10. 眼科コンサルトは早急に
• 視覚症状は 20% の患者に出現
意識障害があるとわからない
• 黄斑病変がない と視覚症状は ほぼない
黄斑病変を伴っても 半数の患者 で症状なし
• 陽性血培採取から 5-12日 で病変が出現
カンジダ眼内炎の 早期発見 に務める!
Son HJ et al., PLoS One. 2019; 14: e0222356
Ueda T et al., PLoS One. 2019; 14: e0216956
11. 眼底検査のタイミング
視覚症状がなくても 眼底検査の依頼を!
血培
陽性
*非好中球減少患者
Clinical Practice Guideline for the Management of Candidiasis 2016 IDSA
Pappas PG et al., Clin Infect Dis. 2016; 62: e1–e50
侵襲性カンジダ症として治療開始
① ② ③
1週間 1週間
カンジダ眼内炎では
治療期間を通じて1週に1回検査
④
退院時
*少なくとも3回
患者状態に応じて眼底検査を継続
14. カンジダ眼内炎の治療
(F-)FLCZ or VRCZ 注
アゾール系の感受性
(F-)FLCZ or VRCZ
FLCZ or VRCZ内服への変更可**
L-AMB ± 5FC
*硝子体内浸潤/黄斑病変ない場合 MCFGでも可
難治例では硝子体切除術
抗真菌薬の硝子体内注(適応外)を考慮
抗真菌薬の全身投与は継続
OK NG
*Mochizuki K et al., Antimicrob Agents Chemother. 2013; 57: 4027-30
Clinical Practice Guideline for the Management of Candidiasis 2016 IDSA
Pappas PG et al., Clin Infect Dis. 2016; 62: e1–e50
投与期間
4-6週以上
**過少投与にならないように注意
29. sion volume less than 1500 mL/day (HR, 0.5112
0.2959–0.8833; P = 0.016) were considered for the final
Fine and Gray competing risk regression model (Table 4).
3.3.2. Hypokalemia
In the univariate analysis, there were no significant dif
garding age (P = 0.495), pre-existing renal dysfunction (
pre-existing hypokalemia (P = 0.43), concomitant antifun
(P = 0.425), or urine volume (P = .728), whereas no c
nephrotoxic drug use (P = 0.0321) (Fig. 2(f)) was a signific
tor for hypokalemia after L-AMB administration. Female g
0.206) (Fig. 2(g)), higher weight-normalized dose (P
(Fig. 2(h)), no allo-HSCT (P = .168) (Fig. 2(i)), and higher
ume (P = 0.242) tended towards more hypokalemia or f
rence. In the multivariate analysis, male gender (HR, 0.6
0.4386–0.9552; P = 0.028) and concomitant nephrotoxic
(HR, 0.5547; 95% CI, 0.3477–0.8850; P = 0.013) were consi
icantly low risk factors for hypokalemia in the final multi
and Gray competing risk regression model (Table 4).
3.3.3. Hyperkalemia
We also examined risk factors for hyperkalaemia afte
ministration. As a matter of course, hyperkalemia was stron
ed with renal dysfunction after L-AMB administration (odd
13.6; 95% CI, 3.010–61.2; P b 0.001). Among baseline clinic
istics, older age (P = 0.0363), allo-HSCT (P b 0.001), concom
rotoxic drug use (P b 0.001), and high infusion volume (P =
significant risk factors. Allo-HSCT (P b 0.001) and concomit
toxic drug use (P b 0.001) remained significant risk factor
multivariate logistic regression model (Table 4).Fig. 1. Cumulative incidence curves for adverse events.
Please cite this article as: Yamazaki H, et al, Occurrence and improvement of renal dysfunction and serum potassium abnormality duri
L-AMBによる低K血症
• 発生率*
K<3.5 76.6%
K<3.0 47.2%
• 2日以内のカリウム補充
開始は低Kを防ぐ
明らかなリスク因子が不明
Median : Day4
Yamazaki H et al., Diagn Microbiol Infect Dis. 2018; 90: 123-131
Okada N et al., Clin Ther. 2018; 40: 252-260
OR 0.094
(95%CI 0.019-0.47)
*特定使用成績調査では 35.6%
低Mgにも注意
30. occurrence was 4 days (range, 1–47 days). The cumulative incidence
curve of hypokalemia clearly showed a rapid and predominant adverse
effect (Fig. 1(b)). The cumulative incidence of hypokalemia at 40 days
was 74.7% (95% CI, 66.1–81.5%).
Of note, hyperkalemia was also observed in 29 patients (24.0%; 95%
CI, 16.7–32.6%) (Table 3). Some patients had hypokalemia first, and
(P = 0.0499) (Fig. 2(d)) were significant risk factors for re
tion. Since all patients who underwent allo-HSCT received
inhibitor along with L-AMB, we examined concomitant
drug use among patients who did not receive allo-HSCT an
retained significant risk (P = 0.00133) (Supplementar
Advanced age (P = 0.167) (Supplementary Fig. 1(b)) tende
renal dysfunction risk, despite its non-significance. Curiou
infusion volume did not decrease the risk, but rather
(P = 0.00239) (Fig. 2(e)). To examine major biases betw
infusion volume groups, we analyzed patient distribution re
derlying characteristics. The high-infusion group included
more patients who underwent allo-HSCT (P = .00594) or u
itant nephrotoxic drugs (P = 0.00683) (Supplementary Tab
fore, we performed a stratified analysis for each infusion vo
in patients with or without concomitant nephrotoxic d
found that a high infusion volume did not mitigate renal
risk in either group (Supplementary Fig. 1(c, d)). In the
analysis, pre-existing renal dysfunction (HR, 2.33
1.1610–4.6790; P = 0.017), concomitant nephrotoxic med
2.8980; 95% CI, 1.7160–4.8940; P = 0.000069), concomitan
medication (HR, 1.8990; 95% CI, 1.1530–3.1270; P = 0.01
sion volume less than 1500 mL/day (HR, 0.511
0.2959–0.8833; P = 0.016) were considered for the final
Fine and Gray competing risk regression model (Table 4).
3.3.2. Hypokalemia
In the univariate analysis, there were no significant dif
garding age (P = 0.495), pre-existing renal dysfunction (
pre-existing hypokalemia (P = 0.43), concomitant antifun
(P = 0.425), or urine volume (P = .728), whereas no c
nephrotoxic drug use (P = 0.0321) (Fig. 2(f)) was a signific
tor for hypokalemia after L-AMB administration. Female g
0.206) (Fig. 2(g)), higher weight-normalized dose (P
(Fig. 2(h)), no allo-HSCT (P = .168) (Fig. 2(i)), and higher
Median (range) 4 (1–47)
⁎ Thirteen patients were excluded. Abbreviations: CI, confidence interval; SD, standard
deviation.
L-AMBによる腎機能障害
• VCM, アミノグリコシド系等の
腎障害リスクある薬剤の併用
• L-AMB 投与前の腎障害
• 輸液増量による腎障害軽減は
認められず
投与中止により 半数の患者 で改善
Median : Day9
HR 2.90
HR 2.33
(95%CI 1.72-4.94)
(95%CI 1.16-4.68)
Yamazaki H et al., Diagn Microbiol Infect Dis. 2018; 90: 123-131