Overview of corona virus,types, outbreak,mechanism,causes, diagnosis,prevention,treatment. Reference : 1)https://www.who.int/emergencies/disea... 2)nucleus medical media 3)https://www.alilamedicalmedia.com/m/-.

1. COVID 19
A PANDEMIC DISEASE

2. ❑ INTRODUCTION
❑ TYPES
❑ OUTBREAK
❑ STRUCTURE
❑ CAUSES
❑ MECHANISM
❑ SYMPTOMS
❑ DIAGNOSIS
❑ PREVENTION
❑ TREATMENT

3. INTRODUCTION :
⮚ A CORONAVIRUS IS INFECTIOUS DISEASE CAUSED BY NEW VIRUS WHICH IS INTRODUCES TO
HUMAN FIRST TIME.
⮚ MOST CORONAVIRUSES AREN’T DANGEROUS BUT IN EARLY 2020 ,AFTER DEC 2019
OUTBREAK IN CHINA ,THE WHO IDENTIFIED A NEW TYPE OF CORONAVIRUS.
⮚ OFFICIALS NAMED THIS NEW VIRUS SEVERE ACUTE RESPIRATORY SYNDROME
CORONAVIRUS 2 (SARS-COV-2).THIS IS THE VIRUS THAT CAUSES COVID 19.
CORONA VIRUS DISEASE 2019
CO VI D 19

4. TYPES OF CORONA VIRUS INFECTION :
⮚ ALPHA CO-VS
⮚ BETA-CO-VS BATS AND RODENTS
⮚ GAMMA-CO-VS
⮚ DELTA-CO-VS AVIAN SPECIES

5. ALL BETA CELLS :
⮚ SARS-COV : SEVERE ACUTE RESPIRATORY SYNDROME
: CHINA IN 2003
BAT CIVET HUMANS
⮚ MERS-COV : MIDDLE EAST RESPIRATORY SYNDROME
: SAUDI ARABIA IN 2012
BAT CAMEL HUMANS
COVID 2019: NOW NAMED SARS-COV- 2 (WUHAN,CHINA)
BATS ????? HUMANS

6. ⮚ COVID 19 VIRUS IS MORE CONTAGIOUS THAN THE SARS
AND MERS VIRUS.

7. OUTBREAK
WUHAN,CHINA
CHINA
S SAUDI ARABIA

8. ▪ STRUCTURE :
*GENOME,LARGE 30KB POSITIVE SS RNA
*NUCLEOCAPSID = RNA + PROTEINS
*NUCLEPCAPSID CLOSED IN
ENVELOP WHICH IS LIPID
MEMBRANE EMBEDDED
PROTEIN RROM ENVELOP
COMPLEX.
*SPIKE GLYCOPROTEINS
GIVING APPEARANCE OF CROWN
CORONA
(LATIN) = CROWN

9. CAUSES:
⮚ Infection with the new coronavirus (severe acute respiratory syndrome
coronavirus 2, or SARS-CoV-2) causes coronavirus disease 2019 COVID-
19).
⮚ Humans first get a coronavirus from contact with animals. Then, it can
spread from human to human.
⮚ The virus spreads by respiratory droplets released when someone
with the virus coughs, sneezes or talks.
⮚ that it spreads from person to person among those in close contact.
⮚ It can also spread if a person touches a surface with the virus on it and
then touches his or her mouth, nose or eyes.

10. MECHANISM
⮚ THROUGH THE DROPLET CARRYING VIRUS EAILY ENTER THROUGH LUNGS
⮚ Once inside your body,it comes in contact with cells of nose,throat,lungs

11. ⮚ Spikes of the virus insert into the receptor molecule on
healty cells membrane

12. ⮚ After receptor mediated endocytosis, this virus infect
trachea,bronchi,bronchioles cells of the lungs
Bronchi
Bronchioles

13. ▪ This viral particle travel inside the sac and use host cell machinery to
make RNA and produce protein such as spikes on the virus
surface,packaging structure in the virus,then merge into the host cell
and able to create no. of viral particles which gather underneath of
your host cell membrane the get bud off to infect another healthy
cells.

