Norman suggests that when using a product, our emotional state affects the utility we derive and our experience. People in positive emotional states are prone to be more creative since their thinking is more expansive and helps them in finding alternatives to the problem at hand. A negative or stressful emotional state constricts perception and narrows down our focus to quickly find a resolution–that’s how nature has programmed us to deal with threats. Here is a breakdown of the three levels of design and how they translate to good design: