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Ashtanga Yoga
The Eight Limbs of Yoga
1. Yama(Self restraint, moral guidelines for
human development)
2. Niyama(Observances, principles of morality)
3. Asana (yoga postures)
4. Pranayama(breath control)
5. Pratyahara(withdrawal of mind)
6. Dharana(concentration)
7. Dhyana(meditation)
8. Samadhi (suspension of mind in the goal)
Niyama
1. Shaoca: Purity of mind and cleanliness of body.Shaoca is of two kinds - purity of the body and of
the mind. The methods for mental purity are kindliness towards all creatures, charity, working for the
welfare of others and being dutiful. Internal cleanliness depends on what we eat, and other things we
ingest.
2. Santosa: Mental ease and contentment. Contentment with things received unasked for is santos’a.
It is essential to try to be cheerful always.
3. Tapah: Social service. To undergo physical hardship to attain the objective is known as Tapah.
Upava’sa (fasting), serving the guru (preceptor), serving father and mother, and the four types of
yajina, namely. pitryajina, nr yajina, bhu’tayajina and adhya’tmayajina (service to ancestors, to
humanity, to lower beings and to Consciousness), are the other limbs of tapah. For students, study is
the main tapah. Social service.
4. Svadhyaya: Inspirational reading. To read uplifting books. The study, with proper understanding, of
scriptures and philosophical books is sva’dhya’ya. Sva’dhya’ya is also done by attending group
meditation regularly and having satsaunga (spiritual company), but this kind of sva’dhya’ya is
intended only for those who are not capable of studying in the above manner.
5. IishvaraPranidhana: To meditate on the Cosmic Consciousness. This is to have firm faith in Iishvara
(the Cosmic Controller) in pleasure and pain, prosperity and adversity, and to think of oneself as the
instrument, and not the wielder of the instrument, in all the affairs of life.
 The most important effect of asanas is on the endocrine glands which
secrete hormones. If the secretion of any gland is too much or too little,
then there will be an imbalance in the mind and a malfunctioning in the
body. Asanas help to regulate these secretions. Asanas also keep the
spinal cord flexible and strong, and they detoxify the organs. The
AnnamayaKos’a is perfected through A’sanas.
 Pranayama works on controlling the vital energy. The vital energies are known as Vayus or “winds”.
There are ten vayus in the human body which are responsible for the moving activities including
respiration, circulation of the blood excretion of wastes, movement of limbs; etc. The controlling
point of all these vayus is an organ known as Pranendriya. In pranayama there is a special process
of breathing in which the pulsation of the Pranendriya becomes still and the mind becomes very
calm. This helps meditation greatly. Pra’na’ya’ma perfects the ManomayaKo’sa,
(&PranamayaKo’sa).
Pratyahara means to withdraw the mind from its attachment to external objects. In Tantra
the repetition of mantra is preceded by a process in which the meditator retracts his or
her mind to one point. Pratyahara perfects the Atima’nasaKos’a
Dha’rana’ means the concentration of the mind at a specific point. In the basic lesson of
Tantric meditation the aspirant brings his or her mind to a specific chakra which is his or
her spiritual and psychic nucleus. This point is called the Ista Chakra. Dha’rana’ is found
in the first lesson of meditation, there is another form of Dharana known as
TattvaDharana in which the aspirant concentrates on the chakras and the specific factors
controlled by the chakras. This lesson is important because it helps the meditator to gain
control over the mental propensities governed by that chakra (vrttis), as well as to
increase the concentration powers of the mind which is especially valuable in the other
lessons of meditation. The Vijina’nmayaKos’a is perfected through Dha’rana’.
Dhyana helps to perfect the most subtle layer of the mind and leads the person to the
final step of Ashtanga Yoga which is samadhi. When Tantric teachers from India first
brought Dhyan meditation to China it became known as Chan, when brought to Korea it
was known as Den, and finally to Japan it became known as Zen. The Hiran’mayaKos’a
is perfected through Dhyana.
Samadhi is the absorption of mind in the Supreme Consciousness. There are two main types of samadhi,
nirvikalpa and savikalpa. Savikalpa is a trance of absorption with distortion or qualification. In
savikalpasamadhi the person has the feeling that “I am the Supreme Consciousness”, but in
nirvikalpasamadhi there is no longer a feeling of “I”. The individual consciousness is totally merged in the
Cosmic Consciousness. “when his or her mind merges in universal mind, this state is called
savikalpasamadhi”. Samadhi can also be attained through intense devotion, sometimes this is called
Bhava Samadhi. The Soul is accessed only through Dhyana Samadhi.
