SlideShare una empresa de Scribd logo
1 de 7
‫الفصل‬07:‫التسعير‬
‫ية‬‫ر‬‫واإلدا‬‫املالية‬‫العلوم‬‫كلية‬
‫قسم‬‫ة‬‫ر‬‫اإلدا‬
‫د‬.‫ي‬‫املصر‬ ‫محمد‬ ‫كمال‬
‫التسويق‬ ‫ة‬‫ر‬‫إدا‬ ‫مبادئ‬‫د‬.‫ي‬‫املصر‬‫محمد‬‫كمال‬ 2
()‫الخبراء‬‫بعض‬‫ى‬‫ير‬‫عملية‬‫أن‬‫عرية‬ ّ‫الس‬‫واملنافسة‬‫التسعير‬‫املشكلة‬ ‫هي‬‫و‬‫قم‬‫ر‬‫التي‬ ‫احد‬
‫التسويقيين‬‫املنفذين‬ ‫تواجه‬.
()‫جمي‬‫أخذت‬‫ولو‬ ‫حتى‬‫املنظمة‬‫فشل‬ ‫إلى‬ ‫يقود‬ ‫أن‬ ‫يمكن‬‫التسعير‬‫عملية‬‫في‬‫خطأ‬ ‫أي‬‫عناصر‬ ‫ع‬
‫ى‬‫األخر‬‫التسويق‬‫بالحسبان‬.
()‫في‬‫ة‬‫ر‬‫اإلدا‬‫تحدد‬ ‫الصغيرة‬‫املنظمات‬
ً
‫عادة‬‫العليا‬‫التسو‬‫قسم‬ ‫من‬
ً
‫بدال‬‫األسعار‬‫يق‬‫واملبيعات‬.
()‫اإل‬‫خطوط‬‫اء‬‫ر‬‫مد‬‫لية‬‫و‬‫مسؤ‬ ‫ضمن‬ ‫ن‬‫تكو‬‫األسعار‬‫تحديد‬‫فإن‬ ‫الكبيرة‬‫املنظمات‬‫في‬‫تناا‬.
()‫املنظمات‬‫في‬‫فإن‬ ‫جدا‬ ‫الصغيرة‬‫األسعار‬‫تحديد‬‫ن‬‫يكو‬‫خطوط‬‫اء‬‫ر‬‫مد‬‫لية‬‫و‬‫مسؤ‬ ‫ضمن‬
‫تناا‬‫إل‬‫ا‬.
()‫يلعب‬‫ال‬‫األسواق‬‫في‬‫البيع‬‫مندوب‬‫في‬‫ر‬‫دو‬ َ‫أي‬‫الصناعية‬‫تحديد‬‫األسعار‬.
()‫خالل‬ ‫من‬‫األسعار‬‫تحديد‬ ‫في‬‫هاما‬ ً‫دوار‬‫الصناعية‬ ‫األسواق‬‫في‬‫البيع‬‫مندوب‬‫يلعب‬‫الافاوض‬
‫املسموح‬‫السعر‬ ‫من‬ ‫معين‬‫ى‬‫مساو‬‫لاحديد‬ ‫املستهلكين‬ ‫مع‬‫به‬.
()‫الاكاليف‬‫تعابر‬‫لألسعار‬‫األدنى‬‫الحد‬‫ق‬‫السو‬‫بينما‬‫األ‬‫الحد‬‫يشكالن‬‫والطلب‬‫عىى‬.
‫التسويق‬ ‫ة‬‫ر‬‫إدا‬ ‫مبادئ‬‫د‬.‫ي‬‫املصر‬‫محمد‬‫كمال‬ 3
()‫التسعير‬‫عابر‬ُ‫ي‬‫الاكلفة‬ ‫أساس‬ ‫عىى‬‫وأعقد‬ ‫أصعب‬ ‫من‬‫املضافة‬‫أساليب‬
‫التسعير‬.
()‫أسالي‬ ‫أسهل‬ ‫من‬‫عابر‬ُ‫ي‬ ‫املستهلك‬ ‫اكات‬‫ر‬‫إد‬ ‫أساس‬ ‫عىى‬‫التسعير‬‫التسعير‬ ‫ب‬
‫فعالة‬‫غير‬‫ولكنها‬.
()‫يعامد‬‫املضافة‬‫الاكلفة‬ ‫أساس‬ ‫عىى‬‫التسعير‬‫و‬ ‫ق‬‫السو‬‫حالة‬ ‫عىى‬‫اكات‬‫ر‬‫إد‬
‫املستهلكين‬.
()‫يعامد‬‫التسعير‬‫الاعادل‬ ‫تنقطة‬ ‫أساس‬ ‫عىى‬‫الاكاليف‬ ‫عىى‬.
()‫الاعادل‬ ‫تنقطة‬(Break Even Point: BEP)‫هي‬‫النقطة‬(‫أو‬ ‫تناا‬‫إل‬‫ا‬ ‫حجم‬
‫املبيعات‬)‫الكلية‬‫النفقات‬ ‫مع‬‫الكىي‬ ‫اد‬‫ر‬‫اإلي‬‫عندها‬ ‫ى‬‫يتساو‬ ‫التي‬.
()‫املضافة‬‫الاكلفة‬ ‫أساس‬ ‫عىى‬‫التسعير‬‫طرح‬‫إلى‬ ‫يؤدي‬‫ينس‬‫سعر‬‫مع‬ ‫جم‬
‫ي‬‫للمشتر‬ ‫املدركة‬‫القيمة‬.
‫التسويق‬ ‫ة‬‫ر‬‫إدا‬ ‫مبادئ‬‫د‬.‫ي‬‫املصر‬‫محمد‬‫كمال‬ 4
()‫تعامد‬‫استراتيجية‬‫ي‬ ‫النفس‬‫التسعير‬‫عىى‬‫االعاب‬‫ات‬‫ر‬‫ا‬
‫النفسية‬‫ات‬‫ر‬‫االعابا‬ ‫من‬‫أكثر‬ ‫أهمية‬ ‫تعطيها‬‫إذ‬‫االقاصا‬‫دية‬.
