SlideShare a Scribd company logo
1 of 20
Download to read offline
Project -
Menstrual Cycle
Submitted to: Submitted by:
Miss Jyotsana Name: Vishwanjali gupta
Class: 12th
(Medical)
Roll No: 48
MENSTRUATION CYCLE 2
Acknowledgement
I am Vishwanjali Gupta studied in Tagore Academy Public School pursuing
12th (medical). I would like to express my special thanks of gratitude to my Biology
Teacher (Miss Jyotsana) who gave me the golden opportunity to do this wonderful
project on the Topic MENSTRUAL CYCLE, which also helped me in doing a lot of
Research and I came to know about so many new things I am really thankful to her.
INDEX
Sno Topic P. no
1 Reproductive Cycle 4
2 Menstrual Cycle 5
3 Hormones 6
4 Phases Of Menstrual Cycle 7
5 Duration of different phases 8
6 Menstruation 9
7 Follicular Phase 10
8 Ovulation 11
9 Luteal Phase 12
10 Events Of Menstrual Cycle 13
11 Hormonal Levels During Different Phase 14
12 SignsOf Menstruation 15
13 Menarch& Menopause 16
14 Menstrual Cycle Disorder 17
15 Menstrual Taboos 18
16 Bibliography 20
MENSTRUATION CYCLE 4
REPRODUCTIVE CYCLE
The female of placental mammals exhibit cyclical changes in the activities of ovaries and
accessory ducts as well as hormones during the reproductive phase known as
reproductive cycle.
There are two types which are as follows
1.Oestrus cycle:This cycle occur in non-primate which are cow, rat etc.
2.Menstrual cycle:This cycle occur in primates which are apes and human being.
MENSTRUAL CYCLE
Definition:Menstrual cycle refers to the cyclical
changes in the activities of ovaries and accessory ducts as well as hormones in female
primate mammals during the reproductive phase.
 In human female,menstruation is repeated at an average interval of about 28-29
days.
 The cycle of events from one menstruation till the next one is known as menstrual
cycle.
MENSTRUATION CYCLE 6
Hormones
1. Anterior Pituitary Hormone
I. Luteinizing
Hormone (LH)
II. Follicle Stimulating Hormone (FSH)
2. Ovarian Hormones
I. Estrogen
II. Progesterone
Hormones And Their Functions
PHASES OF MENSTRUAL CYCLE
Changes in the level of Anterior pituitary hormone and Ovarian hormones induces
changes in ovary and uterus results in different phases
Menstrual cycle can be divided into 3 phases:
1. Menstrual Phase
2. Follicular (Estrogen) Phase
3. Ovulation
4. Luteal (Progesterone) Phase
MENSTRUATION CYCLE 8
Duration Of Menstrual Cycle
Events DuringMenstruation Cycle
PhaseOf Menstrual Cycle Average Start And End Day
Menstrual Phase 1-4
Proliferative Phase 5-13
Ovulation 13-16
Secretory Phase 16-28
MENSTRUAL PHASE
• Menstrual cycle starts with menstrual phase.
• Menstruation
 Menstrual bleeding, menses, period.
 Discharge of bloody fluid containing endometrial cells, glandular secretions and blood
cells.
 Due to breakdown of endometrial lining of uterus and its blood vessels.
 Result of the previous menstrual cycle.
 Due to strong vasoconstriction and proteolytic activity, functional stratum of
endometrial tissue dies and is discharged during menstrual bleeding.
 It last for 3-5 days.
• Endometrium becomes very thin, but due to low estrogen levels, hypophysis
secretes more FSH.
• FSH stimulates secretion of estrogen, and estrogen serves as proliferation signal to
the endometrial basal layer.
MENSTRUATION CYCLE 10
FOLLICULAR PHASE
• Due to the rise of follicle stimulating hormone (FSH) during the first days of the
cycle, several ovarian follicles are stimulated.
• Follicles compete with each other for development.
• Follicle mature intoGraafian Follicle.
• As they mature, the follicles secrete increasing amounts of estrogen, which thickens
the new functional layer of endometrium in the uterus.
• As in this phase endometrium regenerate through proliferation this phase is also
known asProliferative Phase.
• Estrogen also stimulates crypts in the cervix to produce fertile cervical mucus.
• At the end of this phase ovulation occurs.
OVULATION
• During the Follicular Phase, estrogen suppresses production of Luteinizing Hormone
(LH) from the pituitary gland.
• When the ovum has nearly matured, levels of estrogen reach a threshold above
which they stimulate production of LH (positive feedback loop).
• Both LH and FSH attains a peak value called LH Surge.
• The release of LH matures the ovum and weakens the wall of the follicle in the
ovary, causing graffian follicle ruptures and release of ovum.
• After being released from the ovary, the ovum is swept into the fallopian tube.
MENSTRUATION CYCLE 12
LUTEAL PHASE
• Graffian Follicle transform as Corpus Luteum.
• Corpus Luteum: solid body formed in an ovary, after ovulation.
• Corpus luteum secrete significant amounts of progesterone, which plays a vital role
in making the endometrium receptive to implantation of the blastocyst.
• High levels of Estrogen and Progesterone suppress production of FSH and LH that
the corpus luteum needs to maintain itself.
• In absence of fertilisation , corpus luteum degenerate .
• Falling levels of progesterone disgenerate endometrium lining, trigger menstruation
and the beginning of the next cycle.
Events of Menstrual Cycle
MENSTRUATION CYCLE 14
Sign Of Mensturalation Cycle
A Woman May Experience :
 Fluid Retention
 Cramping
 Mood Swings
 Weight Gain
 Breast Tenderness
 Diarrhea
 Constipation
MENSTRUATION CYCLE 16
Menarche & Menopause
Menarche:
A woman's first menstruation.
Typically occurs around age 12.
Occurrence depends on overall health and diet.
Menopause:
End of a woman's reproductive phase,
Commonly occurs between ages 45 and 55
Age of menopause is largely the result of genetics.
Menstruation Cycle
Disorder
1.Menorrhagia:Excess uterine bleeding, prolonged 7 days.
2.DUB: Excess,prolonged,frequent bleeding.
3.Oligomenorrhea: Uterine bleeding occur at interval 35 days and 6 months.
4.Amenorrhea: No menses for at least 6 months.
5.Anovulation:Anovulation is the failure of the ovary to release ova over a period
of time generally exceeding 3 months.
MENSTRUATION CYCLE 18
Menstrual Taboo
A Menstrual Taboo is any social taboo concerned with Menstruation.
In some societies it involves menstruation being perceived as unclean or embarrassing,
extending even to the mention of menstruation both
• In public (in the media and advertising)
• In private (amongst the friends, in the household, and with men).
Social Behavior with Women during Menstruation Cycle as follows:
Many traditional religions consider menstruation ritually unclean.
Women and girls are not allowed to enter temples, or take part in many religious
functions while menstruation.
Women are also supposed to keep away from sacred objects even in their own
homes.
Women are unclean for seven days (Leviticus 12). A women had to 'purify' herself
after she finished menstruating.
Women were forbidden from even entering in kitchen during menstruating days.
 She had to depend on somebody even to take a drinking water from vessel as it
was believed that her touch might pollute that water.
Womanhood is a gift from nature to females and they should cherish it and feel
proud about it, shame or guilt should not be associated with any gender. This practice of
seclusion of women in this way due to some biological processes associated with their
gender should stop. We all should know that this is totally wrong and it is our duty to
stop it.
Let's show some courage to eradicate this practice, let's confront these things
wherever we see them and let’s start this from our own homes.
MENSTRUATION CYCLE 20
Bibliography
www.google.co.in
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Corpus_luteum
http://www.tutorvista.com/content/biology/biology-
ii/reproduction/menstruation-and-menstrual-cycle.php
http://ncert.nic.in/NCERTS/3/lebo101.pdf

More Related Content

What's hot

TO STUDY THE QUANTITY OF CASEIN PRESENT IN DIFFERENT SAMPLES OF MILK
TO STUDY THE QUANTITY OF CASEIN PRESENT IN DIFFERENT SAMPLES OF MILKTO STUDY THE QUANTITY OF CASEIN PRESENT IN DIFFERENT SAMPLES OF MILK
TO STUDY THE QUANTITY OF CASEIN PRESENT IN DIFFERENT SAMPLES OF MILKAnkitSharma1903
 
CBSE Class XII Physics Investigatory Project
CBSE Class XII Physics Investigatory ProjectCBSE Class XII Physics Investigatory Project
CBSE Class XII Physics Investigatory ProjectVaibhav Kandwal
 
“To estimate the charge induced on each one of the two identical Styrofoam (o...
“To estimate the charge induced on each one of the two identical Styrofoam (o...“To estimate the charge induced on each one of the two identical Styrofoam (o...
“To estimate the charge induced on each one of the two identical Styrofoam (o...VanshPatil7
 
Physics Investigatory Project - Transformer
Physics Investigatory Project - TransformerPhysics Investigatory Project - Transformer
Physics Investigatory Project - TransformerJishnu Rajan
 
Reproductive Health, Grade 12
Reproductive Health, Grade 12Reproductive Health, Grade 12
Reproductive Health, Grade 12blessiemary
 
Physics Investigatory - Electromagnetic Induction. CLASS XII
Physics Investigatory - Electromagnetic Induction.    CLASS XIIPhysics Investigatory - Electromagnetic Induction.    CLASS XII
Physics Investigatory - Electromagnetic Induction. CLASS XIIEligetiVishnu
 
Physics Investigatory Project Class 12
Physics Investigatory Project Class 12Physics Investigatory Project Class 12
Physics Investigatory Project Class 12Self-employed
 
"Study of amount of Casein present in different samples of Milk" [J P EDUCATI...
"Study of amount of Casein present in different samples of Milk" [J P EDUCATI..."Study of amount of Casein present in different samples of Milk" [J P EDUCATI...
"Study of amount of Casein present in different samples of Milk" [J P EDUCATI...Shweta Singh
 
To Study the earth's magnetic field using a tangent galvanometer Tangent galv...
To Study the earth's magnetic field using a tangent galvanometer Tangent galv...To Study the earth's magnetic field using a tangent galvanometer Tangent galv...
To Study the earth's magnetic field using a tangent galvanometer Tangent galv...Arjun Kumar Sah
 
Physics Investigatory Project - Class 12 - Tangent Galvanometer
Physics Investigatory Project - Class 12 - Tangent GalvanometerPhysics Investigatory Project - Class 12 - Tangent Galvanometer
Physics Investigatory Project - Class 12 - Tangent GalvanometerDhananjay Dhiman
 
Amount of casein in milk
Amount of casein in milkAmount of casein in milk
Amount of casein in milkdinesh pol
 
Reproductive health- class 12 cbse
Reproductive health- class 12 cbseReproductive health- class 12 cbse
Reproductive health- class 12 cbseKush Sehgal
 
chemistry investigatory project on food adulteration
chemistry investigatory project on food adulterationchemistry investigatory project on food adulteration
chemistry investigatory project on food adulterationappietech
 
Physics Project for class 12 isc Junction and diode
Physics Project for class 12 isc Junction and diodePhysics Project for class 12 isc Junction and diode
Physics Project for class 12 isc Junction and diodeIshani gupta Gupta
 
Rectifier class 12th physics investigatory project
Rectifier class 12th physics investigatory projectRectifier class 12th physics investigatory project
Rectifier class 12th physics investigatory projectndaashishk7781
 
Biology investigatory project
Biology investigatory projectBiology investigatory project
Biology investigatory projectKavita Kulkarni
 
Physics investigatory project on RECTIFIER
Physics investigatory project on RECTIFIERPhysics investigatory project on RECTIFIER
Physics investigatory project on RECTIFIERNaveen R
 
Study of common food adulterants in fat, oil, butter, sugar, turmeric power...
Study  of common food adulterants in fat, oil, butter,  sugar, turmeric power...Study  of common food adulterants in fat, oil, butter,  sugar, turmeric power...
Study of common food adulterants in fat, oil, butter, sugar, turmeric power...ARSHGERA1
 
Physics Investigatory Project
Physics Investigatory  ProjectPhysics Investigatory  Project
Physics Investigatory ProjectDIVYANSHU KUMAR
 
Biology investigatory project_chromosoma
Biology investigatory project_chromosomaBiology investigatory project_chromosoma
Biology investigatory project_chromosomaRajveer Atal
 

What's hot (20)

TO STUDY THE QUANTITY OF CASEIN PRESENT IN DIFFERENT SAMPLES OF MILK
TO STUDY THE QUANTITY OF CASEIN PRESENT IN DIFFERENT SAMPLES OF MILKTO STUDY THE QUANTITY OF CASEIN PRESENT IN DIFFERENT SAMPLES OF MILK
TO STUDY THE QUANTITY OF CASEIN PRESENT IN DIFFERENT SAMPLES OF MILK
 
CBSE Class XII Physics Investigatory Project
CBSE Class XII Physics Investigatory ProjectCBSE Class XII Physics Investigatory Project
CBSE Class XII Physics Investigatory Project
 
“To estimate the charge induced on each one of the two identical Styrofoam (o...
“To estimate the charge induced on each one of the two identical Styrofoam (o...“To estimate the charge induced on each one of the two identical Styrofoam (o...
“To estimate the charge induced on each one of the two identical Styrofoam (o...
 
Physics Investigatory Project - Transformer
Physics Investigatory Project - TransformerPhysics Investigatory Project - Transformer
Physics Investigatory Project - Transformer
 
Reproductive Health, Grade 12
Reproductive Health, Grade 12Reproductive Health, Grade 12
Reproductive Health, Grade 12
 
Physics Investigatory - Electromagnetic Induction. CLASS XII
Physics Investigatory - Electromagnetic Induction.    CLASS XIIPhysics Investigatory - Electromagnetic Induction.    CLASS XII
Physics Investigatory - Electromagnetic Induction. CLASS XII
 
Physics Investigatory Project Class 12
Physics Investigatory Project Class 12Physics Investigatory Project Class 12
Physics Investigatory Project Class 12
 
"Study of amount of Casein present in different samples of Milk" [J P EDUCATI...
"Study of amount of Casein present in different samples of Milk" [J P EDUCATI..."Study of amount of Casein present in different samples of Milk" [J P EDUCATI...
"Study of amount of Casein present in different samples of Milk" [J P EDUCATI...
 
To Study the earth's magnetic field using a tangent galvanometer Tangent galv...
To Study the earth's magnetic field using a tangent galvanometer Tangent galv...To Study the earth's magnetic field using a tangent galvanometer Tangent galv...
To Study the earth's magnetic field using a tangent galvanometer Tangent galv...
 
Physics Investigatory Project - Class 12 - Tangent Galvanometer
Physics Investigatory Project - Class 12 - Tangent GalvanometerPhysics Investigatory Project - Class 12 - Tangent Galvanometer
Physics Investigatory Project - Class 12 - Tangent Galvanometer
 
Amount of casein in milk
Amount of casein in milkAmount of casein in milk
Amount of casein in milk
 
Reproductive health- class 12 cbse
Reproductive health- class 12 cbseReproductive health- class 12 cbse
Reproductive health- class 12 cbse
 
chemistry investigatory project on food adulteration
chemistry investigatory project on food adulterationchemistry investigatory project on food adulteration
chemistry investigatory project on food adulteration
 
Physics Project for class 12 isc Junction and diode
Physics Project for class 12 isc Junction and diodePhysics Project for class 12 isc Junction and diode
Physics Project for class 12 isc Junction and diode
 
Rectifier class 12th physics investigatory project
Rectifier class 12th physics investigatory projectRectifier class 12th physics investigatory project
Rectifier class 12th physics investigatory project
 
Biology investigatory project
Biology investigatory projectBiology investigatory project
Biology investigatory project
 
Physics investigatory project on RECTIFIER
Physics investigatory project on RECTIFIERPhysics investigatory project on RECTIFIER
Physics investigatory project on RECTIFIER
 
Study of common food adulterants in fat, oil, butter, sugar, turmeric power...
Study  of common food adulterants in fat, oil, butter,  sugar, turmeric power...Study  of common food adulterants in fat, oil, butter,  sugar, turmeric power...
Study of common food adulterants in fat, oil, butter, sugar, turmeric power...
 
Physics Investigatory Project
Physics Investigatory  ProjectPhysics Investigatory  Project
Physics Investigatory Project
 
Biology investigatory project_chromosoma
Biology investigatory project_chromosomaBiology investigatory project_chromosoma
Biology investigatory project_chromosoma
 

Similar to Menstrual Cycle

Unit v physiology of mensturation
Unit v physiology of mensturationUnit v physiology of mensturation
Unit v physiology of mensturationDeepa Lashkari
 
PHYSIOLOGY OF MENSTRUATION 2015
PHYSIOLOGY OF MENSTRUATION  2015PHYSIOLOGY OF MENSTRUATION  2015
PHYSIOLOGY OF MENSTRUATION 2015Ayat masoud
 
Ovary: Structure and hormonal regulation
Ovary: Structure and hormonal regulationOvary: Structure and hormonal regulation
Ovary: Structure and hormonal regulationN K Agarwal
 
Physiology of Menstrual Cycle.
Physiology of Menstrual Cycle.Physiology of Menstrual Cycle.
Physiology of Menstrual Cycle.FreeMedicine
 
group_3_physiology1...._12.pptx
group_3_physiology1...._12.pptxgroup_3_physiology1...._12.pptx
group_3_physiology1...._12.pptxAshenafiKochare
 
BIOLOGY INVESTIGATORY PROJECT CLASS 12TH.docx
BIOLOGY INVESTIGATORY PROJECT CLASS 12TH.docxBIOLOGY INVESTIGATORY PROJECT CLASS 12TH.docx
BIOLOGY INVESTIGATORY PROJECT CLASS 12TH.docxShubhadarshiniSingh1
 
menstrual cycle [Autosaved]-2 (5).pptx
menstrual cycle [Autosaved]-2 (5).pptxmenstrual cycle [Autosaved]-2 (5).pptx
menstrual cycle [Autosaved]-2 (5).pptxTeonaMacharashvili
 
MENSTRUAL HEALTH & HYGIENE PPT DR SUJIT KUMR MD
MENSTRUAL HEALTH & HYGIENE PPT DR SUJIT KUMR MDMENSTRUAL HEALTH & HYGIENE PPT DR SUJIT KUMR MD
MENSTRUAL HEALTH & HYGIENE PPT DR SUJIT KUMR MDDR. SUJIT KUMAR
 
Reproductive endocrinology of ovulation
Reproductive endocrinology of ovulationReproductive endocrinology of ovulation
Reproductive endocrinology of ovulationDr Aditya Keya
 
menstrual cycle- Anju.pptx
menstrual cycle- Anju.pptxmenstrual cycle- Anju.pptx
menstrual cycle- Anju.pptxAnju Kumawat
 
menstrual cycle.pptx
menstrual cycle.pptxmenstrual cycle.pptx
menstrual cycle.pptxAnju Kumawat
 
Physiology of menstrual cycle
Physiology of menstrual cyclePhysiology of menstrual cycle
Physiology of menstrual cycleSAKSHIKHACHI1
 

Similar to Menstrual Cycle (20)

Unit v physiology of mensturation
Unit v physiology of mensturationUnit v physiology of mensturation
Unit v physiology of mensturation
 
PHYSIOLOGY OF MENSTRUATION 2015
PHYSIOLOGY OF MENSTRUATION  2015PHYSIOLOGY OF MENSTRUATION  2015
PHYSIOLOGY OF MENSTRUATION 2015
 
Ovary: Structure and hormonal regulation
Ovary: Structure and hormonal regulationOvary: Structure and hormonal regulation
Ovary: Structure and hormonal regulation
 
Menstrual cycle
Menstrual cycleMenstrual cycle
Menstrual cycle
 
$$ MENSTRUAL CYCLE $$
$$ MENSTRUAL CYCLE $$$$ MENSTRUAL CYCLE $$
$$ MENSTRUAL CYCLE $$
 
Menstrual cycle
Menstrual cycleMenstrual cycle
Menstrual cycle
 
Physiology of Menstrual Cycle.
Physiology of Menstrual Cycle.Physiology of Menstrual Cycle.
Physiology of Menstrual Cycle.
 
group_3_physiology1...._12.pptx
group_3_physiology1...._12.pptxgroup_3_physiology1...._12.pptx
group_3_physiology1...._12.pptx
 
Menstural cycle-1.pptx
Menstural cycle-1.pptxMenstural cycle-1.pptx
Menstural cycle-1.pptx
 
BIOLOGY INVESTIGATORY PROJECT CLASS 12TH.docx
BIOLOGY INVESTIGATORY PROJECT CLASS 12TH.docxBIOLOGY INVESTIGATORY PROJECT CLASS 12TH.docx
BIOLOGY INVESTIGATORY PROJECT CLASS 12TH.docx
 
menstrual cycle [Autosaved]-2 (5).pptx
menstrual cycle [Autosaved]-2 (5).pptxmenstrual cycle [Autosaved]-2 (5).pptx
menstrual cycle [Autosaved]-2 (5).pptx
 
MENSTRUAL HEALTH & HYGIENE PPT DR SUJIT KUMR MD
MENSTRUAL HEALTH & HYGIENE PPT DR SUJIT KUMR MDMENSTRUAL HEALTH & HYGIENE PPT DR SUJIT KUMR MD
MENSTRUAL HEALTH & HYGIENE PPT DR SUJIT KUMR MD
 
Reproductive endocrinology of ovulation
Reproductive endocrinology of ovulationReproductive endocrinology of ovulation
Reproductive endocrinology of ovulation
 
menstrual cycle- Anju.pptx
menstrual cycle- Anju.pptxmenstrual cycle- Anju.pptx
menstrual cycle- Anju.pptx
 
Menstrual cycle
Menstrual cycleMenstrual cycle
Menstrual cycle
 
Menstrual cycle
Menstrual cycleMenstrual cycle
Menstrual cycle
 
Cycle
CycleCycle
Cycle
 
The menstrual cycle
The menstrual cycleThe menstrual cycle
The menstrual cycle
 
menstrual cycle.pptx
menstrual cycle.pptxmenstrual cycle.pptx
menstrual cycle.pptx
 
Physiology of menstrual cycle
Physiology of menstrual cyclePhysiology of menstrual cycle
Physiology of menstrual cycle
 

Recently uploaded

Patient Counselling. Definition of patient counseling; steps involved in pati...
Patient Counselling. Definition of patient counseling; steps involved in pati...Patient Counselling. Definition of patient counseling; steps involved in pati...
Patient Counselling. Definition of patient counseling; steps involved in pati...raviapr7
 
NOTES OF DRUGS ACTING ON NERVOUS SYSTEM .pdf
NOTES OF DRUGS ACTING ON NERVOUS SYSTEM .pdfNOTES OF DRUGS ACTING ON NERVOUS SYSTEM .pdf
NOTES OF DRUGS ACTING ON NERVOUS SYSTEM .pdfSumit Tiwari
 
UKCGE Parental Leave Discussion March 2024
UKCGE Parental Leave Discussion March 2024UKCGE Parental Leave Discussion March 2024
UKCGE Parental Leave Discussion March 2024UKCGE
 
Practical Research 1: Lesson 8 Writing the Thesis Statement.pptx
Practical Research 1: Lesson 8 Writing the Thesis Statement.pptxPractical Research 1: Lesson 8 Writing the Thesis Statement.pptx
Practical Research 1: Lesson 8 Writing the Thesis Statement.pptxKatherine Villaluna
 
How to Filter Blank Lines in Odoo 17 Accounting
How to Filter Blank Lines in Odoo 17 AccountingHow to Filter Blank Lines in Odoo 17 Accounting
How to Filter Blank Lines in Odoo 17 AccountingCeline George
 
2024.03.23 What do successful readers do - Sandy Millin for PARK.pptx
2024.03.23 What do successful readers do - Sandy Millin for PARK.pptx2024.03.23 What do successful readers do - Sandy Millin for PARK.pptx
2024.03.23 What do successful readers do - Sandy Millin for PARK.pptxSandy Millin
 
AUDIENCE THEORY -- FANDOM -- JENKINS.pptx
AUDIENCE THEORY -- FANDOM -- JENKINS.pptxAUDIENCE THEORY -- FANDOM -- JENKINS.pptx
AUDIENCE THEORY -- FANDOM -- JENKINS.pptxiammrhaywood
 
In - Vivo and In - Vitro Correlation.pptx
In - Vivo and In - Vitro Correlation.pptxIn - Vivo and In - Vitro Correlation.pptx
In - Vivo and In - Vitro Correlation.pptxAditiChauhan701637
 