14. How body develops pneumonia ???
⮚ As you breath in, the air contains germs along with the viral particles get
inside your body, a fine network is present inside the lungs called alveoli
cells which trapped the particles. Moreover, mucus or cilia unable to
trapped them, and alveoli become inflammed which causes Lober
Pneumonia result in shortness of breathing,chest
pain,coughing,fever,chills,confusion, headache,muscles pain ,fatigue .

15. Diagnosis :
⮚ Swab Test – In this case, a special swab is used to take a sample from your nose
or throat
⮚ Nasal aspirate – In this case, a saline solution will be injected into your nose and,
then a sample is taken with a light suction
⮚ Tracheal aspirate – In this case, a thin tube with a torch, also known as a
bronchoscope, is put into your mouth to reach your lungs from where a sample is
collected.
⮚ Sputum Test – Sputum is thick mucus that gets accumulated in the lungs and
comes out with a cough. During this test, you’re required to cough up sputum in a
special cup or a swab is used to take a sample from your nose.
⮚ Blood test – In this case, a blood sample is taken from a vein in the arm.

16. Diagnosis :
1)RT-PCR:
Requirement:
*collection of sample
*Already there is specific polysequence RNA in diagnostic kit.
*one enzyme called reverse transcriptasewhich makde cDNA.
*Attached fluroscent dye with DNA.
Interpretation:
*If the test is positive,then RNA region binds with cDNA by reverse transcriptase,if its bind
that means there is specificity in between RNA-DNA,make more copies od DNA by
emitting fluroscence which indicates that the patient show may be positive test and vice
versa.

17. RESULTS :
FLUROSCENCE FLUROSCENCE
TIME TIME

18. 2)Rapid blood test : Control
Requirement : IgG
● Blood sample
● Buffer IgM
● Ig G and IgM Antibody
SAMPLE
BUFFER

19. • Symptoms
Signs and symptoms of COVID-19 may appear two to 14 days after
exposure and can include:
1)Fever
2)Cough
3)Shortness of breath or difficulty breathing
4)Sore throat
Other symptoms can include:
1)Tiredness
2)Aches
3)Runny nose
symptoms can range from very mild to severe.
Some people may have no symptoms at all. People who are older or who
have existing chronic medical conditions, such as heart disease, lung
disease or diabetes, or who have compromised immune systems may be
at higher risk of serious illness.

20. Complications :
Complications can include:
⮚ Pneumonia in both lungs
⮚ Organ failure in several organs

21. Prevention :
Although there is no vaccine available to prevent infection with the new coronavirus, you can take steps to reduce
your risk of infection. WHO and CDC recommend following these precautions for avoiding COVID-19:
⮚ Avoid large events and mass gatherings.
⮚ Avoid close contact (within about 6 feet, or 2 meters) with anyone who is sick or has symptoms.
⮚ Keep distance between yourself and others if COVID-19 is spreading in your community, especially if you have
a higher risk of serious illness.
⮚ Wash your hands often with soap and water for at least 20 seconds, or use an alcohol-based hand sanitizer that
contains at least 60% alcohol.
⮚ Cover your mouth and nose with your elbow or a tissue when you cough or sneeze. Throw away the used
tissue.
⮚ Avoid touching your eyes, nose and mouth.
⮚ Avoid sharing dishes, glasses, bedding and other household items if you're sick.
⮚ Clean and disinfect high-touch surfaces daily.
⮚ Stay home from work, school and public areas if you're sick, unless you're going to get medical care. Avoid
taking public transportation if you're sick.

22. Treatment :
⮚ There is no specific medicine to prevent or treat coronavirus disease
(COVID-19). People may need supportive care to help them breathe.
Self-care :
⮚ If you have mild symptoms, stay at home until you’ve recovered. You can
relieve your symptoms if you:
⮚ rest and sleep
⮚ keep warm
⮚ drink plenty of liquids
⮚ use a room humidifier or take a hot shower to help ease a sore throat and
cough.

23. Thank you