2. By Kamal ALMASRI 2
() A leader is someonewho can influence othersand who
hasmanagerialauthority.
() Research of Trait Theories focused on identifying
personal characteristics thatdifferentiated leaders from non-
leaders wassuccessful.
( ) BehavioralTheories focusedon identifying personal
characteristicsof leaders.
() KurtLewinidentified threeleadership styles:autocratic,
democratic, and“Laissez faire” style.
() Research findingsof theUniversity of Iowa Studies
indicate that nospecific stylewasconsistentlybetter for
producing better performance.
3. By Kamal ALMASRI 3
() University of Michigan Studies Identified two dimensions of leader
behavior: Employeeoriented and production oriented.
( ) One ofthe leadershipdimensionsidentifiedby the Ohio State
Studies was the leader’s mutual trust and respectfor group
members’ideasand feelings.
() The Fiedler Modelis one ofthe Contingency Theories of Leadership.
() The Fiedler Modelbelongs to theTrait Theories of Leadership.
() The Path-Goal Model Statesthat the leader’s job is to assist his
followers in attaining their goals and to provide direction or support to
ensure that their goals are compatible with those of the organization.
4. By Kamal ALMASRI 4
() Accordingto the FiedlerModel,we needtomatchleaders to
thesituationbut nottochange theirstyle.
() Transactional leaders guideor motivate their followersin the
direction of established goals by clarifyingrole and task
requirements.
() Transformational leaders inspire followersto transcend their
own self-interestsfor the good of the organization by clarifyingrole
and task requirements.
() Transformational and transactional theories represent
ContemporaryViews of leadership.
5. By Kamal ALMASRI 5
() Leadershipmaynot alwaysbe important.
() Experience,training, professional orientation, or the need
for independenceare factors thatcan reduce importanceof
leadership.
() Training is morelikelyto besuccessfulwith individuals
who are high self-monitors than thosewho are low self-
monitors.
()Individuals with lowerlevelsof motivationto lead are
morereceptiveto leadership developmentopportunities.
6. By Kamal ALMASRI 6
() Accordingto Universityof Michigan Studies, Leaders who are
employeeorientedare strongly associated with high group
productivity and high job satisfaction.
() Individuals with higherlevelsof motivation to lead are more
receptiveto leadershipdevelopmentopportunities.
() Experience,training, professionalorientation, or the need for
independencecan replace the employee’sneedfora leader’s
support orability to create structure and reducetask ambiguity.
() Accordingto researchwomen tend to use transformational
leadershipwhilemen tend to use transactional leadership.
7. By Kamal ALMASRI 7
Directive leader
Supportive leader
Participative leader
Achievement oriented leader
All of the above.
8. By Kamal ALMASRI 8
Have a vision
Are able to articulate the vision
Don’t want to take risks to achieve
the vision
Are sensitive to the environment and
follower needs
Have extraordinary behaviors
9. By Kamal ALMASRI 9
High concern for production
Low concern for people
High concern for people and
low concern forproduction
None of the above.
10. By Kamal ALMASRI 10
High concern for production
Low concern for people
High concern for bothpeople
and production
All of the above.
11. By Kamal ALMASRI 11
Transactional Leadership
TransformationalLeadership
Hersey and Blanchard’s
SituationalLeadershipTheory (SLT)
All of the above
12. By Kamal ALMASRI 12
Discusswhat is a “leader”.
Are all managers leaders?Discussthis idea.
Discussthe importance of leaders and
leadershiptheories.
Listthree of the issuesaffectingleadership
in the twenty-firstcentury.
Explain what do we mean by “empowering
employees”.