()‫اختراق‬ ‫استراتيجية‬‫ق‬‫السو‬(Market Penetration)‫تعني‬
‫ف‬ ‫عدة‬‫أو‬ ‫واسعة‬ ‫ق‬‫سو‬ ‫إلى‬ ‫ل‬‫للدخو‬‫منخفضة‬‫أسعار‬ ‫تطبيق‬‫ئات‬
‫إلى‬ ‫وجذبهم‬‫سوقية‬‫مناجاتها‬.
()‫اتيجية‬‫ر‬‫است‬‫ق‬‫السو‬ ‫قشط‬(Market Skimming)‫تهدف‬
‫تحقيق‬ ‫إلى‬
ً
‫قياسا‬ ‫كبيرة‬‫سوقية‬ ‫حصة‬‫باملنافسين‬.
()‫قشط‬‫استراتيجية‬ ‫تنجح‬‫ق‬‫السو‬(Market Skimming)
‫ا‬
ً
‫تن‬‫ر‬‫م‬ ‫الطلب‬ ‫ن‬‫يكو‬ ‫عندما‬.
‫التسويق‬ ‫ة‬‫ر‬‫إدا‬ ‫مبادئ‬‫د‬.‫ي‬‫املصر‬‫محمد‬‫كمال‬ 5
()‫استراتيجية‬ ‫تعني‬‫الترويجية‬‫التسعير‬‫أ‬ ‫وضع‬‫أقل‬‫سعار‬
‫األسعار‬ ‫من‬‫طويلة‬ ‫لفترات‬ ‫السائدة‬.
()‫أ‬ ‫وضع‬ ‫الترويجية‬‫التسعير‬ ‫استراتيجية‬ ‫تعني‬‫أقل‬‫سعار‬
‫الاكلفة‬ ‫من‬‫لفترات‬‫طويلة‬.
()‫استراتيجية‬ ‫تاضمن‬‫وض‬ ‫الترويجية‬‫التسعير‬‫أسعار‬ ‫ع‬
‫لفترات‬ ‫الاكلفة‬ ‫من‬ ‫أقل‬‫قصيرة‬.
()‫تنية‬‫و‬‫القاتن‬ ‫بالبيئة‬‫التسعير‬‫ر‬
ّ
‫ياأث‬ ‫أن‬ ‫يمكن‬‫في‬ ‫السائدة‬
‫البلد‬.
‫التسويق‬ ‫ة‬‫ر‬‫إدا‬ ‫مبادئ‬‫د‬.‫ي‬‫املصر‬‫محمد‬‫كمال‬ 6
‫الاكاليف‬‫ل‬
ّ
‫تمث‬،‫لألسعار‬ ‫املمكن‬ ‫األدنى‬ ‫الحد‬‫ولكن‬
‫األعىى‬ ‫الحد‬ ‫يشكالن‬ ‫والطلب‬ ‫ق‬‫السو‬.
‫الحد‬ ‫يمثالن‬ ‫والطلب‬ ‫ق‬‫السو‬ ‫طبيعة‬‫املمك‬ ‫األدنى‬‫ن‬
‫ولكن‬ ،‫لألسعار‬‫الحد‬ ‫تشكل‬ ‫الاكاليف‬‫األعىى‬.
‫ق‬‫السو‬ ‫حالة‬(‫والعرض‬ ‫الطلب‬)‫عالقة‬ ‫لها‬ ‫ليس‬
‫بالتسعير‬.
‫سبق‬ ‫مما‬ ‫يء‬ ‫ش‬‫ال‬.
‫التسويق‬ ‫ة‬‫ر‬‫إدا‬ ‫مبادئ‬‫د‬.‫ي‬‫املصر‬‫محمد‬‫كمال‬ 7
.1‫التسويق‬ ‫وظائف‬‫أهمية‬‫تافاوت‬(‫املن‬‫وتطوير‬ ‫التسويقي‬ ‫البحث‬‫اج‬
‫وتنشيط‬ ‫واإلعالن‬‫والتسعير‬‫املبيعات‬)‫بحسب‬‫املخالفة‬‫تنماط‬‫أل‬‫ا‬
‫لألسواق‬/،‫ق‬‫السو‬‫هيكلية‬‫تناقش‬‫الفكرة‬ ‫هذه‬.
.2‫إستراتيجية‬‫من‬‫أقل‬‫أسعار‬ ‫وضع‬ ‫تاضمن‬ ‫قد‬ ‫الترويجية‬‫التسعير‬‫سعر‬
‫الاكلفة‬.‫اشرح‬‫كيف‬‫؟‬ ‫املنافسين‬‫عىى‬ ‫ذلك‬ ‫ر‬
ّ
‫سيؤث‬‫تناقش‬‫أخ‬ ‫مدى‬‫هذه‬‫القية‬
‫االستراتيجية‬.
.3‫تتبنى‬‫مجموعة‬‫ا‬
ً
‫أحياتن‬ ‫الحكومة‬‫من‬‫ش‬ ‫من‬ ‫التي‬‫والسياسات‬ ‫القيود‬‫أنها‬
‫ية‬ّ‫بحر‬‫التسعير‬‫عىى‬‫املنظمات‬‫ة‬‫ر‬‫قد‬ ‫من‬ ّ‫الحد‬.‫تناقش‬‫الفكرة‬ ‫هذه‬:‫ه‬‫أتنت‬ ‫ل‬
‫؟‬ ‫ملاذا‬‫و‬،‫الحالة‬ ‫هذه‬ ‫في‬ ‫الحكومة‬ ‫مع‬
.4‫طريقة‬‫تعامد‬ ‫الشركات‬ ‫بعض‬‫أساس‬ ‫عىى‬‫التسعير‬‫املنافس‬‫أسعار‬‫ين‬
‫وتعطي‬‫ق‬‫السو‬ ‫في‬ ‫الطلب‬‫وحالة‬‫للاكلفة‬
ً
‫قليال‬
ً
‫اهاماما‬.‫ما‬‫أيك‬‫ر‬‫؟‬ ‫ذلك‬ ‫في‬

