1. INTRODUCTION TO
RESEARCH

2. UNDERSTANDING RESEARCH
AND ITS IMPORTANCE

3. •WHAT IS RESEARCH
FOR YOU???

4. What is research???
• Process of collecting/gathering data and
information by a scientific or logical
procedure that aims to solve a
particular scientific problem.

5. What is research???
• From a French word”CERCHIER”
meaning “to seek or to search.”
• An attempt to solve or gain a solution
to a problem.

6. What is research???
• A systematic, controlled, empirical and
critical investigation of hypothetical
propositions about the presumed
relations among natural phenomenon.
(Kerlinger, 1976)

7. What is research???
• Is an honest, scientific investigation
undertaken for the purpose of
discovering new facts or establishing
new relationships among facts already
known which will contribute to the
present body of knowledge and can
lead to an effective solution of existing
problems.

8. WHAT ABOUT NURSING
RESEARCH???

9. What is Nursing Research???
• Systematic study and assessment of
• nursing problems or phenomenon;
• finding ways to improve nursing practice and
patient care through creative studies;
• initiating and evaluating change; and
• taking action to make new knowledge useful in
nursing.

10. What is Nursing Research???
• Nursing Research includes
• the breadth and depth of the discipline of
nursing and the rehabilitative, therapeutic
and preventive aspects of nursing as well
as the preparation of practitioners and
personnel involved in the total nursing
sphere.

11. WHO NEEDS RESEARCH???

12. Who needs research???
• Research is for the:
• Undergraduate students doing term papers.
• Graduate students defending masteral
thesis/doctoral dissertation
• Doctors/nurses
• Legislators needing information to formulate the
right kinds of laws.

13. Who needs research???
• Technical staff of government officials providing
the baseline reports.
• Supervisors, managers, top executives in both
public and private sectors engaged in planning,
decision-making evaluation and even in dealing
with human behaviors.
• Consultants
• NGOs

14. WHAT IS THE PURPOSE OF
RESEARCH THEN???

15. What is the purpose of
research???
• Corrects perceptions
• Develops and evaluates concepts, practices and
theories
• Gathers information on a certain phenomenon that
are lacking in knowledge
• Obtains knowledge for practical purposes.
• Provides hard facts that serves as a basis for
planning, decision-making, project implementation,
monitoring and evalution.

16. What is the purpose of
research???
• Finding answers to questions or solutions to
problems.
• Discovering and interpreting new facts.
• Testing theories to revise accepted theories
or laws in the light of new facts.
• Formulating new theories.

17. WHAT IS THE PURPOSE OF
NURSING RESEARCH???

18. What is the purpose of nursing
research???
• Develop and evaluate new techniques for delivering
care that is attuned to the health needs of our
people.
• Develop tools for assessing the effectiveness of
health services.
• Provide answers to problems concerning health.
• Prepare themselves not only as intelligent consumers
of research but also as able initiators, participants or
conductors of simple and objective researches
themselves.

19. CHARACTERISTICS OF
RESEARCH

20. Characteristics of Research
• Involves the gathering of new data from new sources
or 1st hand information.
• Directed towards the solution of a problem.
• Characterized by carefully designed procedures
applying rigorous analysis.
• Emphasizes the development of generalizations,
principles, hypothesis and theories that may be
helpful in predicting future occurences.
• Requires expertise

21. Characteristics of Research
• Demands accurate observation and description of
what is being studied.
• Strives to be logical, applying every possible test to
validate the procedures being employed.
• Characterized by patient and unhurried activities.
• Requires innovative approaches and determination to
succeed.
• Carefully and accurately recorded and reported.

22. LIMITATIONS OF RESEARCH

23. Limitations of Research
• Result of faulty planning and implementation
of the project
• The individual researcher
• The scope of knowledge or information
available about the topic and the problem
under study also must be considered.
• The tools of measurement may be inadequate
or entirely lacking

24. TYPES OF RESEARCH

25. Types of Research
• BASIC RESEARCH / PURE RESEARCH
- a scientific investigation that involves the
pursuit of “Knwledge for knowledge’s
sake.”
- PURPOSE: to generate and refine theory
and build constructs thus, the findings may
not be directly useful in practice.

26. Types of Research
II. APPLIED RESEARCH / PRACTICAL
RESEARCH
- knowledge is not the sake but seeking
new applications of scientific knowledge
to the situation of a problem.

27. Types of Research
II. APPLIED RESEARCH / PRACTICAL
RESEARCH
PURPOSE:
- to solve a problem
- to make a decision
- to develop a new program, product, method or
procedure
- to evaluate a program,product or procedure.

28. Types of Research
III. OPERATIONAL RESEARCH
- aims to discuss and study a
recurring problem in an organization
which may involve a study of
concretization of the organization’s
mission, vision, philosophy and goals.

29. Types of Research
IV. ACTION RESEARCH
- undertaken to address a recurring
problem in an organization
immediately, usually a part of a major
problem is addressed in this type of
research.

30. Types of Research
V. TYPES OF RESEARCH ACCORDING
TO TIME ELEMENT:
• HISTORICAL research means “what was”
• DESCRIPTIVE research refers to “what is”
• EXPERIMENTAL research describes as
“what will” when certain variables are
carefully controlled and manipulated.

31. WHAT IS THE
CHARACTERISTICS OF A
GOOD RESEARCHER???

32. Characteristics of a GOOD
RESEARCHER
• INTELLECTUAL
• PRUDENCE
• HEALTHY CRITICISM
• INTELLECTUAL HONESTY

33. WHAT DO YOU THINK ARE THE
QUALITIES OF A GOOD
RESEARCHER???

34. Qualities of a
GOOD RESEARCHER ARE:
R - Research oriented
E - Efficient
S - Scientific
E - Effective
A - Active
R - Resourceful
C - Creative
H - Honest
E - Economical
R - Religious

35. ETHICS IN RESEARCH

36. Ethics in Research
1. A permit to conduct the study must be properly
sought from authority. Willingness of the
prospective respondents must also be considered.
3. The researcher must assure the respondents of
confidentiality of the data that will be gathered and
used in the study.
5. The researcher must be willing to share the
findings of the study with the institution where the
respondents belong.

37. Ethics in Research
4. The researcher must maintain integrity in the
publication of the findings and results of the study.
5. The researcher must not inflict harm to the
respondents especially during an experimental
research.
6. The researcher must consider the potential benefits
that the respondents may get from the study.
7. The researcher must observe intellectual honesty in
undertaking such research.