How to Add a many2many Relational Field in Odoo 17
How to Add a many2many Relational Field in Odoo 17How to Add a many2many Relational Field in Odoo 17
How to Add a many2many Relational Field in Odoo 17Celine George
 
What is the Future of QuickBooks DeskTop?
What is the Future of QuickBooks DeskTop?What is the Future of QuickBooks DeskTop?
What is the Future of QuickBooks DeskTop?TechSoup
 
M-2- General Reactions of amino acids.pptx
M-2- General Reactions of amino acids.pptxM-2- General Reactions of amino acids.pptx
M-2- General Reactions of amino acids.pptxDr. Santhosh Kumar. N
 
How to Show Error_Warning Messages in Odoo 17
How to Show Error_Warning Messages in Odoo 17How to Show Error_Warning Messages in Odoo 17
How to Show Error_Warning Messages in Odoo 17Celine George
 
P4C x ELT = P4ELT: Its Theoretical Background (Kanazawa, 2024 March).pdf
P4C x ELT = P4ELT: Its Theoretical Background (Kanazawa, 2024 March).pdfP4C x ELT = P4ELT: Its Theoretical Background (Kanazawa, 2024 March).pdf
P4C x ELT = P4ELT: Its Theoretical Background (Kanazawa, 2024 March).pdfYu Kanazawa / Osaka University
 
Presentation on the Basics of Writing. Writing a Paragraph
Presentation on the Basics of Writing. Writing a ParagraphPresentation on the Basics of Writing. Writing a Paragraph
Presentation on the Basics of Writing. Writing a ParagraphNetziValdelomar1
 
General views of Histopathology and step
General views of Histopathology and stepGeneral views of Histopathology and step
General views of Histopathology and stepobaje godwin sunday
 
CapTechU Doctoral Presentation -March 2024 slides.pptx
CapTechU Doctoral Presentation -March 2024 slides.pptxCapTechU Doctoral Presentation -March 2024 slides.pptx
CapTechU Doctoral Presentation -March 2024 slides.pptxCapitolTechU
 
Clinical Pharmacy Introduction to Clinical Pharmacy, Concept of clinical pptx
Clinical Pharmacy  Introduction to Clinical Pharmacy, Concept of clinical pptxClinical Pharmacy  Introduction to Clinical Pharmacy, Concept of clinical pptx
Clinical Pharmacy Introduction to Clinical Pharmacy, Concept of clinical pptxraviapr7
 

Recently uploaded (20)

Patient Counselling. Definition of patient counseling; steps involved in pati...
Patient Counselling. Definition of patient counseling; steps involved in pati...Patient Counselling. Definition of patient counseling; steps involved in pati...
Patient Counselling. Definition of patient counseling; steps involved in pati...
 
NOTES OF DRUGS ACTING ON NERVOUS SYSTEM .pdf
NOTES OF DRUGS ACTING ON NERVOUS SYSTEM .pdfNOTES OF DRUGS ACTING ON NERVOUS SYSTEM .pdf
NOTES OF DRUGS ACTING ON NERVOUS SYSTEM .pdf
 
UKCGE Parental Leave Discussion March 2024
UKCGE Parental Leave Discussion March 2024UKCGE Parental Leave Discussion March 2024
UKCGE Parental Leave Discussion March 2024
 
Practical Research 1: Lesson 8 Writing the Thesis Statement.pptx
Practical Research 1: Lesson 8 Writing the Thesis Statement.pptxPractical Research 1: Lesson 8 Writing the Thesis Statement.pptx
Practical Research 1: Lesson 8 Writing the Thesis Statement.pptx
 
How to Filter Blank Lines in Odoo 17 Accounting
How to Filter Blank Lines in Odoo 17 AccountingHow to Filter Blank Lines in Odoo 17 Accounting
How to Filter Blank Lines in Odoo 17 Accounting
 
2024.03.23 What do successful readers do - Sandy Millin for PARK.pptx
2024.03.23 What do successful readers do - Sandy Millin for PARK.pptx2024.03.23 What do successful readers do - Sandy Millin for PARK.pptx
2024.03.23 What do successful readers do - Sandy Millin for PARK.pptx
 
AUDIENCE THEORY -- FANDOM -- JENKINS.pptx
AUDIENCE THEORY -- FANDOM -- JENKINS.pptxAUDIENCE THEORY -- FANDOM -- JENKINS.pptx
AUDIENCE THEORY -- FANDOM -- JENKINS.pptx
 
Prelims of Kant get Marx 2.0: a general politics quiz
Prelims of Kant get Marx 2.0: a general politics quizPrelims of Kant get Marx 2.0: a general politics quiz
Prelims of Kant get Marx 2.0: a general politics quiz
 
In - Vivo and In - Vitro Correlation.pptx
In - Vivo and In - Vitro Correlation.pptxIn - Vivo and In - Vitro Correlation.pptx
In - Vivo and In - Vitro Correlation.pptx
 
How to Add a many2many Relational Field in Odoo 17
How to Add a many2many Relational Field in Odoo 17How to Add a many2many Relational Field in Odoo 17
How to Add a many2many Relational Field in Odoo 17
 
What is the Future of QuickBooks DeskTop?
What is the Future of QuickBooks DeskTop?What is the Future of QuickBooks DeskTop?
What is the Future of QuickBooks DeskTop?
 
