4. Post cardiac arrest hypothermia
G2010
Comatose (ie, lack of meaningful response to verbal
commands) adult patients with ROSC after out-of-hospital
VF cardiac arrest should be cooled to 32°C to
34°C(89.6°F to 93.2°F) for 12 to 24 hours (Class I, LOE
B)
Induced hypothermia also may be considered for comatose
adult patients with ROSC after in-hospital cardiac arrest of
any initial rhythm or after out-of-hospital cardiac arrest with
an initial rhythm of pulseless electric activity or asystole
(Class IIb, LOE B)
12. 低体温療法Resuscitation の56 冷(2003) 9 却/13
導入方法
www.elsevier.com/locate/resuscitation
Induced hypothermia using largevolume, ice-cold intravenous fluid in
comatose survivors of out-of-hospital cardiac arrest:
a preliminary report
Stephen Bernard a,b, , Michael Buist a, Orlando Monteiro a, Karen Smith b
aThe Intensive Care Unit, Dandenong Hospital, David St, Dandenong, Victoria 3175, Australia
b Department of Epidemiology and Preventive Medicine, Monash University, St Kilda Rd, Prahran 3181, Victoria, Australia
Received 1 July 2002; accepted 26 July 2002
Abstract
Resuscitation 2003;56:9-13
4°Cに冷却した細胞外液30ml/kg急速投
与
Study hypothesis: Recent studies have shown that induced hypothermia for twelve to twenty four hours improves outcome in
patients who are resuscitated from out-of-hospital cardiac arrest. These studies used surface cooling, but this technique provided for
relatively slow decreases in core temperature. Results from animal models suggest that further improvements in outcome may be
possible if hypothermia is induced earlier after resuscitation from cardiac arrest. We hypothesized that a rapid infusion of large
volume(30ml/kg), ice-cold (4 8C) intravenous fluid would bea safe, rapid and inexpensivetechnique to inducemild hypothermia in
comatose survivors of out-of-hospital cardiac arrest. Methods: Weenrolled 22 patients who were comatose following resuscitation
ice-cold
from out-of-hospital cardiac arrest. After initial evaluation in the Emergency Department (ED), a large volume (30 ml/kg) of (4 8C) lactated Ringers solution was infused intravenously over 30 min. Data on vital signs, arterial blood gas, electrolyte and
hematological was collected immediately before and after the infusion. Results: The rapid infusion of large volume, ice-cold
crystalloid 35.5℃→fluid resulted in a significant 33.8℃ decrease in median (-1.7℃) core temperature from 35.5 (p<to 33.8 0.001)
8C. There were also significant
improvements in mean arterial blood pressure, renal function and acid /base analysis. No patient developed pulmonary odema.
Conclusion: A rapid infusion of large volume, ice-cold crystalloid fluid is an inexpensive and effective method of inducing mild
hypothermia in comatose survivors of out-of-hospital cardiac arrest, and is associated with beneficial haemodynamic, renal and
acid base effects. Further studies of this technique are warranted.
17. A randomized controlled trial comparing the Arctic Sun
to standard cooling for induction of hypothermia after
cardiac arrest.
Heard KJ, Peberdy MA, Sayre MR, Sanders A, Geocadin RG, Dixon SR, Larabee TM, Hiller K, Fiorello A, Paradis
NA, O'Neil BJ . Resuscitation 2010; 81 :9–14.
Arctic Sun 190分vs ブランケット244分(p<0.01)
過冷却(32℃以下)も3% vs 28%
神経学的予後は有意差無し
Arctic Sunは迅速な冷却および安定した体温管理ができる!
39. There is great variability in the protocols for used
anesthesia and analgesia during therapeutic
hypothermia. Very often, the drug and the dose
used do not seem to the most appropriate.
いろいろな鎮静が見られるけど・・・・
大概は不十分じゃない?
40. SCCMにおける筋弛緩薬の位置付け
These agents control the muscular symptoms of
shivering, but their use normally is reserved as a
last therapeutic option.
Society of Critical Care Medicine; Aug 2008
41. SCCMにおける筋弛緩薬の位置付け
These agents control the muscular symptoms of
shivering, but their use normally is reserved as a
last therapeutic option.
