maintain body fluids

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PRESENTATIONON:
Homeostasis
Presented by: Mohammad Muztaba
Asst. Professor(Jr.)
Department of Pharmacology Bhavdiya institute sibar sohawal Ayodhya

2. Homeostasis
• Homeostasis was defined by Claude Bernard and
later by Walter Bradford Cannon in 1926,1929 and
1932.
• Homeostasis is a key concept in understanding
how our body works. 'homeo,' meaning 'similar,'
and 'stasis,' meaning 'stable.
• Homeostasis is the maintenance of a constant
internal environment [body fluids (tissue fluid &
blood)
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3. • It is the cycle of events in which the status of the body
condition is monitored, evaluated, changed, remonitored
and re-evaluated.
• Each monitored variable, such as blood pressure, blood
temperature and blood glucose, is called controlled
condition.
• Anydisruptions that changethe controlled condition is
called stimulus.
FEEDBACKSYSTEMS
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4. COMPONENTSOFFEEDBACK SYSTEMS
It consists of threecomponents:
• Receptor
• Controlcentre
• Effector
Receptor:
• It is the body structure that monitors the controlled
condition and sent input tothe control centre.
• Theinput is in the form of nerve impulses and
chemical signals.1/30/2019 4Muztaba khan

5. Controlcentre:
• It sets the range of values within which a controlled condition should
be maintained, evaluates the input it receives from the receptors, and
sent output when everneeded.
• Output isin the form of nerve impulses, hormones, etc.
Effector:
• It is a body structure which receives the output from the control
centre and produceseffect that changesthe controlled condition.
• Nearly every organor tissuein the body canactaseffectors.
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6. Chapter 12 Homeostasis
Homeostasis (Concept Map)
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7. HOMEOSTASIS
The maintenance of a constant internal environment
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8. Principles of Homeostasis
HOMEOSTASIS
The maintenance of a constant internal environment
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9. Principles of Homeostasis
Stimulus
Change in
internal
environment
HOMEOSTASIS
The maintenance of a constant internal environment
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10. Principles of Homeostasis
Stimulus
Change in
internal
environment
HOMEOSTASIS
The maintenance of a constant internal environment
Receptors
Detect the
change
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11. Principles of Homeostasis
Stimulus
Change in
internal
environment
HOMEOSTASIS
The maintenance of a constant internal environment
Receptors
Detect the
change
Self-corrective Mechanism
To rectify the
change
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12. Principles of Homeostasis
Stimulus
Change in
internal
environment
HOMEOSTASIS
The maintenance of a constant internal environment
Receptors
Detect the
change
Self-corrective Mechanism
To rectify the
change
Examples
Regulation of
blood glucose
concentration
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13. Principles of Homeostasis
Stimulus
Change in
internal
environment
HOMEOSTASIS
The maintenance of a constant internal environment
Receptors
Detect the
change
Self-corrective Mechanism
To rectify the
change
Examples
Regulation of
blood glucose
concentration
Regulation of
blood water
potential
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14. Principles of Homeostasis
Stimulus
Change in
internal
environment
HOMEOSTASIS
The maintenance of a constant internal environment
Receptors
Detect the
change
Self-corrective Mechanism
To rectify the
change
Examples
Regulation of
blood glucose
concentration
Regulation of
blood water
potential
Regulation of
body temperature
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15. Principles of Homeostasis
Stimulus Receptors Self-corrective Mechanism Negative Feedback
Change in
internal
environment
Detect the
change
Regulation of
blood glucose
concentration
Examples
To rectify the
change
Regulation of
blood water
potential
Regulation of
body temperature
The reverse
effect of the
change
HOMEOSTASIS
The maintenance of a constant internal environment
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16. TYPESOFFEEDBACKSYSTEMS
POSITIVEFEEDBACK
• It reverses achangein controlledcondition.
Eg. What Happens When Glucose Concentration Falls?
NEGATIVEFEEDBACK
• It strengthens or reinforces theinput.
Eg. Regulating Body Temperature - on a Hot Day
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17. Stimulus
Blood glucose
concentration falls
below normal levels
What Happens When Glucose Concentration Falls?
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18. Stimulus
Blood glucose
concentration falls
below normal levels
Receptor
Islets of Langerhans
in pancreas stimulated
pancreas
What Happens When Glucose Concentration Falls?
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19. pancreas
liver
Corrective Mechanism
Islets of Langerhans secretes
more glucagon, which is
transported by blood to liver
and muscles
Stimulus
Blood glucose
concentration falls
below normal levels
Receptor
Islets of Langerhans
in pancreas stimulated
What Happens When Glucose Concentration Falls?
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20. Stimulus
Blood glucose
concentration falls
below normal levels
liver
glycogen  glucose
Receptor
Islets of Langerhans
in pancreas stimulated
What Happens When Glucose Concentration Falls?
Corrective Mechanism
Islets of Langerhans secretes
more glucagon, which is
transported by blood to liver
and muscles
Glucagon converts
stored glycogen
back to glucose.
From liver, glucose
enters bloodstreampancreas
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21. Stimulus
Blood glucose
concentration falls
below normal levels
liver
glycogen  glucose
Receptor
Islets of Langerhans
in pancreas stimulated
Blood glucose
concentration rises
and glucagon
production decreases
What Happens When Glucose Concentration Falls?
Corrective Mechanism
Islets of Langerhans secretes
more glucagon, which is
transported by blood to liver
and muscles
Glucagon converts
stored glycogen
back to glucose.
From liver, glucose
enters bloodstreampancreas
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22. Stimulus
Blood glucose
concentration falls
below normal levels
liver
glycogen  glucose
Receptor
Islets of Langerhans
in pancreas stimulated
Blood glucose
concentration rises
and glucagon
production decreases
Blood glucose
concentration
returns to normal
What Happens When Glucose Concentration Falls?
Corrective Mechanism
Islets of Langerhans secretes
more glucagon, which is
transported by blood to liver
and muscles
Glucagon converts
stored glycogen
back to glucose.
From liver, glucose
enters bloodstreampancreas
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23. liver
Receptor
Islets of Langerhans
in pancreas stimulated
Positive feedback
Stimulus
Blood glucose
concentration falls
below normal levels
Blood glucose
concentration
returns to normal
What Happens When Glucose Concentration Falls?
Blood glucose
concentration rises
and glucagon
production decreases
glycogen  glucose
Corrective Mechanism
Islets of Langerhans secretes
more glucagon, which is
transported by blood to liver
and muscles
Glucagon converts
stored glycogen
back to glucose.
From liver, glucose
enters bloodstreampancreas
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24. Chapter 1 Homeostasis
Regulating Body Temperature - on a Hot Day
Positive feed back
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25. Stimulus
Blood and skin
temperatures rise
Regulating Body Temperature - on a Hot Day
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26. Stimulus
Blood and skin
temperatures rise
Receptor
Temperature receptors
detect changes and send
nerve impulses to the brain
Regulating Body Temperature - on a Hot Day
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27. Stimulus
Blood and skin
temperatures rise
hair follicle
hair
arteriole
blood capillaries
erector muscle
Receptor
Temperature receptors
detect changes and send
nerve impulses to the brain
Hypothalamus of brain
is stimulated and sends
nerve impulses to
relevant body parts
Regulating Body Temperature - on a Hot Day
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28. Stimulus
Blood and skin
temperatures rise
Receptor
Temperature receptors
detect changes and send
nerve impulses to the brain
Hypothalamus of brain
is stimulated and sends
nerve impulses to
relevant body parts
capillariesskin surface
Arterioles in
skin dilate
1
More blood flows to
capillaries in skin
arteriole
2
3
4
Greater heat loss
Shunt vessels constrict
Regulating Body Temperature - on a Hot Day
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29. Stimulus
Blood and skin
temperatures rise
Hypothalamus of brain
is stimulated and sends
nerve impulses to
relevant body parts
sweat duct
sweat pore
sweat gland
Sweat glands
more active
Sweat
production
increases
More latent heat lost as sweat evaporates
6
7
5
Regulating Body Temperature - on a Hot Day
Receptor
Temperature receptors
detect changes and send
nerve impulses to the brain
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30. Stimulus
Blood and skin
temperatures rise
Hair erector
muscles in
skin relax
erector muscle
hair follicle
hair
arteriole
blood capillaries
8
Receptor
Temperature receptors
detect changes and send
nerve impulses to the brain
Hypothalamus of brain
is stimulated and sends
nerve impulses to
relevant body parts
Regulating Body Temperature - on a Hot Day
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31. Stimulus
Blood and skin
temperatures rise
Receptor
Temperature receptors
detect changes and send
nerve impulses to the brain
Hypothalamus of brain
is stimulated and sends
nerve impulses to
relevant body parts
Corrective Mechanism
Increase in heat loss and
decrease in heat
production
Regulating Body Temperature - on a Hot Day
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32. Stimulus
Blood and skin
temperatures rise
Receptor
Temperature receptors
detect changes and send
nerve impulses to the brain
Hypothalamus of brain
is stimulated and sends
nerve impulses to
relevant body parts
Corrective Mechanism
Increase in heat loss and
decrease in heat
production
Decreased
metabolic rate
reduces heat
production
Regulating Body Temperature - on a Hot Day
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33. Stimulus
Blood and skin
temperatures rise
Receptor
Temperature receptors
detect changes and send
nerve impulses to the brain
Hypothalamus of brain
is stimulated and sends
nerve impulses to
relevant body parts
Corrective Mechanism
Increase in heat loss and
decrease in heat
production
Blood temperature
returns to normal levels
Decreased
metabolic rate
reduces heat
production
Regulating Body Temperature - on a Hot Day
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34. Stimulus
Blood and skin
temperatures rise
Receptor
Temperature receptors
detect changes and send
nerve impulses to the brain
Hypothalamus of brain
is stimulated and sends
nerve impulses to
relevant body parts
Corrective Mechanism
Increase in heat loss and
decrease in heat
production
Blood temperature
returns to normal levels
Negative
feedback
Decreased
metabolic rate
reduces heat
production
Regulating Body Temperature - on a Hot Day
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35. Any question….?
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