M-2- General Reactions of amino acids.pptx
M-2- General Reactions of amino acids.pptxM-2- General Reactions of amino acids.pptx
M-2- General Reactions of amino acids.pptx
 
How to Show Error_Warning Messages in Odoo 17
How to Show Error_Warning Messages in Odoo 17How to Show Error_Warning Messages in Odoo 17
How to Show Error_Warning Messages in Odoo 17
 
Personal Resilience in Project Management 2 - TV Edit 1a.pdf
Personal Resilience in Project Management 2 - TV Edit 1a.pdfPersonal Resilience in Project Management 2 - TV Edit 1a.pdf
Personal Resilience in Project Management 2 - TV Edit 1a.pdf
 
P4C x ELT = P4ELT: Its Theoretical Background (Kanazawa, 2024 March).pdf
P4C x ELT = P4ELT: Its Theoretical Background (Kanazawa, 2024 March).pdfP4C x ELT = P4ELT: Its Theoretical Background (Kanazawa, 2024 March).pdf
P4C x ELT = P4ELT: Its Theoretical Background (Kanazawa, 2024 March).pdf
 
Presentation on the Basics of Writing. Writing a Paragraph
Presentation on the Basics of Writing. Writing a ParagraphPresentation on the Basics of Writing. Writing a Paragraph
Presentation on the Basics of Writing. Writing a Paragraph
 
General views of Histopathology and step
General views of Histopathology and stepGeneral views of Histopathology and step
General views of Histopathology and step
 
Finals of Kant get Marx 2.0 : a general politics quiz
Finals of Kant get Marx 2.0 : a general politics quizFinals of Kant get Marx 2.0 : a general politics quiz
Finals of Kant get Marx 2.0 : a general politics quiz
 
CapTechU Doctoral Presentation -March 2024 slides.pptx
CapTechU Doctoral Presentation -March 2024 slides.pptxCapTechU Doctoral Presentation -March 2024 slides.pptx
CapTechU Doctoral Presentation -March 2024 slides.pptx
 
Clinical Pharmacy Introduction to Clinical Pharmacy, Concept of clinical pptx
Clinical Pharmacy  Introduction to Clinical Pharmacy, Concept of clinical pptxClinical Pharmacy  Introduction to Clinical Pharmacy, Concept of clinical pptx
Clinical Pharmacy Introduction to Clinical Pharmacy, Concept of clinical pptx
 