Más contenido relacionado

Destacado

International management 02 globalization and international links
International management 02 globalization and international linksInternational management 02 globalization and international links
International management 02 globalization and international linksKamal AL MASRI
 
Exercices chapter 12 managing hr
Exercices chapter  12 managing hrExercices chapter  12 managing hr
Exercices chapter 12 managing hrKamal AL MASRI
 
Exercices innovation and creativity 03
Exercices innovation and creativity 03Exercices innovation and creativity 03
Exercices innovation and creativity 03Kamal AL MASRI
 
Innovation and creativity 00 about
Innovation and creativity 00 aboutInnovation and creativity 00 about
Innovation and creativity 00 aboutKamal AL MASRI
 
Innovation and creativity 01 introduction
Innovation and creativity 01 introductionInnovation and creativity 01 introduction
Innovation and creativity 01 introductionKamal AL MASRI
 
Innovation and creativity 03 managing innovation ‫‬
Innovation and creativity 03 managing innovation ‫‬Innovation and creativity 03 managing innovation ‫‬
Innovation and creativity 03 managing innovation ‫‬Kamal AL MASRI
 
Ex international management 01
Ex international management 01Ex international management 01
Ex international management 01Kamal AL MASRI
 
Innovation and creativity 04 institiuions and innovation ‫‬
Innovation and creativity 04 institiuions and innovation ‫‬Innovation and creativity 04 institiuions and innovation ‫‬
Innovation and creativity 04 institiuions and innovation ‫‬Kamal AL MASRI
 
Microsoft power point exercises international management 02
Microsoft power point   exercises international management 02Microsoft power point   exercises international management 02
Microsoft power point exercises international management 02Kamal AL MASRI
 
International management 01 introduction and concepts
International management 01 introduction and conceptsInternational management 01 introduction and concepts
International management 01 introduction and conceptsKamal AL MASRI
 
