2. INTRODUCTION
Small T-shaped plastic device.
Form of birth control.
A small string hangs down into the upper part of
the vagina.
Effective for at least 12 years.
Two types:
1) Copper IUD – Lasts 10 years.
2) Hormonal IUD – Lasts 5 years.
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5. MECHANISM OF ACTION (GENERAL)
Affect the movements of eggs and sperm.
Also change the lining of the uterus and
prevent implantation.
Also creates a mild inflammation, which
prevents sperm from fertilizing eggs.
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6. MOA OF COPPER IUD
Decreases sperm motility and function.
Thickens cervical mucus.
Interferes with ability of sperm to pass through
uterine cavity.
Alters the uterine and tubal environment.
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7. MOA OF HORMONAL IUD
Delivers a very small amount of progestin
directly on the inner wall of the uterus.
The main way an IUD works is to stop sperm
reaching an egg. It does this by preventing sperm
from surviving in the cervix, uterus or fallopian
tube.
It may also work by stopping a fertilised egg
from implanting in the uterus.
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8. MERITS
Does not interrupt intercourse
No other contraceptive supplies needed
It works for 5–10 years depending on type
Your fertility returns to normal as soon as the IUD is taken out
It is not affected by other medicines
Can be inserted immediately after childbirth and while breastfeeding
Proven safe
Long lasting
Hormone free also available
Over 99% effective
Hormonal IUD decreases menstrual pain and heavy menstrual bleeding
Can be used by women who cannot use Estrogen containing birth control pills
Can be used as Emergency Contraception. To work for Emergency
Contraception, it must be inserted within about 72 hours of unprotected
intercourse
Reduces the rate of Ectopic Pregnancy
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9. DEMERITS
The copper IUD may cause your periods to become heavier and more painful.
Does not protect you from sexually transmitted infections, so use of condoms is must. If
you get an infection when an IUD is in place this could lead to a pelvic infection if it is
not treated.
Pelvic inflammatory disease (PID): The IUD itself does not increase the risk of
PID, however PID may occur if infection is present during insertion or you are
participating in sexual activity which increases your risk of a sexually transmitted
infection (STI) exposure.
An IUD in a pregnant woman increases the risk of miscarriage
Menstrual problems. The copper IUD may increase menstrual bleeding or cramps.
Vaginal dryness, flushing, headaches, nausea and acne occurs.
Perforation. IUD will get stuck in or puncture (perforate) the uterus.3
Expulsion. About 2 to 10 out of 100 IUDs are pushed out (expelled) from the uterus into
the vagina during the first year. This usually happens in the first few months of use.
The hormonal IUD may cause noncancerous (benign) growths called ovarian cysts.
Sometimes irregular and heavier bleeding with spotting occurs
Breast tenderness, mood swings, headaches, and acne occurs sometimes.
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10. APPLICATIONS
No birth control method is fool-proof – except
not having sex at all.
Most effective form of birth control available.
1 in 100 women using IUD become pregnant.
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12. REFERENCES
The American College of Obstetricians and
Gynaecologists
Alberta Government on Contraceptive Health
California State University – Northridge
USAID – United States Agency International
Development – IUD guide for family
planning, 3rd Edition
University of California – Berkeley, Patient
Information on IUD
My great search engine – GOOGLE :p
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