1. A Brief Study Of Nighantu Adarsh
Dr.Gagendra Gautam
M.D Scholar(Dravyaguna)
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2. Definition
Aupamanyu:- The lexicographical collections of vedic
work were called Nighantavah which means to
determine the meaning of the texts.
Shabdkalpdruma:-Nighantu looks beautiful/shines.
Hemchandra:-Nighantu is collection of Nouns.
Thus a glossary containing synonymous groups,the
name of drugs, plant, animals, mineral or anything
that is administered either as food /medicine to the
human body.
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3. Synonyms of Nighantu
Nirukt:- To Point out Concealed meaning of
vedas(yask)
Nirgranthi (Jain Literature):-Devoid of Knot.
Nigama:-Brings out extremely Concealed meaning.
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4. Chronological order of Nighantu
A. Ancient Period upto 7th century AD
No. Name of Nighantu Writer Period
1 Vedic Nighantu
2 Sausrutra Nighantu Sushruta 5th AD
3 Rasa Vaisesika Nagarjuna 5th AD
B.Medieval Period 8th to 15th
1 Astang nighantu Vahtacarya 8th BC
2. Paryayratnamala Indukara 9th
3 Sidhsar Nighantu Ravigupta 9th
4 Haramekhla Mahuka 10th
5 Chamatkar nighantu Rangacarya 10th
6 Madanadi nighantu Chandrnandan 10th
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8. Nighantu Adarsh
Writer :-Dr.Bapalal G. Vaidya
1st published in Gujrati language in 1928 in two
volume.
2nd edition was published in 1966.
It is translated in hindi in 1968 & published by
chaukhamba sanskrit sereies.
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9. Presentation of book
Two volume.
Volume 1 Volume 2
a.History of indian flora a.Description of medicinal plants.
b.Basic principles of dravyaguna
c.Short description of controversial
drugs
d.Difination of terms used in Bhaishajya
kalpana & Dravyaguna in hindi.
e.Description of medicinal plants.
At the end of each volume:-
1.Latin name index
2.Index of sanskrit word
3.Index of hindi & other languages word
4.Index of drugs a/c rog(diseases)
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10. Description of drugs
Introduction
Nirukt
Place of origin
Useful parts
When to collect?
Chemical composition
External features of plants
Guna
Rasa-virya-vipaka-doshghnta
Karma
Clinical usages(collection from ancient books)
Modern view
Doses
Yog/kalp (Yunani kalp also)
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11. Characteristics of Nighantu Adarsh
a.Natural order(modern classification)
b.Name of drugs:-aplicable,authentic & conformative sanskrit name.
c.Mentioned some new varga and coined the term like isphagoladi
varga,gokshuradi varga,kokenadi varga etc.
d.Drugs of allopathy, yunani & other drugs not described in ancient
literature.
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14. g.No.of varga:-126, No.of drug :-571
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Varga Properties
1.Vatsnabhadi varga
(Ranunculaceae)-6
1.Flowers- exquisite & visible.
2.Entomophilous
Eg.vatsnabh,atis,kalaunji,piyaran
ga etc.
2.Bhavyadi varga (Dilleniaceae)-1 1.Mostly in Australia
2.Medicinally not important group.
3.Swarnchampakadi varga
(Magnoliaceae)-02
1.Name based on french botanist
Piare Magnol of 17th century.
2.katu,sugandhit,grahi,balya,utez
ak,swedal,& jwarghn.
4.Sitaphaladi varga (Anonaceae)-02 1.seeds-jantughn
5.Guduchyadi varga
(Menispermaceae)- 04
1.Mainly-jwaraghn
2.Fruits-generally poisonous
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6.Daruharidradi varga
(Berberidaceae)-02
1.Berberi (alkaloid)
2.Roots and bark are virechak.
7.Kamladi varga (Nymphoeaceae)-02 1.shital,poustic mutral and swedal.
8.Ahiphenadi varga
(Papaveraceae)-02
1.vishrup,madak
,grahi,nidrajanak.
9.Parpatadi varga (Fumariaceae)-01 1.Balya and rasayana
10.Rajikadi varga (Cruciferae)-09 1.Volatile oil
11.Kariradi varga (Capparidaceae)-06 1.Same above group
12.Vanfshadi varga (Violaceae)-01 1.Flowers – exquisite & visible
2.Root –vamak
13.Katiradi varga (Cochlospermeceae)-1 Medicinally not important.
14.Tuwrakadi varga
(Flacourtiaceae)-01
1.Krimighna & tandraprad
2.Chalmogra oil
15.Lonikadi varga (Portulacaceae)-01 Only one- lonika
25. Bapalal G.Vaidya
Date of birth:- 17 september 1896
Village:- Sansoli,dist.:-Panchmahal Gujrat
Study:-
a.Shri Amrutlal Pranshankar Pattani 1st principal
of Patan Ayurved College.
b.Vanoushdhi Darpan written by Birja Charan
Gupta
c.Jai Krishn Indrajee:- Famous Botanist
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26. Book published
1.Nighantu adarsh ssha2.Vridhtrayani vanaspatiyo
3. Vanaspatiyono vivran sahkosh 4.Ghargathu vaidak
5.Abhinav kamshastra 6.Sanskrit sahitya ma vanaspatiyon
7.Bhartiye rasshastra 8.Vanaspati varnan-pravesh
9.Gujrat ni vanaspatiyon 10.Ayurveda vyakhanmala
11.Ayurveda vihangavlokan 12.Ayurveda vaijanik vicharna
13.Khorakna tatvon 14.Apno khorak
15.Ayurveda pathawali 16.Dincarya
17.Dama 18.Madhumeh
19.Manvi aarogya 20.Dravyaguna shastra
21.Nasya chikitsa 22.Carak no swadhyay
23.Aushadhopyogi ayurvediye
vanaspati kosh
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27. “Controversial drugs in indian medicine”
Modern technology used are:-
RFLPs
RAPD
SSR
AFLP
SNP
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28. Conclusion
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Nighantu is a collection of dravya(matter) which
may be synonymous or properties and action
centric.It doesn’t follow any principle in
classification of medicinal plants.Nighantu adarsh
adopts modern classification but failed to maintain
the order but its shine doesn’t fade.It explain the
basic principles of Dravyaguna & terminology of
RSBK in Hindi. Todays world looks towards
traditional medicine and TM requires
standardization.Contribution of Bapalal in the field
of Ethanobotany and Controversial drugs is
unforgetable praiseworthy and pathbreaking.
29. References :-
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Nighantu Adarsh
Ayurveda ka vajanik itihas
An introduction to nighantu
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