Exercices innovation and creativity 02
Exercices innovation and creativity 02Exercices innovation and creativity 02
Exercices innovation and creativity 02Kamal AL MASRI
 
Exercices innovation and creativity 04 institutions and innovation2
Exercices innovation and creativity 04 institutions and innovation2Exercices innovation and creativity 04 institutions and innovation2
Exercices innovation and creativity 04 institutions and innovation2Kamal AL MASRI
 
Microsoft power point innovation and creativity 02 enviroment
Microsoft power point   innovation and creativity 02 enviromentMicrosoft power point   innovation and creativity 02 enviroment
Microsoft power point innovation and creativity 02 enviromentKamal AL MASRI
 
Innovation and creativity 06 creative thinking2
Innovation and creativity 06 creative thinking2Innovation and creativity 06 creative thinking2
Innovation and creativity 06 creative thinking2Kamal AL MASRI
 
Exercices chapter 17 leadership
Exercices chapter  17 leadershipExercices chapter  17 leadership
Exercices chapter 17 leadershipKamal AL MASRI
 

Destacado (15)

International management 02 globalization and international links
International management 02 globalization and international linksInternational management 02 globalization and international links
International management 02 globalization and international links
 
Exercices chapter 12 managing hr
Exercices chapter  12 managing hrExercices chapter  12 managing hr
Exercices chapter 12 managing hr
 
Exercices innovation and creativity 03
Exercices innovation and creativity 03Exercices innovation and creativity 03
Exercices innovation and creativity 03
 
Innovation and creativity 00 about
Innovation and creativity 00 aboutInnovation and creativity 00 about
Innovation and creativity 00 about
 
Innovation and creativity 01 introduction
Innovation and creativity 01 introductionInnovation and creativity 01 introduction
Innovation and creativity 01 introduction
 
Innovation and creativity 03 managing innovation ‫‬
Innovation and creativity 03 managing innovation ‫‬Innovation and creativity 03 managing innovation ‫‬
Innovation and creativity 03 managing innovation ‫‬
 
Ex international management 01
Ex international management 01Ex international management 01
Ex international management 01
 
Innovation and creativity 04 institiuions and innovation ‫‬
Innovation and creativity 04 institiuions and innovation ‫‬Innovation and creativity 04 institiuions and innovation ‫‬
Innovation and creativity 04 institiuions and innovation ‫‬
 
Microsoft power point exercises international management 02
Microsoft power point   exercises international management 02Microsoft power point   exercises international management 02
Microsoft power point exercises international management 02
 
International management 01 introduction and concepts
International management 01 introduction and conceptsInternational management 01 introduction and concepts
International management 01 introduction and concepts
 
Exercices innovation and creativity 02
Exercices innovation and creativity 02Exercices innovation and creativity 02
Exercices innovation and creativity 02
 
Exercices innovation and creativity 04 institutions and innovation2
Exercices innovation and creativity 04 institutions and innovation2Exercices innovation and creativity 04 institutions and innovation2
Exercices innovation and creativity 04 institutions and innovation2
 
Microsoft power point innovation and creativity 02 enviroment
Microsoft power point   innovation and creativity 02 enviromentMicrosoft power point   innovation and creativity 02 enviroment
Microsoft power point innovation and creativity 02 enviroment
 
Innovation and creativity 06 creative thinking2
Innovation and creativity 06 creative thinking2Innovation and creativity 06 creative thinking2
Innovation and creativity 06 creative thinking2
 
Exercices chapter 17 leadership
Exercices chapter  17 leadershipExercices chapter  17 leadership
Exercices chapter 17 leadership
 

Más de Kamal AL MASRI

العملات الرقمية ومخاطرها كمال المصري مايو 2023.pptx
العملات الرقمية ومخاطرها كمال المصري مايو 2023.pptxالعملات الرقمية ومخاطرها كمال المصري مايو 2023.pptx
العملات الرقمية ومخاطرها كمال المصري مايو 2023.pptxKamal AL MASRI
 
الاقتصاد الرقمي Digital Economy كمال المصري 2023.pptx
الاقتصاد الرقمي Digital Economy كمال المصري 2023.pptxالاقتصاد الرقمي Digital Economy كمال المصري 2023.pptx
الاقتصاد الرقمي Digital Economy كمال المصري 2023.pptxKamal AL MASRI
 
Innovation and creativity 10 skills and techniques of creative thinking
Innovation and creativity 10 skills and techniques of creative thinkingInnovation and creativity 10 skills and techniques of creative thinking
Innovation and creativity 10 skills and techniques of creative thinkingKamal AL MASRI
 
