2. The term carbohydrate is derived from the French term : hydrate de
carbone
Compounds composed of C, H, and O
Empirical formula (CH2O)n when n = 5 then C5H10O5
Not all carbohydrates have this empirical formula: e.g.
deoxysugars, amino sugars etc
Carbohydrates are the most abundant compounds found in nature
(cellulose: 100 billion tons annually)
3. -They have large number of hydroxyl groups (polyhydroxy)
-In addition they may contain-an aldehyde group
(polyhydroxyaldehydes) or a keto group-(polyhydroxyketones).
-Their derivatives may also contain nitrogen, phosphorus or sulfur.
H C O
H COH
R
HYDROXYL GROUP ALDEHYDE GROUP
KETO GROUP
19. Isomers differing as a result of variations in configuration of the —OH and —H on carbon atoms 2, 3, and 4 of glucose are known as ep
Isomers of Monosaccharides