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Chapter 8 Convention  Practice in Orthographic  Writing
TOPICS ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
DEFINITION Projection’ s rules Convention practices Convention  is a  commonly accepted practices  which   disregard   some strict rules of orthographic projection. Object More readable multiview representation Multiview representation Disregard some rules
Using a dash line for representing the hidden edge. EXAMPLE : Already met convention practice Front view CONVENTION PRACTICE
PURPOSES To  improve the clarity of a drawing.  To  reduce the drafting effort. To  save or efficiently use a drawing space. To  facilitate the dimensioning.
1. Alternate position of side view 2. Incompleted view TYPES OF CONVENTION  PRACTICE 2.1 Incompleted side view 2.4 Local view 2.3 Half view 2.2 Partial view
3. Aligned view 4. Enlarged view 6. Intersection :  Hole on a cylinder 5. Non-existing intersection line TYPES OF CONVENTION  PRACTICE
ALTERNATE  POSITION  OF  SIDE  VIEW
Whenever the  height   of an object is  small   and the depth   is   relatively  large , places the side view beside the top view. Purposes Conventional  practice ALTERNATE POSITION OF SIDE VIEW To save drawing space. To improve the clarity of a drawing.
Example Front Top Right
Example New orientation of views still agree with 3 rd  angle system. Slot becomes more readable. Hole becomes more readable.
INCOMPLETED  SIDE  VIEW
DEFINITION Incompleted side views   are side views that are eliminated a feature that can not clearly seen from a selected viewing direction.
Principal view Difficult  to read and to dimension. Left-side view Right-side view Details are  interfered  by those on the opposite view. Example :  Strictly orthographic projection.
Example :  Incompleted side views Incompleted left-side view Incompleted right-side view Principal view Better describe an object and facilitate dimensioning.
Principal view Example :  Incompleted side views representation
PARTIAL  VIEW HALF  VIEW LOCAL  VIEW
DEFINITION Partial view  is a view that represents   portions of the part that have a features need to clarify . Half view   is a partial view that is illustrated  only half of the part.  Local view   is a view that shows   only features need to clarify.
Clearly seen a shape. Example :  Partial views
Symmetry symbol Left half Right half Thin line (4H) Center line acts as a line of symmetry. No continuous line ! Example :  Half view
No symmetry symbol. It is allow for writing a break line. In this course, we  omit  the break line. Example :  Half view : alternative representation Thin line (4H) Half view can be made by drawing the views slightly beyond the line of symmetry.
Example :  Half view : two symmetry axes
Example :  Local view Shape of the slot is completely shown. R6 7 Easy for dimensioning
ALIGNED  VIEW
DEFINITION Align view  is a view that is drawn by  imaginarily rotating   the object’s features , appeared in a principle view  about symmetry axis .
Example :  Necessity of align view Waste of time Confuse Clear Strictly Projection Apply convention
CONVENTION  PRACTICE For an object that has  symmetrical positioned features , it is advisable to show them on adjacent view in  true size  at  true radial distance  from the symmetry axis.
Example :  Align view of holes Gives the impression that there is a hole at the center of the plate. Given Apply  aligned convention
Example :  Align view of holes Given Gives the impression that holes are at unsymmetrical position. Apply  aligned convention
Example :  Align view of holes Apply  aligned convention
Example : Example :  Align view of ribs Apply  aligned convention
Example :  Align view of ribs & holes Apply  aligned convention
Example :  Align view of ribs & holes & keyway Make Orthographic Projection Apply Convention
Example :  Align view
ENLARGED VIEW
DEFINITION Conventional  practice Enlarged view  is a view  partly selected  from full view and is  drawn with a larger scale . At full view, the selected portion is framed by continuous thin line and having a name. For an enlarged view, it must be specified both name and scale used.
Example :  Enlarged view Full view A A (3:1) Enlarged  view A (3:1) or Reference position Scale
NON-EXISTING  LINE  OF INTERSECTION
DEFINITION Conventional  practice Non-existing line of intersection  is the line of intersecting surfaces that are eliminated by fillets and rounds. When true projection  mislead  the representation of an object, it is necessary to show the additional lines that are projected from the actual intersection of the surfaces as if the fillets and rounds were not present.
Example :  Non-existing line of intersection Object does not has rounds and fillets Edges  of the surfaces are shown as  lines  in the top view.
Example :  Non-existing line of intersection The view looks like a plate with a hole !! Object has rounds and fillets No edge ! (No intersection between surfaces) Convention practice required ! Construct a non-existing line of intersection.
Example :  Non-existing line of intersection
INTERSECTION  BETWEEN FILLET  AND  ROUND Runout
INTERSECTION  BETWEEN FILLET  AND  ROUND
TO  DRAW  A  RUNOUT R  =  radius of fillet or round R Tangent point about 1/8 of circle R R/3
INTERSECTION  BETWEEN ROUND  PLANE  SURFACE
INTERSECTION
HOLE  IN  CYLINDER Large hole  :  True projection
HOLE  IN  CYLINDER Large hole  :  True projection Small hole  :  Convention

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Engineering Drawing: Chapter 08 orthographic convention

  • 1. Chapter 8 Convention Practice in Orthographic Writing
  • 2.