Innovation and creativity 05 metrics of innovation
Innovation and creativity 05 metrics of innovationInnovation and creativity 05 metrics of innovation
Innovation and creativity 05 metrics of innovationKamal AL MASRI
 
Innovation and creativity 09 intelligence and thinking
Innovation and creativity 09 intelligence and thinkingInnovation and creativity 09 intelligence and thinking
Innovation and creativity 09 intelligence and thinkingKamal AL MASRI
 
Innovation and creativity 07a business incubators
Innovation and creativity 07a business incubatorsInnovation and creativity 07a business incubators
Innovation and creativity 07a business incubatorsKamal AL MASRI
 
Innovation and creativity 07 managing innovation
Innovation and creativity 07 managing innovationInnovation and creativity 07 managing innovation
Innovation and creativity 07 managing innovationKamal AL MASRI
 
Innovation and creativity 06 innovative organizations
Innovation and creativity 06 innovative organizationsInnovation and creativity 06 innovative organizations
Innovation and creativity 06 innovative organizationsKamal AL MASRI
 
Innovation and creativity 05 innovative people
Innovation and creativity 05 innovative peopleInnovation and creativity 05 innovative people
Innovation and creativity 05 innovative peopleKamal AL MASRI
 
Innovation and creativity 04 the ecosystem of creativity, innovation and change
Innovation and creativity 04 the ecosystem of creativity, innovation and changeInnovation and creativity 04 the ecosystem of creativity, innovation and change
Innovation and creativity 04 the ecosystem of creativity, innovation and changeKamal AL MASRI
 
Innovation and creativity 03 the process of change
Innovation and creativity 03 the process of changeInnovation and creativity 03 the process of change
Innovation and creativity 03 the process of changeKamal AL MASRI
 
Innovation and creativity 02 innovation types
Innovation and creativity 02 innovation typesInnovation and creativity 02 innovation types
Innovation and creativity 02 innovation typesKamal AL MASRI
 
Innovation and creativity 01 introduction and basic concepts
Innovation and creativity 01 introduction and basic conceptsInnovation and creativity 01 introduction and basic concepts
Innovation and creativity 01 introduction and basic conceptsKamal AL MASRI
 
Innovation and creativity 00 about the course
Innovation and creativity 00 about the courseInnovation and creativity 00 about the course
Innovation and creativity 00 about the courseKamal AL MASRI
 
Human development 01 theories of development
Human development 01 theories of developmentHuman development 01 theories of development
Human development 01 theories of developmentKamal AL MASRI
 
Human development 00 general introduction
Human development 00 general introductionHuman development 00 general introduction
Human development 00 general introductionKamal AL MASRI
 
How to make a good presentation
How to make a good presentationHow to make a good presentation
How to make a good presentationKamal AL MASRI
 
العملات الرقمية
العملات الرقميةالعملات الرقمية
العملات الرقميةKamal AL MASRI
 
Microsoft power point exos ib 2nd ed
Microsoft power point   exos ib 2nd edMicrosoft power point   exos ib 2nd ed
Microsoft power point exos ib 2nd edKamal AL MASRI
 

Más de Kamal AL MASRI (19)

العملات الرقمية ومخاطرها كمال المصري مايو 2023.pptx
العملات الرقمية ومخاطرها كمال المصري مايو 2023.pptxالعملات الرقمية ومخاطرها كمال المصري مايو 2023.pptx
العملات الرقمية ومخاطرها كمال المصري مايو 2023.pptx
 
الاقتصاد الرقمي Digital Economy كمال المصري 2023.pptx
الاقتصاد الرقمي Digital Economy كمال المصري 2023.pptxالاقتصاد الرقمي Digital Economy كمال المصري 2023.pptx
الاقتصاد الرقمي Digital Economy كمال المصري 2023.pptx
 
Innovation and creativity 10 skills and techniques of creative thinking
Innovation and creativity 10 skills and techniques of creative thinkingInnovation and creativity 10 skills and techniques of creative thinking
Innovation and creativity 10 skills and techniques of creative thinking
 
Innovation and creativity 05 metrics of innovation
Innovation and creativity 05 metrics of innovationInnovation and creativity 05 metrics of innovation
Innovation and creativity 05 metrics of innovation
 
Innovation and creativity 09 intelligence and thinking
Innovation and creativity 09 intelligence and thinkingInnovation and creativity 09 intelligence and thinking
Innovation and creativity 09 intelligence and thinking
 
Innovation and creativity 07a business incubators
Innovation and creativity 07a business incubatorsInnovation and creativity 07a business incubators
Innovation and creativity 07a business incubators
 
Innovation and creativity 07 managing innovation
Innovation and creativity 07 managing innovationInnovation and creativity 07 managing innovation
Innovation and creativity 07 managing innovation
 
