Content outline
 Introduction
 Sugar
 Sugarcane and its cultivation
 Process of manufacturing of sugar
 By product of sugar factory
 summary

3. •Introduction
Sugar
• General term indicating sweet carbohydrates
• Mono-, di- and poly-saccharides
• Obtained from plants, largely sugarcane & sugar beet plant
• Sugar is a vital ingredient in most of out daily consumption
For example: Soft drinks, juices, tea, biscuits, sweet meats,
bakery items, deserts, etc.

4. •Introduction
• have two main source/raw material for sugar
Manufacturing these are:
• sugar cane and sugar beet.
• For now we see how to extract from sugar cane.
• Many physic-chemical process are take place during
sugar production.
• In addition to sugar production sugar factory produce by
product.

5. •PROCESS OF SUGAR PRODUCTION
•Raw material for sugar production
• Sugar cane and sugar beet
 SUGAR CANE AND ITS CULITIVATION
• Sugarcane plants are a genus of tall tropically growing
perennial grasses from the family Poaceae.
• Sugar cane is in the same family as grass, and grows in
the form of tall, narrow stalks, or canes.
• Sugar cane is rich in sucrose there used for sugar
production.

6. PROCESS OF SUGAR PRODUCTION
 SUGAR CANE AND ITS CULITIVATION
 Planting Sugar Cane
• Select healthy sugar cane plants
• Split the sugar cane stems into foot-long pieces
• Dig furrows in a sunny planting spot
• Moisten the furrows
• Plant the sugar cane
• Wait for the sugar cane to grow
 Growing and Harvesting Sugar Cane
• Fertilize the sugar cane with nitrogen
• Weed the planting bed often
• Wait until fall to harvest
• Harvesting of sugarcane at a proper time

7. Statement or caption here
PROCESS OF SUGAR PRODUCTION
 SUGAR CANE AND ITS CULITIVATION
Sugar Harvesting of cane is generally two types:
• MANNUAL: in manual type harvesting, canes are harvested by th
help of manpower or labour.
• MECHANICAL: in this type of harvesting, canes are harvested by
the machine (harvester or combine machine).
Mannual mechanical

9. • PROCESS OF SUGAR PRODUCTION
• MANUFACTURING PROCESS
• TRANSPORTING
• sugar cane are transported to the sugar industries by the help
of :
track Tractor Animals

10. •PROCESS OF SUGAR PRODUCTION
• MANUFACTURING PROCESS
• Washing, Cutting of Canes, Shredding
• Washing the sugarcane before processing i.e. removing dirty.
• Cutting operation is the first operation in industry.
• Cutters are mechanical equipment which is used to cut the canes into
desired size.
• Shredder is used to remove leaves and undesired solid particles from cane.
Cane knifeswasher shredder

11. • PROCESS OF SUGAR PRODUCTION
• MANUFACTURING PROCESS
• Milling
 Milling is process of crushing the sticks of sugar cane to extract the juice.
 The shredded cane is fed through a series of crushing mills to extract the sugar rich
juice. Consists of three roller mills connected in series:
o Top roller
o Feed roller
o Discharge roller
 These used to extract the juice from crushing sticks.
 To make the mill process more efficient, the poor juices of the subsequent millings
are reprocessed (mashing process) and hot water is applied in the last
milling to increase the extraction.
 Bagasse is produce as a by product.

12. • PROCESS OF SUGAR PRODUCTION
• MANUFACTURING PROCESS
• Clarification
• In clarification process sludge, mud, suspended & colloidal particles are
removes by some chemical compounds.
• Raw cane juice are filled in clarifier (conical shape vessel), where
phosphoric acid, lime & sulphur dioxide are mixed with the help of
agitator.
• When these chemicals are mixed, suspended and colloidal particles are
collect in flock and resulting settled down.
• Neat and clean juice comes out from the upper section of clarifier, sludge
and mud are collect in bottom and drainage to rotary filter.
• Calcium phosphate : as flocculent
• Lime & SO2 : acts as bleaching agent
• CO2 : acts as acidifying agent
•

13. • PROCESS OF SUGAR PRODUCTION
• MANUFACTURING PROCESS
• FILTRATION
• Clarified mud from the clarifier further filtered in rotary filter.
Mud & sludge are stick on the periphery of rotating drum by the
action of suction. Solid cake removes from the drum by doctor blade.

