Christology is the study of Jesus Christ, specifically focusing on his divine and human natures. There are different approaches to Christology, including ontological which sees Jesus as fully human and divine, functional which studies Jesus' role in salvation, and historical which investigates the historical human Jesus. Christology can also be studied from above, starting with Jesus' divinity, or from below, starting from human experience. Several early writers like Tacitus, Pliny and Josephus documented Jesus historically. The four gospels of Matthew, Mark, Luke and John provide religious narratives of Jesus' life and teachings.

2. Christology
-Comes from Greek word “Christos”
means “Messiah or the Anointed one”
and “logos” means study.
- Study of Jesus viewed as the Messiah,
which focus in his nature, teachings and
actions of Christ who is considered as
both fully human and divine.

3. Approaches to Christology
Ontological Christology- “onto” means “being”; Jesus
is fully human and divine in person.]
Functional Christology- study of work of Jesus
achieved in plan of salvation.
Historical Christology- investigates facts & evidences
of historical human Jesus. It also includes the words
(teachings) and works (miracles).
Dogmatic Christology- according to teachings,
doctrines, dogma of Catholic Church.
Christology from Below ( Ascending Christology)
Starting from the point of human experience and
associates with Church doctrine.
Christology from Above ( Descending Christology)
Starting with the study of Jesus divinity and preached
by church.

4. CHAPTER 1
* Roman writers
Cornelius Tacitus
Pliny the Younger
Suetonius
Lucian of Samosata
* Jewish writers
Flavius Josephus
Mishnah

5. CHAPTER 2
Gospel - “ godspell” which literally means good news. It
is a religious message & source of faith.
3 stages in formation of the gospels
1. Jesus and his disciples
Foundational stage- gospels are deeply rooted to their
meaning and purpose.
2. Disciples and early Christians
Kerygma- proclamation of their faith to the risen
Christ.Stage of preaching and oral tradition.
3. Early Christians and its Evangelists
Evangelist- are the one who announces good news and
also are Gospel writers.
Reasons:
Cathechism for the members of the Christian
Communities
Preservation and Preparation for the future generation
Christians.

6. 4 Gospels (canonical gospels)
Mark
-talks about the identity of Jesus as
Messiah
Matthew
-interpretation of Law
-( Messiah in word and deed)
Luke
-Suffering servant Messiah
John
- talks about the Love of God for us

7. CHAPTER 3
Christmas- person-centered
celebration; Birth of Jesus
Fulfillment of the Prophecy
1. Mary and Joseph are
Jesus’ legitimate
parents.
2. Mary’s Virginity- divine
maternity ( holy spirit)
3. Yeshua- means “ Yahweh
helps and God saves”

8. CHAPTER 4
The Jewish Province
Galilee- center of agriculture and trade.
1. Tiberias- capital city of Galilee.
2. Caesarea Philippi
- northernmost town in Palestine.
3. Nazareth
- simple guard post of the Romans.
4. Capernaum
- village of Nahum
5. Bethsaida
- house of fishing
6. Cana
- wedding feast
7. Sepphoris
- capital province of Galilee.

9. Samaria
- highly discriminated groups in Palestine
(unclean)
* Mt. Gerizim- sacred place.
Judea
-return of the Exiles from Babylon.
1. Jerusalem ( economic strength)
-most important city in Palestine
2. Emmaus
- apparition of the risen Christ.
3. Arimathea
4. Bethany
5. Jericho
6. Qumran
7. Bethlehem
The Non-Jewish Province
* Idumea
* Decapolis

10. CHAPTER 5
The Contemporaries of Jesus: Groups and
Factions
Internal to Judaism
*Sanhedrin- it is the highest jewish
council; religious in nature not political.
*Highest priest
-it is the head of the powerful Sanhedrin.
*Sadducees
-comes from “ Zadok, Solomon’s priest
*Pharisees- the laymen
* Scribes- they are persons who acquire
professional ability I reading and writing.

11. External to Judaism
Essenes
-group who looked at the corrupt priests.
Baptists
- are those who baptized people.
Political Factions
Roman Empire
Zealots
Herodians
The leasts, outcasts and sick
The poor, Women, Public sinners

12. Temple
- is central to the conduct
Jewish faith because it is a
place of prayer, worship
and offering.
Synagogue
- place of meeting; it is
intended for education
and instruction.