Menstrual Cycle

  • 1. Project - Menstrual Cycle Submitted to: Submitted by: Miss Jyotsana Name: Vishwanjali gupta Class: 12th (Medical) Roll No: 48
  • 2. MENSTRUATION CYCLE 2 Acknowledgement I am Vishwanjali Gupta studied in Tagore Academy Public School pursuing 12th (medical). I would like to express my special thanks of gratitude to my Biology Teacher (Miss Jyotsana) who gave me the golden opportunity to do this wonderful project on the Topic MENSTRUAL CYCLE, which also helped me in doing a lot of Research and I came to know about so many new things I am really thankful to her.
  • 3. INDEX Sno Topic P. no 1 Reproductive Cycle 4 2 Menstrual Cycle 5 3 Hormones 6 4 Phases Of Menstrual Cycle 7 5 Duration of different phases 8 6 Menstruation 9 7 Follicular Phase 10 8 Ovulation 11 9 Luteal Phase 12 10 Events Of Menstrual Cycle 13 11 Hormonal Levels During Different Phase 14 12 SignsOf Menstruation 15 13 Menarch& Menopause 16 14 Menstrual Cycle Disorder 17 15 Menstrual Taboos 18 16 Bibliography 20
  • 4. MENSTRUATION CYCLE 4 REPRODUCTIVE CYCLE The female of placental mammals exhibit cyclical changes in the activities of ovaries and accessory ducts as well as hormones during the reproductive phase known as reproductive cycle. There are two types which are as follows 1.Oestrus cycle:This cycle occur in non-primate which are cow, rat etc. 2.Menstrual cycle:This cycle occur in primates which are apes and human being.
  • 5. MENSTRUAL CYCLE Definition:Menstrual cycle refers to the cyclical changes in the activities of ovaries and accessory ducts as well as hormones in female primate mammals during the reproductive phase.  In human female,menstruation is repeated at an average interval of about 28-29 days.  The cycle of events from one menstruation till the next one is known as menstrual cycle.
  • 6. MENSTRUATION CYCLE 6 Hormones 1. Anterior Pituitary Hormone I. Luteinizing Hormone (LH) II. Follicle Stimulating Hormone (FSH) 2. Ovarian Hormones I. Estrogen II. Progesterone Hormones And Their Functions
  • 7. PHASES OF MENSTRUAL CYCLE Changes in the level of Anterior pituitary hormone and Ovarian hormones induces changes in ovary and uterus results in different phases Menstrual cycle can be divided into 3 phases: 1. Menstrual Phase 2. Follicular (Estrogen) Phase 3. Ovulation 4. Luteal (Progesterone) Phase
  • 8. MENSTRUATION CYCLE 8 Duration Of Menstrual Cycle Events DuringMenstruation Cycle PhaseOf Menstrual Cycle Average Start And End Day Menstrual Phase 1-4 Proliferative Phase 5-13 Ovulation 13-16 Secretory Phase 16-28
  • 9. MENSTRUAL PHASE • Menstrual cycle starts with menstrual phase. • Menstruation  Menstrual bleeding, menses, period.  Discharge of bloody fluid containing endometrial cells, glandular secretions and blood cells.  Due to breakdown of endometrial lining of uterus and its blood vessels.  Result of the previous menstrual cycle.  Due to strong vasoconstriction and proteolytic activity, functional stratum of endometrial tissue dies and is discharged during menstrual bleeding.  It last for 3-5 days. • Endometrium becomes very thin, but due to low estrogen levels, hypophysis secretes more FSH. • FSH stimulates secretion of estrogen, and estrogen serves as proliferation signal to the endometrial basal layer.
  • 10. MENSTRUATION CYCLE 10 FOLLICULAR PHASE • Due to the rise of follicle stimulating hormone (FSH) during the first days of the cycle, several ovarian follicles are stimulated. • Follicles compete with each other for development. • Follicle mature intoGraafian Follicle. • As they mature, the follicles secrete increasing amounts of estrogen, which thickens the new functional layer of endometrium in the uterus. • As in this phase endometrium regenerate through proliferation this phase is also known asProliferative Phase. • Estrogen also stimulates crypts in the cervix to produce fertile cervical mucus. • At the end of this phase ovulation occurs.
  • 11. OVULATION • During the Follicular Phase, estrogen suppresses production of Luteinizing Hormone (LH) from the pituitary gland. • When the ovum has nearly matured, levels of estrogen reach a threshold above which they stimulate production of LH (positive feedback loop). • Both LH and FSH attains a peak value called LH Surge. • The release of LH matures the ovum and weakens the wall of the follicle in the ovary, causing graffian follicle ruptures and release of ovum. • After being released from the ovary, the ovum is swept into the fallopian tube.
  • 12. MENSTRUATION CYCLE 12 LUTEAL PHASE • Graffian Follicle transform as Corpus Luteum. • Corpus Luteum: solid body formed in an ovary, after ovulation. • Corpus luteum secrete significant amounts of progesterone, which plays a vital role in making the endometrium receptive to implantation of the blastocyst. • High levels of Estrogen and Progesterone suppress production of FSH and LH that the corpus luteum needs to maintain itself. • In absence of fertilisation , corpus luteum degenerate . • Falling levels of progesterone disgenerate endometrium lining, trigger menstruation and the beginning of the next cycle.
  • 15. Sign Of Mensturalation Cycle A Woman May Experience :  Fluid Retention  Cramping  Mood Swings  Weight Gain  Breast Tenderness  Diarrhea  Constipation
  • 16. MENSTRUATION CYCLE 16 Menarche & Menopause Menarche: A woman's first menstruation. Typically occurs around age 12. Occurrence depends on overall health and diet. Menopause: End of a woman's reproductive phase, Commonly occurs between ages 45 and 55 Age of menopause is largely the result of genetics.
  • 17. Menstruation Cycle Disorder 1.Menorrhagia:Excess uterine bleeding, prolonged 7 days. 2.DUB: Excess,prolonged,frequent bleeding. 3.Oligomenorrhea: Uterine bleeding occur at interval 35 days and 6 months. 4.Amenorrhea: No menses for at least 6 months. 5.Anovulation:Anovulation is the failure of the ovary to release ova over a period of time generally exceeding 3 months.
  • 18. MENSTRUATION CYCLE 18 Menstrual Taboo A Menstrual Taboo is any social taboo concerned with Menstruation. In some societies it involves menstruation being perceived as unclean or embarrassing, extending even to the mention of menstruation both • In public (in the media and advertising) • In private (amongst the friends, in the household, and with men). Social Behavior with Women during Menstruation Cycle as follows: Many traditional religions consider menstruation ritually unclean. Women and girls are not allowed to enter temples, or take part in many religious functions while menstruation. Women are also supposed to keep away from sacred objects even in their own homes. Women are unclean for seven days (Leviticus 12). A women had to 'purify' herself after she finished menstruating. Women were forbidden from even entering in kitchen during menstruating days.  She had to depend on somebody even to take a drinking water from vessel as it was believed that her touch might pollute that water.
  • 19. Womanhood is a gift from nature to females and they should cherish it and feel proud about it, shame or guilt should not be associated with any gender. This practice of seclusion of women in this way due to some biological processes associated with their gender should stop. We all should know that this is totally wrong and it is our duty to stop it. Let's show some courage to eradicate this practice, let's confront these things wherever we see them and let’s start this from our own homes.