Society of Critical Care Medicine; Aug 2008
43. 筋弛緩薬の特徴
When Should Sedation or Neuromuscular Blockade
Be Used During Mechanical Ventilation?
Suzanne Bennett MD and William E Hurford MD
Introduction
The Triad of Agitation
利点
Pain
酸素消費量を減Anxiety
らす
Delirium
胸郭のコンプライアンスの改善
ファイティングの防止
炎症性サイトカインの減少
シバリングのコントロール
Deep Sedation and Anesthesia
Neuromuscular Blocking Agents
Summary
Respir Care 2011;56(2):168 –176.
欠点
無気肺の出現
横隔膜の挙上
肺胞の虚脱
Sedation has become an important part of critical care practice in minimizing patient discomfort
and agitation during mechanical ventilation. Pain, anxiety, and delirium form a triad of factors that
can lead to agitation. Achieving and maintaining an optimal level of comfort and safety in the
intensive care unit plays an essential part in caring for critically ill patients. Sedatives, opioids, and
neuromuscular blocking agents are commonly used in the intensive care unit. The goal of therapy
should be directed toward a specific indication, not simply to provide restraint. Standard rating
scales and unit-based guidelines facilitate the proper use of sedation and neuromuscular blocking
53. A prospective, multicenter pilot study to evaluate the feasibility and
safety of using the CoolGardTM System and IcyTM catheter
following cardiac arrest
Al-Senani FM, Graffagnino C, Grotta JC, Saiki R, Wood D, Chung W, Palmer G, Collins KA. Resuscitation 2004; 62:
143–150.
目標温度までの平均219分で到達
合併症は少ない(ただし13例のみのエントリーである)
54. Comparison of cooling methods to induce and maintain normo
and hypothermia in intensive care unit patients: a prospective
intervention study
Cornelia W Hoedemaekers*, Mustapha Ezzahti, Aico Gerritsen and Johannes G van der Hoeven. Critical Care
2007; 11: No 4
BR: クールウォーターブランケット
CC: 空気冷却
AS: Arctic Sun
CG: サーモガード血管内冷却は速度,温度維持において優れる!
58. This study demonstrated that midazolam
metabolism is reduced by mild short
duration of hypothermia in normal healthy
volunteers. These results provided the
basis for estimating changes in midazolam
clearance under mild hypothermic
conditions.
Midazolamは低体温時には血中濃度が上昇する
Hostler et al. ; Drug Metabolism and Disposition:38:781–788, 2010
66. You do not have access to the content that you r equested. Please review your options for gaining access at the bottom of the
page.
Regional cerebral oxygen saturation after cardiac arrest in 60
patients—A prospective outcome study
C. Storm C. Leithner A. Krannich A. Wutzler C.J. Ploner L. Trenkmann S. von Rheinbarben T. Schroeder F. Luckenbach
J. Nee
, , , , , , , , ,
Received: July 16, 2013; Received in revised form: April 15, 2014; Accepted: April 17, 2014; Published Online: April 30, 2014
DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.resuscitation.2014.04.021
60例のPCAS
復温までのICU管理中のrSO2測定
Abstract Full Text Images References
Abstract
予後良好例のrSO2が有意に高い結果であった
Introduction
Non-invasive near-infrared spectroscopy (NIRS) offers the possibility to determine r egional cerebral oxygen saturation
(rSO 2
) 68% in patients vs with cardiac 58% arrest. p<Limited 0.01
data from recent studies indicate a potential for early pr ediction of
neurological outcome.
Methods
Sixty cardiac arrest patients were prospectively enrolled, 22 in-hospital cardiac arrest (IHCA) and 38 out-of-hospital
cardiac arrest (OHCA) C. patients Storm respectively. et al.: NIRS Resuscitation, of frontal brain was started 85(after 8), return 1037-of spontaneous 1041, circulation
2014
(ROSC) during admission to ICU and was continued until normothermia. Outcome was determined at ICU dischar ge by
the Pittsburgh Cerebral Performance Category (CPC) and 6 months after car diac arrest.