Innovation and creativity 06 innovative organizations
Innovation and creativity 06 innovative organizationsInnovation and creativity 06 innovative organizations
Innovation and creativity 06 innovative organizations
 
Innovation and creativity 05 innovative people
Innovation and creativity 05 innovative peopleInnovation and creativity 05 innovative people
Innovation and creativity 05 innovative people
 
Innovation and creativity 04 the ecosystem of creativity, innovation and change
Innovation and creativity 04 the ecosystem of creativity, innovation and changeInnovation and creativity 04 the ecosystem of creativity, innovation and change
Innovation and creativity 04 the ecosystem of creativity, innovation and change
 
Innovation and creativity 03 the process of change
Innovation and creativity 03 the process of changeInnovation and creativity 03 the process of change
Innovation and creativity 03 the process of change
 
Innovation and creativity 02 innovation types
Innovation and creativity 02 innovation typesInnovation and creativity 02 innovation types
Innovation and creativity 02 innovation types
 
Innovation and creativity 01 introduction and basic concepts
Innovation and creativity 01 introduction and basic conceptsInnovation and creativity 01 introduction and basic concepts
Innovation and creativity 01 introduction and basic concepts
 
Innovation and creativity 00 about the course
Innovation and creativity 00 about the courseInnovation and creativity 00 about the course
Innovation and creativity 00 about the course
 
Human development 01 theories of development
Human development 01 theories of developmentHuman development 01 theories of development
Human development 01 theories of development
 
Human development 00 general introduction
Human development 00 general introductionHuman development 00 general introduction
Human development 00 general introduction
 
How to make a good presentation
How to make a good presentationHow to make a good presentation
How to make a good presentation
 
العملات الرقمية
العملات الرقميةالعملات الرقمية
العملات الرقمية
 
Microsoft power point exos ib 2nd ed
Microsoft power point   exos ib 2nd edMicrosoft power point   exos ib 2nd ed
Microsoft power point exos ib 2nd ed
 

