Local hormones are secreted by body tissues to act locally. Some examples include histamine, serotonin, prostaglandins, erythropoietin, and gastrointestinal hormones. Histamine increases capillary permeability and vasodilation and stimulates gastric juice secretion. Serotonin causes intestinal secretion and contraction of smooth muscles. Prostaglandins regulate blood pressure, inhibit blood clotting, mediate pain and inflammation, and cause uterine contraction during labor. Erythropoietin promotes red blood cell production and hemoglobin synthesis. Gastrointestinal hormones include gastrin, secretin, and cholecystokinin which regulate processes like gastric juice secretion, intestinal pH, bile production, and gall bladder contraction.

1. LOCAL HORMONE

2. LOCAL HORMONE
Secreted by body tissue to act
locally
1) histamine
2) serotonin
3) prostaglandins
4) erythropoietin
5) gastrointestinal hormones

3. HISTAMINE
 Hormone that chemically similar to the
hormone serotonin
 Produce by mast cells and basophils
FUNCTIONS:
 Plays a role in localized immune responses
and allergic reaction
 Increase capillary permeability and
vasodilatation
 Stimulates secretion of gastric juice

5. SEROTONIN
 Itis a neurotransmitter and primarily found
in platelet, brain and intestinal wall
FUNCTIONS:
 Causes intestinal secretion and contraction
of smooth muscles
 Blood clotting

6. PROSTAGLANDIN
 produced naturally by the body
 derived from fatty acids, such as arachidonic acid
or linoleic acid and they act as mediators
FUNCTIONS:
 Inhibit aggregation
 Regulating blood pressure
 Blood clotting
 Uterine contraction during labour
 Mediating pain and inflammation

7. ERYTHROPOIETIN
 Synthesized in the kidneys
FUNCTIONS:
 to promote the differentiation and
development of red blood cells and to
initiate the production of hemoglobin, the
molecule within red cells that transports
oxygen.

9. GASTROINTESTINAL HORMONE
1. Gastrin
2. secretin
3. Cholecystokinin (CCK)

10. GASTRIN
 Polypeptidehormone secreted by the
mucous lining of the stomach
FUNCTION:
 promote gastric juice secretion

11. SECRETIN
 it
stimulates adenylate cyclase activity and
converts ATP to cyclic AMP as it combine
with secretin receptor
 reduces acid secretion from the stomach by
inhibiting gastrin release from G cell and
helps neutralize the pH of the digestive
products entering the duodenum from the
stomach

13. CHOLECYSTOKININ
 mediates a number of physiological
processes, including digestion
 located in the small intestine
 causes the increased production of hepatic
bile
 stimulates the contraction of the gall bladder
and the relaxation of the Sphincter of Oddi