This slide contains information regarding blepharitis, chalazion and stye. This can be helpful for proficiency level and bachelor level nursing students.
6. Definition
It is a common eye condition characterized by chronic
inflammation of the eyelid generally the part where eyelashes
grow.
It is an inflammation which occurs when tiny oil glands located
near the base of the eyelashes malfunction.
7. Etiology
Commonest causes are dirt, staphylococcal infection and allergy.
Infection with coagulase positive staphylococcus.
10. Contd.
Allergies-allergic reaction to eye medication, contact lens
solution, eye make up
Eyelash mites or lice
Certain medications-acne medicine ISOTRETINOIN can lead
to increase in bacteria in eyelids and can affect the tear
production.
11. Types
Clinically two types of blepharitis
a)Squamous/Sebborheic blepharitis:
More common than ulcerative form. It is not essentially an infective
condition.
Metabolic causes, hygienic factors, eye strain and sebborhoea of the scalp
usually leads to the development of this condition.
In this case, there is accumulation of white scales like dandruff on the lid
margin. On removing this scales, the lid margins appears hyperemic but there
is no ulceration.
12. Contd.
b)Ulcerative/Infective blepharitis:
This condition is due to infection of lid margin with coagulase
positive staphylococcus.
There is suppurative inflammation of ciliary follicles along with
gland of zeis and moll.
Yellow crusts are deposited at the roots of eyelash.
On removing the crusts, small ulcers appear around the base of
the eyelashes which bleed freely.
13. Pathophysiology
Etiological or predisposing
factors
Invade the gland and eyelash
follicles
Skin inflammation
In sebborheic form, on removing
the scales there occurs hyperemia.
In ulcerative form, on removing the
crusts there occurs ulceration.
20. Diagnosis
History and physical examination(eye examination)
Slit lamp examination
Culture and sensitivity: Collect the sample of oil or crust on the
eyelid for bacteria, fungi or allergic reaction.
23. Contd.
Maintain hygiene: Hygiene maintenance by cleaning the scalp,
eyebrows and lid margins daily with medicated shampoo (baby
shampoo) to control sebborheic dermatitis.
25. Contd.
Antibiotics like Gentamycin or Chloromycetin ointment 3 times a
day for 5days
Topical anti-inflammatory agents: hydrocortisone 1% ointment
usually on bedtime for 7 days.
26. Preventive measures
Teach the client to,
avoid cosmetics.
separate towel for face and hair and use it individually.
avoid using the eye frequently with uncleaned hands.
27. Nursing management
Emphasize the importance of keeping the scalp, eyebrows and eyelid
margins clean.
Instruct the patient to remove eyelid crusts with wash cloth or wet
cotton.
Crusts are easier to remove when warm moist compresses are applied
for10 to 15 minutes.
Hand washing before and after the care of the eyelids
Tell the patient to avoid rubbing or touching the eyes
Tell the patient to trim the nails.
Avoid cosmetics which may cause irritation.
30. Definition
It is a cyst in the eyelid that is caused by inflammation of blocked
meibomian gland, usually on the upper eyelid.
It is a painless inflammation of the meibomian gland
characterized by localized swelling.
31. Risk Factors
History of chalazion
Unclean hands
Person with blepharitis, stye, rosacea
35. Management
Warm compression: for 10 to 20 minutes at least four times a day
which
may soften the hardened oil blocking the duct and promote drainage
and healing.
Topical antibiotic eye drops or ointment: like Chloramphenicol or
Fusidic acid 3 times a day for 5 days.
If such therapy fails,
Incision and curettage under local anesthesia
Pressure eye patch
Teaching on proper lid hygiene.
37. Definition
It is an infection of the sebaceous glands of zeis or glands of moll
at the base of the eyelashes.
It is a suppurative inflammation of the follicles of eyelashes along
the edge of the eyelid margin.
40. Predisposing factors
AGE: can occur at any age but most common in young adults
MEATBOLIC FACTORS: diabetes,debility
41. Sign and symptoms
Acute pain on the lid margin
Localized, red ,swollen area
Edema in the affected lid
Burning in the eye
Itching on the eyeball
42. Contd.
Irritation on the eye
Tearing
Discomfort during blinking
Foreign body sensation
43. Diagnosis
History and physical examination
Culture and sensitivity: Take sample of the purulent material from
abscess
44. Medical Management
Warm compression
Antibiotics
If conservative treatment fails, incision and curettage
45. Nursing management
Advise the patient to use clean cloth for warm compression and
dispose it separately to prevent from spreading.
Avoid squeezing the stye which spreads the infection along the
eyelid margin.
Advise the patient with recurrent or persistent stye to see the
doctor.