  • 3. DEFINITION Projection’ s rules Convention practices Convention is a commonly accepted practices which disregard some strict rules of orthographic projection. Object More readable multiview representation Multiview representation Disregard some rules
  • 4. Using a dash line for representing the hidden edge. EXAMPLE : Already met convention practice Front view CONVENTION PRACTICE
  • 5. PURPOSES To improve the clarity of a drawing. To reduce the drafting effort. To save or efficiently use a drawing space. To facilitate the dimensioning.
  • 6. 1. Alternate position of side view 2. Incompleted view TYPES OF CONVENTION PRACTICE 2.1 Incompleted side view 2.4 Local view 2.3 Half view 2.2 Partial view
  • 7. 3. Aligned view 4. Enlarged view 6. Intersection : Hole on a cylinder 5. Non-existing intersection line TYPES OF CONVENTION PRACTICE
  • 8. ALTERNATE POSITION OF SIDE VIEW
  • 9. Whenever the height of an object is small and the depth is relatively large , places the side view beside the top view. Purposes Conventional practice ALTERNATE POSITION OF SIDE VIEW To save drawing space. To improve the clarity of a drawing.
  • 11. Example New orientation of views still agree with 3 rd angle system. Slot becomes more readable. Hole becomes more readable.
  • 13. DEFINITION Incompleted side views are side views that are eliminated a feature that can not clearly seen from a selected viewing direction.
  • 14. Principal view Difficult to read and to dimension. Left-side view Right-side view Details are interfered by those on the opposite view. Example : Strictly orthographic projection.
  • 15. Example : Incompleted side views Incompleted left-side view Incompleted right-side view Principal view Better describe an object and facilitate dimensioning.
  • 16. Principal view Example : Incompleted side views representation
  • 17. PARTIAL VIEW HALF VIEW LOCAL VIEW
  • 18. DEFINITION Partial view is a view that represents portions of the part that have a features need to clarify . Half view is a partial view that is illustrated only half of the part. Local view is a view that shows only features need to clarify.
  • 19. Clearly seen a shape. Example : Partial views
  • 20. Symmetry symbol Left half Right half Thin line (4H) Center line acts as a line of symmetry. No continuous line ! Example : Half view
  • 21. No symmetry symbol. It is allow for writing a break line. In this course, we omit the break line. Example : Half view : alternative representation Thin line (4H) Half view can be made by drawing the views slightly beyond the line of symmetry.
  • 22. Example : Half view : two symmetry axes
  • 23. Example : Local view Shape of the slot is completely shown. R6 7 Easy for dimensioning
  • 25. DEFINITION Align view is a view that is drawn by imaginarily rotating the object’s features , appeared in a principle view about symmetry axis .
  • 26. Example : Necessity of align view Waste of time Confuse Clear Strictly Projection Apply convention
  • 27. CONVENTION PRACTICE For an object that has symmetrical positioned features , it is advisable to show them on adjacent view in true size at true radial distance from the symmetry axis.
  • 28. Example : Align view of holes Gives the impression that there is a hole at the center of the plate. Given Apply aligned convention
  • 29. Example : Align view of holes Given Gives the impression that holes are at unsymmetrical position. Apply aligned convention
  • 30. Example : Align view of holes Apply aligned convention
  • 31. Example : Example : Align view of ribs Apply aligned convention
  • 32. Example : Align view of ribs & holes Apply aligned convention
  • 33. Example : Align view of ribs & holes & keyway Make Orthographic Projection Apply Convention
  • 34. Example : Align view
  • 36. DEFINITION Conventional practice Enlarged view is a view partly selected from full view and is drawn with a larger scale . At full view, the selected portion is framed by continuous thin line and having a name. For an enlarged view, it must be specified both name and scale used.
  • 37. Example : Enlarged view Full view A A (3:1) Enlarged view A (3:1) or Reference position Scale
  • 38. NON-EXISTING LINE OF INTERSECTION
  • 39. DEFINITION Conventional practice Non-existing line of intersection is the line of intersecting surfaces that are eliminated by fillets and rounds. When true projection mislead the representation of an object, it is necessary to show the additional lines that are projected from the actual intersection of the surfaces as if the fillets and rounds were not present.
  • 40. Example : Non-existing line of intersection Object does not has rounds and fillets Edges of the surfaces are shown as lines in the top view.
  • 41. Example : Non-existing line of intersection The view looks like a plate with a hole !! Object has rounds and fillets No edge ! (No intersection between surfaces) Convention practice required ! Construct a non-existing line of intersection.
  • 42. Example : Non-existing line of intersection
  • 43. INTERSECTION BETWEEN FILLET AND ROUND Runout
  • 44. INTERSECTION BETWEEN FILLET AND ROUND
  • 45. TO DRAW A RUNOUT R = radius of fillet or round R Tangent point about 1/8 of circle R R/3
  • 46. INTERSECTION BETWEEN ROUND PLANE SURFACE
  • 48. HOLE IN CYLINDER Large hole : True projection
  • 49. HOLE IN CYLINDER Large hole : True projection Small hole : Convention