14. • PROCESS OF SUGAR PRODUCTION
• MANUFACTURING PROCESS
• Evaporation
• Evaporators are used in process industry to concentrate liquids.
• The operation is performed normally by use of low pressure, dry &
saturated steam.
• The evaporator consist a heat exchanger in inner section .
• In the evaporator feed interred at upper section and concentrated
thick liquor exit at bottom section.
• Multiple effect evaporator increase quality
Multiple effect
evaporator

15. • PROCESS OF SUGAR PRODUCTION
• MANUFACTURING PROCESS
• Crystallization
• In the field of engineering crystallization process
considered as mass transfer operation.
• Purest form of substance is obtained.
• The object of the process is usually the recovery of the
solute (crystals) from the solvent.
• Process consist 3 major events:
• Clustering
• Nucleation
• growth

16. • PROCESS OF SUGAR PRODUCTION
• MANUFACTURING PROCESS
• Separation /centrifugation
• Separate sugar from molasses /mother liquor
• Centrifuge operates at 100-1800 rpm
• Molasses pass through perforations
• Sugar crystals are washed with 85ᴼC water
• Raw sugar and molasses produced
centrifuge

17. • PROCESS OF SUGAR PRODUCTION
• MANUFACTURING PROCESS
• Refining
• A sugar refinery is a refinery which processes raw sugar into white
refined sugar.
• Refining process consist of 4 step ;
• Affination - dissolving off some surface impurities
• Carbonatation - removing further impurities that precipitate
from solution with calcium carbonate
• char filtration - removing further impurities with activated
carbon
• Recovery - using a vacuum process (see salt recovery). The
liquor left over from the preparation of white sugar and the
washings from the affination stage both contain sugar which it
is economic to recover.

18. • PROCESS OF SUGAR PRODUCTION
• MANUFACTURING PROCESS
• Refining process

19. • MANUFACTURING PROCESS
• Drying
• Drying is very essential mass transfer operation in processing sugar
cane into sugar.
• The wet raw sugar from centrifuges goes to rotary drier to remove the
water from the wet sugar to reduce moisture content to 0.5-2%; using
hot air at 110ºC which flow counter currently with sugar.

20. • MANUFACTURING PROCESS
• Storage/packaging
• packing is final process of sugar manufacturing process.
• Containers opaque, airtight, moisture/odor proof
• Glass canning jars or cans for liquid sugars
• Factors affecting sugar storage
• Temperature
• Moisture
• Quality of sugar
• Light
• Grain size and distribution
• Compression

21. • MANUFACTURING PROCESS
• Raw & Refined Sugar
• Raw sugar
• Obtained directly from sugarcane juice without refining
• Most natural sugar
• Brown in color due to molasses
• Refined sugar
• Have white luster and transparent
• Bleached to remove color and other impurities

22. • MANUFACTURING
PROCESS

23. •By product of sugar factory
• Cane tops
• Cane tops have no real market value.
• When fresh, of about 2.8 MJ of metabolizable energy per kilo of dry matter.
• However cane tops should be collected and transported from
• the cane fields to the feedlot
• Bagasse
• It is the fibrous residue of the cane stalk left after
• Crushing and extraction of the juice
• It consists of fibres, water and relatively small
• Quantities of soluble solids-mostly sugar
• It is a color less, in flammable, volatile, aromatic liquid
• Use as bioful

24. Statement or caption here•By product of sugar factory
 Filter mud / press mud and Spent Wash
 The precipitated impurities contained in the cane juice, after removal
filtration, form a cake of varying moisture content called filter mud.
 This cake contains much of the colloidal organic matter, anions th
precipitate during clarification, as well as certain non-sugars.
 Molasses
 Molasses is the final effluent obtained in the preparation of sugar
repeated crystallization
 It is the residual syrup from which no crystalline sucrose can be obtain
by simple means
 The yield of molasses is approximately 3.0 percent per tonne of cane.