10. Blood tests
TP ALB UA Na+ Osmolality
BUN/Cr
(g/dL) (g/dL) (mg/dL) (mEq/L) (mmOsm)
Dehydrated
6.8 3.2 27 6.8 146.3 309.6
group
Non-dehydrated
7.0 3.3 24 5.3 134.4 279.0
group
p=0.27 p=0.34 p=0.20 p=0.09 p<0.01 p<0.05
TP:Total protein, ALB: Albumin, BUN: Blood urea nitrogen, Cr: Creatinine, UA: Uric acid
良く使われるBUN/Cre解離は脱水+/-で有意差が無し.
BUN値自体の平均値の記載は無かった. the highest
tively low. The specificity of dry axilla was molality for dr
(89%), and sunken eyes and delayed capillary refill time higher than tha
were the second highest (83%). Odds ratio of dry axilla was there were no s
the highest (4.0) among all physical findings. urine tests.
Clinical examination for the dehydrated and the
non-dehydrated groups
The results of clinical examination for both groups are In the presen
shown in Table 3. For the blood tests, TP and ALB of the signs could ind
dehydrated group were slightly lower (6.8 mg/dL and 3.2 nificant correla
10 Intern Med 51: 1207-1210, 2012
mg/dL, respectively) than those (7.0 mg/dL and 3.3 mg/dL, results such as
17. 補液; 電解質液 vs コロイド
Sever Sepsisに対しての輸液療法,
乳酸リンゲル vs 10% Pentastarch で比較
(NEJM 2008;358:125-139)
急性腎不全: 22.8%[17.8-27.8] vs 34.9[29.1-40.7]
腎代替療法: 18.8%[14.1-23.4] vs 31.0[25.4-36.7]
HES使用群において,
有意に腎不全発症, 透析療法移行率が有意に高い
敗血症の方が, 出血, 外傷よりもALI/ARDSに移行しやすく,
肺血管透過性が優位に亢進する傾向がある(p<0.01)
しかし, 補液により心拍出量が急速に上昇してくるPhaseでは,
肺血管透過性, ALI発症に関してはどの種類の輸液も同等.
(電解質, コロイド, アルブミン)(Crit Care Med 2009;37:April)
18. 小児の胃腸炎に伴う脱水;
補液の速度は20ml/kg/hでOK BMJ 2011;343:d6976
胃腸炎に伴う脱水症により, 点滴を必要とした226名の小児.of 12
BMJ 2011;343:d6976 doi: 10.1136/bmj.d6976 (Published 17 November 2011)
Page 7
3ヶ月∼11歳まで. RESEARCH
60ml/kg/h vs 20ml/kg/h の補液速度群(NS)に割り付け,
2時間後の脱水所見, 予後を比較したSingle-center RCT.
Tables
脱水所見; 眼球, 口腔内粘膜, 涙の有無を0-2ptで評価し, ≥1ptで脱水.
1-4 脱水あり(LR1.3[0.9-1.7]), 5-8 重度の脱水(LR 5.2[2.1-12.8])
Table 1| Clinical dehydration scale* used in children with gastroenteritis
Score category
Characteristic 0 1 2
General appearance† Normal Thirsty, restless, or lethargic but irritable Drowsy, limp, cold or sweaty, comatose
when touched
Eyes Normal Slightly sunken Very sunken
Mucous membranes‡ Moist Sticky Dry
Tears Present Decreased Absent
*Higher scores indicate more severe dehydration. Scores range from 0 to 8. Scores 0=<3% dehydration (positive likelihood ratio 2.2, 95% confidence interval 0.9
45
to 5.3), scores 1-4=some (3-6%) dehydration (1.3, 0.9 to 1.7), and scores 5-8=moderate to severe (≥6%) dehydration (5.2, 2.1 to 12.8).
†“Normal” includes children who might be sleeping but are easily aroused to normal level of consciousness. Takes into account time of day and child’s usual
18
pattern as described by child’s parent/guardian.
19. BMJ 2011;343:d6976 doi: 10.1136/bmj.d6976 (Published 17 November 2011) Page 9 of 12
BMJ 2011;343:d6976
RESEARCH
Outcome;
2hr後の評価では急速補液群で36%, 通常補液群で29%で脱水所見改善.
(AD 6.5%[-5.7~18.7]) 有意差無し.
Table 3| Secondary outcomes over time according to different methods of rehydration in children with gastroenteritis. Figures are numbers
Secondary outcome(4hr後の評価)も両者で有意差なし.
(percentage) of children unless stated otherwise
Rapid intravenous rehydration group Standard intravenous rehydration
(n=114) group (n=112) P value*
Prolonged treatment† 59 (52) 48 (43) 0.18
Hospital admission at initial visit 33 (29) 19 (17) 0.04
Emergency department length of stay >6 hours 40 (35) 37 (33) 0.78
Revisit resulting in admission 7 (6) 5 (5) 0.77
Adequacy of oral intake‡:
5 mL/kg at 2 hours 29 (25) 36 (32) 0.31
5 mL/kg at 4 hours 50 (44) 46 (41) 0.69
10 mL/kg at 2 hours 13 (11) 15 (13) 0.54
10 mL/kg at 4 hours 25 (22) 24 (21) 0.87
Mean (SD) volume consumed (mL/kg), 0-2 4.0 (6.3) 4.1 (4.5) 0.86
hours
Mean (SD) volume consumed (mL/kg), 0-4 7.2 (9.8) 5.9 (6.2) 0.23
hours
Vomited during 4 hour study period 22 (19) 14 (13) 0.20
Physician was comfortable with discharge§:
2 hours 30 (26) 42 (38) 0.07
4 hours 61 (54) 74 (66) 0.06
Emergency department revisits¶:
Within 3 days 16 (14) 13 (12) 0.69
Within 7 days 17 (15) 19 (17) 0.72