13. CHAPTER 6
The 3 Temptations of Jesus
The 1st temptation:
“If You are the Son of God, command that these stones become bread.”
He said: “It is written, ‘Man shall not live by bread alone, but by every word that
proceeds from the mouth of God.’” quoting Deuteronomy 8:1-3.
The 2nd Temptation: “If You are the Son of God, throw Yourself down. For it is written:
‘He shall give His angels charge over you,’ and, ‘In their hands they shall bear you up,
lest you dash your foot against a stone.’”
He said: “It is written again, ‘You shall not tempt the Lord your God.’”
The 3rd Temptation:
“All these things I will give you, if you will fall down and worship me.”
He said: Be gone Satan! For it is written that you shall worship your God and him only
you shall serve.

14. Elements of Discipleship
1. Initiative or invitation
2. Voluntary consent
3. Low qualifications
4. Fellowship

15. THE 12 APOSTLES AT LAST SUPPER

16. 12 Apostles of Jesus
1. Simon Peter- son of John
2. James, Son of Zebedee- son of thunder
3. John, Brother of James- beloved disciple
4. Andrew- founder of 1st bishop of the Church (fisher folk)
5. Philip- lover of horses
6. Bartholomew-witness of ascension
7. Matthew, tax collector- witness resurrection and ascension
8. Thomas- Doubting, disbelieving Jesus.
9. James, Son of Alphaeus- James the less
10. Thaddeus- Jude of James
11. Simon the Cananaean- Simon the Zealot
12. Judas Iscariot- the one who betray Jesus, Kiss of Judas
13. Matthatias- replacement of Judas

17. CHAPTER 7
Parables
-“parabole” means putting two
things side by side to compare
them.
Beatitudes
-exclaimation of congratulations and
state of happiness

18. THE EIGHT BEATITUDES OF JESUS
Blessed are the poor in spirit, for theirs is the kingdom of
heaven.
Blessed are they who mourn, for they shall be
comforted.
Blessed are the meek, for they shall inherit the earth.
Blessed are they who hunger and thirst for
righteousness,for they shall be satisfied.
Blessed are the merciful, for they shall obtain mercy.
Blessed are the pure of heart, for they shall see God.
Blessed are the peacemakers, for they shall be called
children of God.
Blessed are they who are persecuted for the sake of
righteousness,
for theirs is the kingdom of heaven.“
Gospel of St. Matthew 5:3-10

19. CHAPTER 8
Variety of Jesus Miracles
Healing Miracles
Exorcisms
Restoration of Life
Nature miracles
Conflicts of Religious activities
Healing of the Paralytic man
Forgiveness of sins
The call of Levi
Question about fasting
Work on Sabbath
Healing on Sabbath
3 types of poverty
Poverty of Destitution
Poverty of Spirit
Evangelical Poverty

20. CHAPTER 9
FINAL DAYS OF JESUS
Last supper
Agony in the Garden
Accusations against Jesus
Religious Accusations
Violation of Sabbath law
Intending to destroy the temple
Granting forgiveness of sins
Claiming as the son of God
Political Accusations
Refusal to pay tribute to Caesar
Claiming to be the King
Inciting People to Revolt (sedition)
Crucifixion- great fear & horror ( Mt. Golgotha)
God’s unconditional Love
( Suffering Servant Messiah)

21. Chapter 10
Heresies on the Divinity of Jesus
Apollinarian- human body & soul but not in mind.
Arianism
-denial of divinity & subsequently the Holy Spirit.
Nestorianism
-Jesus is divine, but Mry is not his Mother.
Adoptionists
-Jesus is adopted son.
Cerithians- God is the creator of the World.
Gnosticism
- special knowledge necessary for salvation.
Docetism- Jesus have no real body.

22. Christological Councils
Council of Jerusalem
- first council made by apostles
Council of Chalcedon
- Jesus is human and divine in nature.
Council of Epheus
- Mary was the Mother of Jesus.
Council of Nicaea
- first general council of Christianity
Council of Constantinople
- denied the divinity of Jesus.

23. Titles of Jesus:
Christ( Messiah)
-the anointed one.
Lord ( Kyrios)
-Jesus is Divine; he is God.
Son of Man
-suffering servant
Son of God
-unique son who is divine.
Prophet, Priest, King
- testifier of the truth.