Art and design by Aaron Staengl Copyright © 2015 All Rights Reserved
Text adopted from ShriiShriiAnandamurti, &
AC Dada VedaprajinanandaAvt. http://www.anandamarga.org

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Ashtanga yoga

  • 1. Ashtanga Yoga The Eight Limbs of Yoga
  • 2. 1. Yama(Self restraint, moral guidelines for human development) 2. Niyama(Observances, principles of morality) 3. Asana (yoga postures) 4. Pranayama(breath control) 5. Pratyahara(withdrawal of mind) 6. Dharana(concentration) 7. Dhyana(meditation) 8. Samadhi (suspension of mind in the goal)
  • 3.
  • 4. Niyama 1. Shaoca: Purity of mind and cleanliness of body.Shaoca is of two kinds - purity of the body and of the mind. The methods for mental purity are kindliness towards all creatures, charity, working for the welfare of others and being dutiful. Internal cleanliness depends on what we eat, and other things we ingest. 2. Santosa: Mental ease and contentment. Contentment with things received unasked for is santos’a. It is essential to try to be cheerful always. 3. Tapah: Social service. To undergo physical hardship to attain the objective is known as Tapah. Upava’sa (fasting), serving the guru (preceptor), serving father and mother, and the four types of yajina, namely. pitryajina, nr yajina, bhu’tayajina and adhya’tmayajina (service to ancestors, to humanity, to lower beings and to Consciousness), are the other limbs of tapah. For students, study is the main tapah. Social service. 4. Svadhyaya: Inspirational reading. To read uplifting books. The study, with proper understanding, of scriptures and philosophical books is sva’dhya’ya. Sva’dhya’ya is also done by attending group meditation regularly and having satsaunga (spiritual company), but this kind of sva’dhya’ya is intended only for those who are not capable of studying in the above manner. 5. IishvaraPranidhana: To meditate on the Cosmic Consciousness. This is to have firm faith in Iishvara (the Cosmic Controller) in pleasure and pain, prosperity and adversity, and to think of oneself as the instrument, and not the wielder of the instrument, in all the affairs of life.
  • 5.  The most important effect of asanas is on the endocrine glands which secrete hormones. If the secretion of any gland is too much or too little, then there will be an imbalance in the mind and a malfunctioning in the body. Asanas help to regulate these secretions. Asanas also keep the spinal cord flexible and strong, and they detoxify the organs. The AnnamayaKos’a is perfected through A’sanas.
  • 6.  Pranayama works on controlling the vital energy. The vital energies are known as Vayus or “winds”. There are ten vayus in the human body which are responsible for the moving activities including respiration, circulation of the blood excretion of wastes, movement of limbs; etc. The controlling point of all these vayus is an organ known as Pranendriya. In pranayama there is a special process of breathing in which the pulsation of the Pranendriya becomes still and the mind becomes very calm. This helps meditation greatly. Pra’na’ya’ma perfects the ManomayaKo’sa, (&PranamayaKo’sa).
  • 7. Pratyahara means to withdraw the mind from its attachment to external objects. In Tantra the repetition of mantra is preceded by a process in which the meditator retracts his or her mind to one point. Pratyahara perfects the Atima’nasaKos’a
  • 8. Dha’rana’ means the concentration of the mind at a specific point. In the basic lesson of Tantric meditation the aspirant brings his or her mind to a specific chakra which is his or her spiritual and psychic nucleus. This point is called the Ista Chakra. Dha’rana’ is found in the first lesson of meditation, there is another form of Dharana known as TattvaDharana in which the aspirant concentrates on the chakras and the specific factors controlled by the chakras. This lesson is important because it helps the meditator to gain control over the mental propensities governed by that chakra (vrttis), as well as to increase the concentration powers of the mind which is especially valuable in the other lessons of meditation. The Vijina’nmayaKos’a is perfected through Dha’rana’.
  • 9. Dhyana helps to perfect the most subtle layer of the mind and leads the person to the final step of Ashtanga Yoga which is samadhi. When Tantric teachers from India first brought Dhyan meditation to China it became known as Chan, when brought to Korea it was known as Den, and finally to Japan it became known as Zen. The Hiran’mayaKos’a is perfected through Dhyana.
  • 10. Samadhi is the absorption of mind in the Supreme Consciousness. There are two main types of samadhi, nirvikalpa and savikalpa. Savikalpa is a trance of absorption with distortion or qualification. In savikalpasamadhi the person has the feeling that “I am the Supreme Consciousness”, but in nirvikalpasamadhi there is no longer a feeling of “I”. The individual consciousness is totally merged in the Cosmic Consciousness. “when his or her mind merges in universal mind, this state is called savikalpasamadhi”. Samadhi can also be attained through intense devotion, sometimes this is called Bhava Samadhi. The Soul is accessed only through Dhyana Samadhi.
  • 11. Art and design by Aaron Staengl Copyright © 2015 All Rights Reserved Text adopted from ShriiShriiAnandamurti, & AC Dada VedaprajinanandaAvt. http://www.anandamarga.org