Exercices marketing management 07 pricing

  • 2. ‫التسويق‬ ‫ة‬‫ر‬‫إدا‬ ‫مبادئ‬‫د‬.‫ي‬‫املصر‬‫محمد‬‫كمال‬ 2 ()‫الخبراء‬‫بعض‬‫ى‬‫ير‬‫عملية‬‫أن‬‫عرية‬ ّ‫الس‬‫واملنافسة‬‫التسعير‬‫املشكلة‬ ‫هي‬‫و‬‫قم‬‫ر‬‫التي‬ ‫احد‬ ‫التسويقيين‬‫املنفذين‬ ‫تواجه‬. ()‫جمي‬‫أخذت‬‫ولو‬ ‫حتى‬‫املنظمة‬‫فشل‬ ‫إلى‬ ‫يقود‬ ‫أن‬ ‫يمكن‬‫التسعير‬‫عملية‬‫في‬‫خطأ‬ ‫أي‬‫عناصر‬ ‫ع‬ ‫ى‬‫األخر‬‫التسويق‬‫بالحسبان‬. ()‫في‬‫ة‬‫ر‬‫اإلدا‬‫تحدد‬ ‫الصغيرة‬‫املنظمات‬ ً ‫عادة‬‫العليا‬‫التسو‬‫قسم‬ ‫من‬ ً ‫بدال‬‫األسعار‬‫يق‬‫واملبيعات‬. ()‫اإل‬‫خطوط‬‫اء‬‫ر‬‫مد‬‫لية‬‫و‬‫مسؤ‬ ‫ضمن‬ ‫ن‬‫تكو‬‫األسعار‬‫تحديد‬‫فإن‬ ‫الكبيرة‬‫املنظمات‬‫في‬‫تناا‬. ()‫املنظمات‬‫في‬‫فإن‬ ‫جدا‬ ‫الصغيرة‬‫األسعار‬‫تحديد‬‫ن‬‫يكو‬‫خطوط‬‫اء‬‫ر‬‫مد‬‫لية‬‫و‬‫مسؤ‬ ‫ضمن‬ ‫تناا‬‫إل‬‫ا‬. ()‫يلعب‬‫ال‬‫األسواق‬‫في‬‫البيع‬‫مندوب‬‫في‬‫ر‬‫دو‬ َ‫أي‬‫الصناعية‬‫تحديد‬‫األسعار‬. ()‫خالل‬ ‫من‬‫األسعار‬‫تحديد‬ ‫في‬‫هاما‬ ً‫دوار‬‫الصناعية‬ ‫األسواق‬‫في‬‫البيع‬‫مندوب‬‫يلعب‬‫الافاوض‬ ‫املسموح‬‫السعر‬ ‫من‬ ‫معين‬‫ى‬‫مساو‬‫لاحديد‬ ‫املستهلكين‬ ‫مع‬‫به‬. ()‫الاكاليف‬‫تعابر‬‫لألسعار‬‫األدنى‬‫الحد‬‫ق‬‫السو‬‫بينما‬‫األ‬‫الحد‬‫يشكالن‬‫والطلب‬‫عىى‬.
  • 3. ‫التسويق‬ ‫ة‬‫ر‬‫إدا‬ ‫مبادئ‬‫د‬.‫ي‬‫املصر‬‫محمد‬‫كمال‬ 3 ()‫التسعير‬‫عابر‬ُ‫ي‬‫الاكلفة‬ ‫أساس‬ ‫عىى‬‫وأعقد‬ ‫أصعب‬ ‫من‬‫املضافة‬‫أساليب‬ ‫التسعير‬. ()‫أسالي‬ ‫أسهل‬ ‫من‬‫عابر‬ُ‫ي‬ ‫املستهلك‬ ‫اكات‬‫ر‬‫إد‬ ‫أساس‬ ‫عىى‬‫التسعير‬‫التسعير‬ ‫ب‬ ‫فعالة‬‫غير‬‫ولكنها‬. ()‫يعامد‬‫املضافة‬‫الاكلفة‬ ‫أساس‬ ‫عىى‬‫التسعير‬‫و‬ ‫ق‬‫السو‬‫حالة‬ ‫عىى‬‫اكات‬‫ر‬‫إد‬ ‫املستهلكين‬. ()‫يعامد‬‫التسعير‬‫الاعادل‬ ‫تنقطة‬ ‫أساس‬ ‫عىى‬‫الاكاليف‬ ‫عىى‬. ()‫الاعادل‬ ‫تنقطة‬(Break Even Point: BEP)‫هي‬‫النقطة‬(‫أو‬ ‫تناا‬‫إل‬‫ا‬ ‫حجم‬ ‫املبيعات‬)‫الكلية‬‫النفقات‬ ‫مع‬‫الكىي‬ ‫اد‬‫ر‬‫اإلي‬‫عندها‬ ‫ى‬‫يتساو‬ ‫التي‬. ()‫املضافة‬‫الاكلفة‬ ‫أساس‬ ‫عىى‬‫التسعير‬‫طرح‬‫إلى‬ ‫يؤدي‬‫ينس‬‫سعر‬‫مع‬ ‫جم‬ ‫ي‬‫للمشتر‬ ‫املدركة‬‫القيمة‬.
