Malaria is caused by Plasmodium parasites transmitted through the bites of infected Anopheles mosquitoes. It affects tropical and subtropical regions below 1500 meters in altitude. The life cycle involves the parasite replicating in both the human and mosquito hosts. In humans, the parasites multiply in the liver and blood, causing symptoms like fever, chills and anemia. Untreated P. falciparum malaria can progress to severe complications involving multiple organ systems. Diagnosis involves blood smear microscopy and treatment depends on the Plasmodium species and severity of infection. Prevention involves antimalarial drugs, insect repellents and mosquito nets.