  • 4. ‫التسويق‬ ‫ة‬‫ر‬‫إدا‬ ‫مبادئ‬‫د‬.‫ي‬‫املصر‬‫محمد‬‫كمال‬ 4 ()‫تعامد‬‫استراتيجية‬‫ي‬ ‫النفس‬‫التسعير‬‫عىى‬‫االعاب‬‫ات‬‫ر‬‫ا‬ ‫النفسية‬‫ات‬‫ر‬‫االعابا‬ ‫من‬‫أكثر‬ ‫أهمية‬ ‫تعطيها‬‫إذ‬‫االقاصا‬‫دية‬. ()‫اختراق‬ ‫استراتيجية‬‫ق‬‫السو‬(Market Penetration)‫تعني‬ ‫ف‬ ‫عدة‬‫أو‬ ‫واسعة‬ ‫ق‬‫سو‬ ‫إلى‬ ‫ل‬‫للدخو‬‫منخفضة‬‫أسعار‬ ‫تطبيق‬‫ئات‬ ‫إلى‬ ‫وجذبهم‬‫سوقية‬‫مناجاتها‬. ()‫اتيجية‬‫ر‬‫است‬‫ق‬‫السو‬ ‫قشط‬(Market Skimming)‫تهدف‬ ‫تحقيق‬ ‫إلى‬ ً ‫قياسا‬ ‫كبيرة‬‫سوقية‬ ‫حصة‬‫باملنافسين‬. ()‫قشط‬‫استراتيجية‬ ‫تنجح‬‫ق‬‫السو‬(Market Skimming) ‫ا‬ ً ‫تن‬‫ر‬‫م‬ ‫الطلب‬ ‫ن‬‫يكو‬ ‫عندما‬.
  • 5. ‫التسويق‬ ‫ة‬‫ر‬‫إدا‬ ‫مبادئ‬‫د‬.‫ي‬‫املصر‬‫محمد‬‫كمال‬ 5 ()‫استراتيجية‬ ‫تعني‬‫الترويجية‬‫التسعير‬‫أ‬ ‫وضع‬‫أقل‬‫سعار‬ ‫األسعار‬ ‫من‬‫طويلة‬ ‫لفترات‬ ‫السائدة‬. ()‫أ‬ ‫وضع‬ ‫الترويجية‬‫التسعير‬ ‫استراتيجية‬ ‫تعني‬‫أقل‬‫سعار‬ ‫الاكلفة‬ ‫من‬‫لفترات‬‫طويلة‬. ()‫استراتيجية‬ ‫تاضمن‬‫وض‬ ‫الترويجية‬‫التسعير‬‫أسعار‬ ‫ع‬ ‫لفترات‬ ‫الاكلفة‬ ‫من‬ ‫أقل‬‫قصيرة‬. ()‫تنية‬‫و‬‫القاتن‬ ‫بالبيئة‬‫التسعير‬‫ر‬ ّ ‫ياأث‬ ‫أن‬ ‫يمكن‬‫في‬ ‫السائدة‬ ‫البلد‬.
  • 6. ‫التسويق‬ ‫ة‬‫ر‬‫إدا‬ ‫مبادئ‬‫د‬.‫ي‬‫املصر‬‫محمد‬‫كمال‬ 6 ‫الاكاليف‬‫ل‬ ّ ‫تمث‬،‫لألسعار‬ ‫املمكن‬ ‫األدنى‬ ‫الحد‬‫ولكن‬ ‫األعىى‬ ‫الحد‬ ‫يشكالن‬ ‫والطلب‬ ‫ق‬‫السو‬. ‫الحد‬ ‫يمثالن‬ ‫والطلب‬ ‫ق‬‫السو‬ ‫طبيعة‬‫املمك‬ ‫األدنى‬‫ن‬ ‫ولكن‬ ،‫لألسعار‬‫الحد‬ ‫تشكل‬ ‫الاكاليف‬‫األعىى‬. ‫ق‬‫السو‬ ‫حالة‬(‫والعرض‬ ‫الطلب‬)‫عالقة‬ ‫لها‬ ‫ليس‬ ‫بالتسعير‬. ‫سبق‬ ‫مما‬ ‫يء‬ ‫ش‬‫ال‬.
  • 7. ‫التسويق‬ ‫ة‬‫ر‬‫إدا‬ ‫مبادئ‬‫د‬.‫ي‬‫املصر‬‫محمد‬‫كمال‬ 7 .1‫التسويق‬ ‫وظائف‬‫أهمية‬‫تافاوت‬(‫املن‬‫وتطوير‬ ‫التسويقي‬ ‫البحث‬‫اج‬ ‫وتنشيط‬ ‫واإلعالن‬‫والتسعير‬‫املبيعات‬)‫بحسب‬‫املخالفة‬‫تنماط‬‫أل‬‫ا‬ ‫لألسواق‬/،‫ق‬‫السو‬‫هيكلية‬‫تناقش‬‫الفكرة‬ ‫هذه‬. .2‫إستراتيجية‬‫من‬‫أقل‬‫أسعار‬ ‫وضع‬ ‫تاضمن‬ ‫قد‬ ‫الترويجية‬‫التسعير‬‫سعر‬ ‫الاكلفة‬.‫اشرح‬‫كيف‬‫؟‬ ‫املنافسين‬‫عىى‬ ‫ذلك‬ ‫ر‬ ّ ‫سيؤث‬‫تناقش‬‫أخ‬ ‫مدى‬‫هذه‬‫القية‬ ‫االستراتيجية‬. .3‫تتبنى‬‫مجموعة‬‫ا‬ ً ‫أحياتن‬ ‫الحكومة‬‫من‬‫ش‬ ‫من‬ ‫التي‬‫والسياسات‬ ‫القيود‬‫أنها‬ ‫ية‬ّ‫بحر‬‫التسعير‬‫عىى‬‫املنظمات‬‫ة‬‫ر‬‫قد‬ ‫من‬ ّ‫الحد‬.‫تناقش‬‫الفكرة‬ ‫هذه‬:‫ه‬‫أتنت‬ ‫ل‬ ‫؟‬ ‫ملاذا‬‫و‬،‫الحالة‬ ‫هذه‬ ‫في‬ ‫الحكومة‬ ‫مع‬ .4‫طريقة‬‫تعامد‬ ‫الشركات‬ ‫بعض‬‫أساس‬ ‫عىى‬‫التسعير‬‫املنافس‬‫أسعار‬‫ين‬ ‫وتعطي‬‫ق‬‫السو‬ ‫في‬ ‫الطلب‬‫وحالة‬‫للاكلفة‬ ً ‫قليال‬ ً ‫اهاماما‬.‫ما‬‫أيك‬‫ر‬‫؟‬ ‫ذلك‬ ‫في‬